Tagalog frase - Tagalog phrasebook

Streek waar Tagalog die belangrikste plaaslike taal is

Filippynse of Pilipino (Wikang Filippynse) is die landstaal van die Filippyne, volgens die land se grondwet, en word wêreldwyd deur 90 miljoen mense gepraat.

Filipino is 'n aangepaste weergawe van Tagalog (Wikang Tagalog), die hooftaal van die suidelike Luzon en sommige nabygeleë gebiede. Oorspronklik was dit bedoel om baie woorde uit die talle ander tale van die Filippynse eilande in te sluit, maar hierdie projek het vasgeval. In werklikheid gebruik niemand eintlik die amptelike Filippynse nie, maar eerder gewone Tagalog.

Ongeveer 'n kwart van die bevolking van die Filippyne praat Tagalog as moedertaal en baie meer verstaan ​​dit as tweede taal. Filipino en Engels is die twee amptelike tale van die Filippyne, met Engels die meer gesogte van die twee en word uitsluitlik in hofuitsprake en -wetgewing gebruik. Filippense word wyd gebruik in skole regoor die eilande, insluitend streke waar die plaaslike taal nie Tagalog is nie.

Tagalog is 'n lid van die Austronesiese taalfamilie, redelik nou verwant aan die ander tale van die Filippyne soos Cebuano, en meer verwyderd van Maleis/Indonesies en verskillende tale van die Stille Oseaan-eilande. As gevolg van Europese invloede in die Filippyne, het dit leenwoorde uit beide Spaans en Engels, en is dit een van die min tale in Suidoos-Asië wat die Latynse alfabet gebruik. Baybayin, die pre-koloniale skryfstelsel word soms in skole geleer, maar word nie gereeld in die alledaagse lewe gebruik nie, alhoewel die gebruik van die teks in populariteit groei en pogings aangewend word om dit te laat herleef.

Grammatika

Die belangrikste verskil met die grammatika is dat dit nie soos Engels van woordorde is nie. Byvoorbeeld die sin Jill gee die boek vir Tom in Tagalog kan nie sê wie gee aan wie sonder die persoonlike nasien nie si en ni. As 'n akteur fokus werkwoord word gebruik, word Jill si Jill (die onderwerp), en Tom word ni Tom (die voorwerp). As 'n nie-akteur-fokuswerkwoord gebruik word, dan si en ni omgekeer is. Dit werk soos aktiewe en passiewe stem in Engels, maar nie een van die vorme lyk passief in Tagalog nie.

Mense wat Tagalog leer, moet daarop let dat vertalings vir die om te wees werkwoorde, soos is, is, is kan verwarrend wees. Dit kan op een van die verskillende maniere oorkom word:

Gebruik "ay" of "ay mga"

Dit is wel of nie 'n werkwoord nie, afhangend van elke persoon, maar beteken "is gelyk aan", maar sommige Filippyne beskou dit as 'n skakelwerkwoord. Gebruik "ay" vir voor enkelvoudige naamwoorde en gebruik "ay mga" naamwoord pluraliteit aan te dui.

Gebruik "mag" of "mag mga"

Dit is 'n werkwoord wat kan beteken "daar is / is" of "het / het" (slegs begin van sin). Gebruik "mag" vir voor enkelvoudige naamwoorde en gebruik "mag mga" naamwoord pluraliteit aan te dui.

Slaan dit oor

Waar dit nie absoluut nodig is vir betekenis nie, kan dit weggelaat word - al klink dit verskriklik in Engels. Sino siya? letterlik wie hy? (of wie is hy?)

Die goeie nuus met betrekking tot die woordorde in Filipino, is dat u die woorde omtrent op watter manier ook al kan begelei en steeds verstaanbaar is (as u aanvaar dat die persoonlike merkers aan die regte persoon geheg is). Dit is ook maklik om soortgelyke woorde te vervang met eenvoudige sinne soos in hierdie frase-boek. Die slegte nuus is egter dat behoorlik woordorde het 'n steil leerkurwe en kan selfs deur die aantal lettergrepe beïnvloed word. Filipino is ook berug vir sy groot aantal ingewikkelde werkwoordvorme wat verskillende woorde in Engels vereis.

Die oorgrote meerderheid van die Filippyne is tweetalig (Filipino en Engels) of drietalig (Filipino, Engels en die moedertaal van die spreker). Engels is een van die amptelike tale van die Filippyne en word oorweldigend gebruik as die hooftaal van regering, handel en onderwys. Filippyne gebruik Filippynse Engels, 'n Engelse variëteit wat grotendeels op Amerikaanse Engels gebaseer is, alhoewel dit met 'n duidelike aksent gepraat kan word en sekere omgangstaal en sleng bevat wat eie is aan dit (bv. Die mees algemene woord vir 'toilet' of 'badkamer' in die Filippyne is die Filippynse Engelse "comfort room", gewoonlik verkort tot die voorletters "CR").

Kodewisseling kom ook algemeen voor in alledaagse spraak, met die meeste gesprekke wat in 'n sekere mate Engels en Filippyns insluit. Sommige Engelse woorde word selfs uitsluitlik gebruik wanneer die Filippynse ekwivalent gebruik word, kan as te formeel beskou word (bv. 'Mall', 'computer', 'internet', 'highway', 'hotel' en 'taxi'). As u probleme ondervind om die regte woord of frase in Filipino te vind, moet u nie huiwer om na Engels oor te skakel nie. Byvoorbeeld: in plaas daarvan om te sê "Saan ang labasan?" (Waar is die uitgang?), Kan u sê "Saan ang uitgang?" of "Waar is die labasan ".

Let daarop dat soortgelyk aan Maleis, daar is twee ekwivalente van die Engelse woord "we" in Filipino. As u die persoon (e) wat u aanspreek, wil insluit, is die woord wat u moet gebruik táyo. As u luisteraar (s) nie die onderwerp insluit nie, is die woord wat u moet gebruik kamí.

Sosiale afstand word oorweeg wanneer die regte woord vir "jy" gebruik word; Tagalog gebruik "ikaw" as die algemene vorm, terwyl "kayó" as die beleefde vorm, saam met die ere "pô", gebruik word. Om dit andersom te gebruik, byvoorbeeld om 'ikaw' aan 'n superieur te gebruik, tensy u die persoon baie goed ken, word beskou as 'n oortreding van die etiket. Die Batangas-dialek volg die hoofstroom van die Tagalog-konvensie, maar dit gebruik ook die derdepersoon "silá" as 'n baie beleefde vorm, soortgelyk aan hoe Italiaans gebruike lei in beleefde toespraak.

Uitspraakgids

Alhoewel Filipynse woorde aanvanklik lank en taai kan lyk, is uitspraak makliker as in baie ander tale. Lang woorde is byna altyd gebaseer op kleiner grondwoorde. Die enigste vreemde klank is 'n voorletter ng gevind in 'n paar woorde soos ngiti (glimlag). In teenstelling met die naburige tale (bv. Chinees, Thai, Viëtnamees), is Filippense nie tonale. Deur die verkeerde lettergreep te beklemtoon, kan dit egter dikwels die betekenis van 'n woord verander. Slegs baie selde kom dit in Engels voor (soos woestyn/nagereg). Betekenisse in sulke gevalle kan nou verwant wees soos buhay (lewend of lewendig) of totaal onverwant soos hapon (middag of Japan). U gebruik ook die glottal stop, wat 'n pouse tussen twee vokale maak. Die glottal stop word baie in die Filippynse taal gebruik. 'N Ruimte sal voorsien word vir die glottal stop.

Klinkers

a

soos 'a' in 'arrive'

e

soos 'e' in 'tien'

i

soos 'ek' in 'vin'

o

soos 'o' in 'hond'

u

soos 'oo' in 'hoepel'

Konsonante

Alhoewel die Filippynse alfabet 23 konsonante bevat, word slegs 15 algemeen gebruik. Dit is 'n oorsaak van die dae toe die taal in die "Abakada" -alfabet geskryf is, wat slegs 20 letters bevat.

b

soos 'b' in 'bed'

k

soos 'k' in 'kind'

d

soos 'd' in 'hond'

g

soos 'g' in 'gaan'

h

soos 'h' in 'help'

l

soos 'l' in 'liefde'

m

soos 'm' in 'moeder'

n

soos 'n 'in' lekker '

ng

soos 'ng' in 'fang', maar 'nang' uitgespreek as 'n losstaande woord (alhoewel die meeste Engelssprekendes miskien as twee letters kan klassifiseer, word dit in Filippense sowel as in ander Asiatiese tale as 'n enkele letter beskou)

bl

soos 'p' in 'vark'

r

soos 'r' in 'ry' of 'r' in 'veer'

s

soos 's' in 'son' of 'z' in 'waas'

t

soos 't' in 'top'

w

soos 'w' in 'gewig'

y

soos 'y' in 'ja', 'dws' in 'pie', of 'ee' in 'vlug'

In die 1970's is die alfabet uitgebrei met 11 letters uit die Spaanse en Engelse alfabet, en in 1987 is die Spaanse letters 'ch', 'll' en 'rr' laat val, wat slegs agt letters agtergelaat het. Anders as die 15 gewone letters, word hierdie letters normaalweg slegs in leenwoorde, sleng en kodemengde spraak gevind.

c

soos 's' in 'aandete', 'k' in 'kind'

f

soos 'f' in 'fyn'

j

soos 'dg' in 'rand', 'h' in 'ham'

ñ

soos 'ny' in 'canyon'

q

soos 'q' in 'soeke' (byna altyd met 'u')

v

soos 'v' in 'oorwinning'

x

soos 'cks' in 'skoppe', soos 'z' in 'waas' (aan die begin van 'n woord)

Z

soos 'z' in 'waas'

Tweeklanke

ay

soos 'ek' in 'hoog': tatay (vader)

aw

soos 'ow' in 'koei': kalabaw (karabao / waterbuffel)

ey

soos 'ay' in 'sê': probeer (koningin)

iw

soos "ew" in "paar": baliw (gek)

oy

soos 'oy' in 'boy': apoy (vuur)

Ander klanke

ts

as die 'ch' in 'chip'. Kom ooreen met die vorige letter 'ch', en word gewoonlik in Spaanse leenwoorde aangetref.

dy / diy

as die 'j' in 'jeep'

ly / liy

as die 'lli' in 'miljoen'.

ny / niy

as die 'ny' in 'canyon'. Kom ooreen met die letter 'ñ'. In sekere woorde, soos tanyag (welbekend), word dit as twee afsonderlike letters uitgespreek.

sy / siy

as die 'sh' in 'skip'

ty / tiy

as die 'ch' in 'chip' of as die 'ti' in 'tienda'.

Frase lys

Spanning: Baie Filippynse woorde is gestres op die tweede tot laaste lettergreep

Basiese beginsels

Algemene tekens OOP BUKAS (boo-CASS) GESLUIT SARADO (sah-RAH-doh) INGANG PASUKAN (pah-SOO-kahn). Soms word die beleefde uitdrukking TULOY PO KAYO (tooh-LOY poh kuh-YOUH), wat ook gebruik word wanneer besoekers verwelkom word, op ingangsbordjies gebruik. UITGANG LABASAN (lah-BAH-suhn) DRUK TULAK (TE-lahk) TREK HILA (HEEL-lah) TOILET CR (SEE-uhr), BANYO (BAHN-youh) o PALIKURAN (pah-lee-KOOH-run) MANNE LALAKI (lah-LUH-kee) VROUE BABAE (bah-BUH-eh) VERBOD BAWAL (BAH-wal) GEEN ROOK NIE BAWAL MANIGARILYO (BAH-wal mah-nee-guh-REEL-yoh) LAAI EN ONLAAI SONE SAKAYAN BY BABAAN (sa-KUH-yahn by bah-BUH-uhn) As u 'bawal' sien, moet u nie eers daaraan dink nie!

Twee maniere om te stel ja en geen: in Tagalog, die vraag "Is jy getroud?" word baie anders beantwoord as die vraag "Het u kinders?" Die sleutel is die woord "het" in die tweede vraag. Vrae met "is / is daar?" word ook op hierdie tweede manier beantwoord.

oo (opo)

Ja, ek is getroud.

hindi (po)

Nee ek is nie getroud nie.

mayroon (po)

Ja, ek het kinders.

wala (po)

Nee, ek het nie kinders nie.

Hallo.

Kumusta. (koo-mooss-TAH)

Hallo. (informeel)

Kumusta. (koo-mooss-TAH)

Hoe gaan dit?

Kumusta ka? (koo-mooss-TAH kah?)

Goed dankie.

Mabuti naman, salamat. (mah-BOO-tee nah-MAHN, sah-LAH-maht)

Wat is jou naam?

Ano ang pangalan mo? (ah-NAW ahng pah-NGAH-rahn maw?)

My naam is ______ .

Ako si ______. (ah-KAW sien _____)

Aangename kennis.

Nagagalak akong makilala ka. (nah-GAH-gah-lahck ah-KAWNG mah-kee-LAH-lah kah)

Asseblief.

Pakiusap. (pah-kee-OO-sahp)

Dankie.

Salamat. (sah-LAH-maht)

Jy is welkom.

Walang ano man. (wah-LAHNG ah-NAW mahn)

Ja.

Oo. (AW-aw)

Geen.

Hindi. (heen-DEE)

Verskoon my. (aandag kry)

Paumanhin po. (pah-oo-mahn-HEEN poot)

Verskoon my. (smeekbede)

Paumanhin po. (pah-oo-mahn-HEEN poot)

Ek is jammer.

Pasensya na. (pah-SEHN-shah nah)

Totsiens

Paalam. (pah-AH-lahm)

Totsiens (informeel)

Hanggang sa muli (hahng-GAHNG sah moo-LEE)

Ek kan nie praat nie naam van taal [wel].

Hindi ako magaling magsalita ng [Tagalog]. (heen-DEE ah-KAW mah-gah-LEENG mahg-sah-lee-TAH nahng [tah-GAH-lawg])

Praat jy Engels?

Marunong kang mag-Ingles? (mah-ROO-nawng kahng mahg-eeng-LEHSS?)

Is hier iemand wat Engels praat?

Meron ba ditong marunong mag-Ingles? (MEH-rawn bah DEE-tawng mah-ROO-nawng mahg-eeng-LEHSS?)

Help!

Tulong! (TE-wethng!)

Pasop!

Tumingin ka sa dinaraanan mo! (te-mee-NGEEN kah sah dee-nah-rah-AH-nahn maw!)

Goeie dag.

Magandang araw. (mah-gahn-DAHNG AH-ry)

Goeie more.

Magandang umaga. (mah-gahn-DAHNG oo-MAH-gah)

Goeiemiddag.

Magandang tanghali. (mah-gahn-DAHNG tahng-HAH-lee)

Goeie middag.

Magandang hapon. (mah-gahn-DAHNG HAH-pion)

Goeienaand.

Magandang gabi. (mah-gahn-DAHNG gah-BEE)

Goeie nag.

Magandang gabi. (mah-gahn-DAHNG gah-BEE)

Ek verstaan ​​nie.

Hindi ko maintindihan. (HEEN-dee kaw mah-een-TEEN-dih-hahn)

Waar is die badkamer?

Is dit nodig? (NAH-sah-ahn ahng bahn-YAW?)

Negatiewe etiketvrae word op die teenoorgestelde manier beantwoord in vergelyking met Engels:

Is jy nie getroud?

Hindi (Nee, ek is getroud.)

        Oo (Ja ek is nie getroud.)

In 'n vol en voltooi sin, kan "mayroon" verkort word mag (klink soos Engels "my"). Dit beteken meestal het / het / daar is eerder as 'n direkte ja.

May mga bata sa paaralan.

Daar is kinders in die skool.

Mag barya ka ba para sa piso?

Het u kleingeld vir 'n peso?

Voeg by po aan (of naby) die einde van 'n sin of vraag om dit formeel en beleefd te maak. 'N Uitsondering is na 'n vraende woord, po onmiddellik volg. Sino po siya? Wie is hy / sy? (formeel) Dit is belangrik om daarop te let dat 'opo' (po) en 'oho' (ho) slegs gebruik word om beleefd teenoor die ouer manne te wees.  Ho (word nie in hierdie frase gebruik nie) is 'n dialektiese weergawe van po en kan feitlik altyd daarmee uitgeruil word. Alhoewel die gebruik daarvan baie beperk is in Manila en die noordelike Katagalugan (Tagalog-tuisland), gebruik baie mense dit in Suid-Luzon, veral in Batangas, Cavite en Laguna. Po (of ho) en opo (of oho) word meestal gehoor om respek te toon vir ouderlinge of meerderes. Po (en ho) onversoenbaar is met ka en ikaw (gebruik kayo) en met ma (gebruik nila).

Ja (logies)

Oo (OH o) (informeel) Opo (OH-poh) (formeel)

Nee (logies)

Hindi (HEEN-dee) (informeel) Hindi po (HEEN-dee poh) (formeel)

Ja (om te hê of daar is sommige)

Mayroon (MAI-roh ohn) (informeel, ook 'Meron') Mayroon po (MAI-roh ohn poh) (formeel)

Geen (om nie te hê nie of daar is nie een nie)

Wala (WAH-lah) (informeel) Wala po (WAH-lah poh) (formeel)

Ek weet nie

Hindi ko alam. (HEEN-dee koh AH-lahm) of Di ko alam. (Dee koh AH-lahm) (informeel) Hindi ko po alam. (HEEN-dee koh poh AH-lahm) (formeel)

Hi

Hi (hai)

Hallo

Helów (heh-LOW)

Hoe gaan dit?

Kumusta ka? (koo-MOOS-tah kah?) (informeel) Kumusta po kayo? (koo-moos-TAH poh kah-YOH?) (formeel)

Goed dankie.

Ayos naman, salamat. (AH-yohs NAH-mahn, sah-LAH-maht) Mabuti po, salamat. (mah-BOO-tee poh, sah-LAH-maht) (formeel)

En jy

Ikaw? (ee-Kao?) (informeel) Kayó po? (kah-YOH poh?) (formeel)

Goed / Wel

Mabuti (mah-BOO-tee) Mabuti po (mah-BOO-tee poh) (formeel)

Wat is jou naam?

Anong pangalan mo? (AH-nohng pahn-GAH-lahn moh?) (informeel) Ano po ang pangalan ninyo? (AH-noh poh ahng pahn-GAH-lahn nee-NYO?) (formeel)

My naam is ______ .

Ang pangalan ko ay _______. (ahng pahn-GAH-lahn koh eye___)

Opmerking: Soos hierbo aangedui, word merkers (Si / Ni / Kay) is verpligtend voor die naam van iemand - geen uitsonderings nie (behalwe as een woord beantwoord, en daarna ay)

"Ek is John" Ako si John.

"John's" of "deur John" (eienaarskap / outeurskap) Kay John.

"Aan wie behoort dit?" kan beantwoord word met 'Dit is Johannes s'n'Kay John "of" John's bag "Sak ni John.

Lekker / bly om jou te ontmoet.

Ikinagagalak kong makilala ka. (ee-kee-nah-gah-GAH-lahk kohg mah-kee-LAH-lah kah) Ikinagagalak ko po kayong makilala. (ee-kee-nah-gah-GAH-lahk koh poh KAH-yohng mah-kee-LAH-lah) (formeel)

Asseblief.

Pakiusap (po). (pah-KEE-oo-sahp (poh)) (in die Filippyne, sê hulle gewoonlik Asseblief in plaas van Pakiusap. Voeg dikwels a po/ho in die sin of paki- in die werkwoord dra dieselfde boodskap oor.)

Dankie.

Salamat (sah-LAH-maht) (informeel) Salamat po (sah-LAH-maht poh) (formeel)

Baie dankie

Maraming salamat (mah-RAH-meeng sah-LAH-maht) (informeel) Maraming salamat po (mah-RAH-meeng sah-LAH-maht poh) (formeel)

Jy is welkom.

Walang menslik. (WAH-lahng ah-NOO-mahn) of Wala 'yun. (WAH-lah yoon) (letterlik Dit is niks. of Geen probleem.)

Pas jou op.

Ingat! (ee-NGAHT!)

Hoe oud is jy?

Ilang taon ka na? (EE-lahng TAH ohn kah nah?)

Waar kom jy vandaan?

Taga-saan ka? (tah-GAH sah AHN kah?)

Waar woon jy?

Saan ka nakatira? (sah AHN kah nah-kah-tee-RAH?)

Waar was jy?

Saan ka galing? (sah AHN kah gah-LEENG?) (dikwels retories gebruik)

Waar gaan jy heen?

Saan ka pupunta? (sah AHN kah poo-poon-TAH?)

Kan u my vergesel na _____?

Pwede mo ba akong samahan sa _____? (pweh-DEH moh bah ah-KOHNG sah-mah-HAHN sah___?)

Kan u my neem na_____?

Pwede mo ba akong dalhin sa_____? (PWEH-deh moh bah AH-kohng DAHL-heen sah____?)

Wat is jou werk?

Anong trabaho mo? (ah-NOHNG trah-bah-HOH moh?)

Wat maak jy?

Ano ang ginagawa mo? (ano ang ge-nah-gah-WAH mo)

Waar gaan jy skool?

Saan ka nag-aaral? (sah-AHN kah nahg-ah-ah-RAHL?)

Verskoon my. (aandag kry)

Sandali lang [po]. (Sahn-duh-lee lang po '?) Mawalang galang na po. (Mah-wah-lang GAH-long nah poh)

Verskoon my. (mag ek oor die weg kom?)

Padaan [po]. (pah-DAH-ahn [poh ']) of Nakikiraan lang po. (Nah-kee-kee-RAH-ahn lang po)

Mag ek____ ? (Om toestemming te vra)

Maaari [po] bang ____? (mah-AH-ree [po] bahng ____?)

Ek is jammer.

Paumanhin. (pah oo-MAHN-heen) of Patawad. (pah-TAH-wad) (word gewoonlik gesê Jammer)

Totsiens

Paalam. (pah AH-lahm)

Totsiens (informeel)

Totsiens. (BAH-ee) Paalam (pah-ah-lam)

Ek kan nie Filippynse [wel] praat nie.

Hindi ako marunong mag - ?????? [mabuti]. (HEEN-dee AH-koh mah-ROO-nohng mahg ?????? [mah-BOO-tee])

Help!

Saklolo! (sahk-loh-LOH!) of Tulong! (te-LOHNG)

Pasop!

Mag-ingat! (mahg-EE-ngaht!)

Goeie more. (letterlik 'pragtige oggend')

Magandang umaga (ma-GAHN-dang oo-MAH-ga) (informeel)
Magandang umaga po (ma-GAHN-dang oo-MAH-ga po) (formeel)

Goeie dag

Magandang araw (ma-GAHN-dahng AH-ry)

Goeie middag

Magandang hapon (mah-GAHN-dahng HAH-pohn)

Goeienaand

Magandang gabi. (mah-GAHN-dahng gah-BEE)

Goeie nag (om te slaap)

Magandang gabi. (mah-GAHN-dahng gah-BEE)

Ek verstaan ​​nie.

Hindi ko maintindihan. (HEEN-dee koh mah-een-teen-DEE-hahn)

Waar is die badkamer / waskamer?

Nasaan ang C.R.? (nah-SAH ahn ahng sien ar?) [waar C.R. = Comfort Room ~ Rest Room]

Hoe laat is dit?

Anong oras na? (ah-NOHNG oh-RAHS né?)

Verstaan ​​jy Engels?

Nakakaintindi ka ba ng Ingles? (nah-kah-kah-een-TEEN-dee kah bah nahng een-GLEHS?)

Praat jy Engels?

Marunong ka ba mag-Ingles? / Nakapagsasalita ka ba ng Ingles? (mah-ROO-nohng kah bah mahg-een-GLEHS? / nah-kah-pahg-sah-SAH-lee-tah kah bah nahng een-GLEHS?)

Ja, ek praat / verstaan ​​'n bietjie.

Oo, kaunti lang. (OH-oh, kah-OON-tee lahng)

Ek verstaan ​​nie Tagalog nie.

Hindi ako nakakaintindi ng Tagalog. (HEEN-dee AH-koh nah-kah-kah-een-TEEN-dee nahng tah-GAH-lohg)

Is hier iemand wat Engels praat?

Meron ba ditong marunong mag-Ingles? (meh-ROHN bah dee-TOHNG mah-roo-NOHNG mahg-een-GLEHS?)

Wie is sy / hy?

Sino siya? (sien-NOH shah)

Wat sê sy / hy?

Anong sinasabi niya? (ah-NOHNG sien-nah-sah-BEE nee-YAH?)

Wat bedoel jy?

Anong ibig mong sabihin? (ah-NOHNG ee-BEEG mohng sah-bee-HEEN?)

Sê dit asseblief weer / vergewe.

Paki-ulit. (PAH-kee OO-leet)

Skryf dit asseblief neer.

Pakisulat. (pah-kee-SOO-laht)

Kom ons gaan!

Tara (na)! (tah-RAH (nah)!) (baie informeel) Halika! (hah-lee-KAH!) (semi formele)

Wag!

Teka! (teh-KAH!) of Sandali (lang)! (sahn-dah-LEE (lahng)!)

Kan ek met ..... praat ____ ? (op die foon)

Pwedeng makausap si _____? (PWEH-dehng mah-kah-OO-sahp see____?)

Een oomblik

Sandali lang. (sahn-DAH-lee lahng)

Wie?

Sino? (sien-NOH?)

Wat?

Ano? (ah-NOH?)

Hoekom?

Bakit? (bah-KEET?)

Waarheen?

Saan? (sah AHN?)

Wanneer?

Kailan? (kah-ee-LAHN?)

Hoe?

Paano? (pah ah-NOH?)

Hoeveel?

Ilan? (ee LAHN?)

Hoeveel?

Magkano? (mahg-KAH-noh?)

Selfstandige naamwoorde

Net soos Engels is daar geen geslag wat toegeken word aan gewone selfstandige naamwoorde nie, insluitend dié van Spaanse oorsprong. Die enigste uitsondering is woorde uit Spaanse oorsprong wat verwys na 'n soort persoon of beroep. Maar selfs hier is die artikel (ang, ng, ens.) is geslagsneutraal. Voorbeeld: Ang abogado / a Die advokaat of prokureur (m / v). Ironies genoeg kan woorde uit Tagalog-oorsprong selfs meer geslagsneutraal wees as Engels. Voorbeeld: kapatid broer of suster.

Vir meervoude, voeg by mga onmiddellik voor die selfstandige naamwoord. Voorbeeld: Mga hayop Diers. Voeg by s doen nie maak enigiets meervouds, en word soms by Spaanse naamwoorde gevoeg, ongeag of die onderwerp meervoudig is of nie. Voorbeeld: mansanas appel; mans mansanas appels (uit Spaans manzana).

Een punt van verwarring is die woord Filippyne. Dit kan die Filippyne (die land) of 'n groep vroue uit die Filippyne beteken.

Meisie / vrou

Babae (bah-BAH eh)

Seun / man

Lalaki (lah-LAH-kee of ook uitgespreek as lah-LAH-keh)

Dier

Hayop (HAH-yohp)

Plaas

Lugar (LOO-gahr)

Naam

Pangalan (pah-NGAH-lahn)

Bynaam

Palayaw (pah-LAH-yao)

Van

Apelyido (ah-pehl-YEE-doh)

Adres

Tirahan (tee-RAH-hahn)

Ouderdom

Edad (EH-dahd)

Seks / geslag

Kasarian (kah-sah-REE-ahn)

Skool

Paaralan (pah ah-RAH-lahn)

Variëteitswinkel

Tindahan (tiener-DAH-hahn)

Verjaarsdag

Kaarawan (kah ah-RAH-wahn)

Geboortedatum

Kapanganakan (kah-PAH-ngah-NAH-kahn)

Kind

Anak (AH-nahk) (verwys na seun / dogter) / Bata (BAH-tah) (verwys na jong kind)

Volwasse

Matanda (mah-TAHN-dah)

Driewiel

Traysikel (trai-SEE-kehl)

Jeepney

Jeepney (JEEP-nee)

Bus

Bus (boos)

Trein

Tren (trehn)

Lig

Ilaw (EE-wetgewing)

Water

Tubig (te-BEEG)

Elektrisiteit

Kuryente (koo-RYEHN-teh)

Tabel

Mesa (MEH-sah)

Rusbank

Bank (SOH-fah)

Voorsitter

Upuan (OOH-poeh-AHN) of Silya (SEL-ja)

Sitkamer

Sala (SAH-lah)

Kombuis

Kusina (koo-SIEN-nah)

Slaapkamer

Kwarto (KWAHR-toh) of Silid (SIEN-leed)

Badkamer

Banyo (formeel) (BAH-nyoh) / Kubeta (koo-BEH-tah) (informeel) / CR (gemaklik)

Prent

Litrato (lee-TRAH-toh) o Larawan (LAH-rah-WAHN)

Radio

Radyo (RAH-dyoh)

Lugverkoeler

Lugversorging (ah EER-kohn)

Televisie

Telebisyon (teh-leh-BEE-syohn)

Refrigator

Pridyider (pree-JEE-dehr)

Kraan

Gripo (GREE-poh)

Deur

Pinto (PEEN-toh)

Venster

Bintana (gewees-TAH-nah)

Vriend

Kaibigan (kah ee-BEE-gahn)

Ma

Nanay (NAH-nai) of Ina (EE-nah)

Vader

Tatay (TAH-tai) of Ama (AH-mah)

Broer

Kapatid na lalaki (kah-PAH-teed nah lah-LAH-kee)

Suster

Kapatid na babae (kah-PAH-teed nah bah-BAH-eh)

Relatief

Kamag-anak (KAH-mahg-AH-nahk)

Buurman

Kapit-Bahay (KAH-peet-BAH-hai)

Vrou

Asawang babae (ah-SAH-wahng bah-BAH-eh)

Man

Asawang lalaki (ah-SAH-wahng lah-LAH-kee)

Verloofde

Nobyo / Nobya (vir vroue) (NOH-byoh / NOH-byah)

Vriendin / kêrel

Kasintahan (KAH-gesien-TAH-hahn)

Maatjie

Pare (PAH-reh)

Byvoeglike naamwoorde

Afsonderlike byvoeglike naamwoorde word soms gebruik om dinge en mense te beskryf (bv. Hoë gebou, lang persoon). Byvoeglike naamwoorde sonder selfstandige naamwoord word dikwels met die artikel beëindig na, wat ongeveer vertaal word as "reeds" of "nou." Dit word gewoonlik laat vaar as u dit weer in Engels vertaal. Madumi na. [Dis] vuil (nou / reeds). In Tagalog word 'n artikel soos na of pa word benodig as geen selfstandige naamwoord die byvoeglike naamwoord volg nie. Na is 'n bietjie meer onmiddellik (d.w.s. korter tyd as wat verwag is) as pa, maar albei het soortgelyke gebruik.

Baie selfstandige naamwoorde kan byvoeglike naamwoorde word deur die voorvoegsel by te voeg Ma, soos Dumi (vuil) word Madumi (vuil).

Byvoeglike naamwoord-pare moet gekoppel word. Na (nie dieselfde nie na soos hierbo genoem) word gebruik as die byvoeglike naamwoord op 'n konstante eindig, en ng word gebruik as dit op 'n vokaal eindig. Magandang babae (pragtige meisie). Malinis na kusina (skoon kombuis).

Pragtige

Maganda (mah-GAHN-dah)

Mooi

Guwapo / Pogi (goo-WAH-poh / POH-gee)

Lelik

Pangit (PAHN-geet)

Goed

Mabuti (mah-BOO-tee)

Sleg

Masama (mah-SAH-mah)

Slim / intelligent

Matalino (mah-tah-LEE-noh)

Lang (persoon)

Matangkad (mah-TAHNG-kahd)

Kort / klein

Maliit (mah-LEE-eet)

Skoon

Malinis (mah-LEE-nees)

Vuil

Madumi (mah-DOO-mee)

Heerlik

Masarap (mah-SAH-rahp)

Blandig

Matabang (mah-TAH-bahng)

Groot

Malaki (mah-LAH-kee)

Medium

Katamtaman (kah-tahm-TAH-mahn)

Klein

Maliit (mah-LEE eet)

Koud

Malamig (mah-LAH-meeg)

Warm

Mainit (mah EE-neet)

Gelukkig

Masaya (mah-SAH-yah)

Hartseer / eensaam

Malungkot (mah-LOONG-koht)

Ver

Maleis (mah-LAH-yoh)

Naby / naby

Malapit (mah-LAH-peet)

Sterk

Malakas (mah-LAH-kahs)

Raserig

Maingay (mah-EE-ngai)

Stil

Tahimik (tah-HEE-sagmoedig)

Hoog

Mataas (mah-TAH-ahs)

Laag

Mababa (mah-BAH-tah)

Oud (persoon)

Matanda (mah-TAHN-dah)

Oud (dinge)

Luma (LOO-mah)

Voorsetsels

Hier

Dito (DEE-toh)

Daar

Doon (DOH-ohn)

Buite

Sa labas (sah LAH-bahs)

Binne

Sa loob (sah LOH-ohb)

Boontoe

Sa itaas (sah ee-TAH-ahs)

Onder

Sa ibaba (sah ee-BAH-bah)

Agter

Sa likod (sah LEE-kohd)

Volgende

Katabi (kah-TAH-by)

Behalwe

Katabi (kah-TAH-by)

Voorkant

Harapan (hah-RAH-pahn)

Terug

Likuran (lee-KOO-rahn)

Probleme

Wat is die probleem / probleem?

Anong problema? (ah-NOHNG proh-bleh-MAH?)

Is jy OK?

Ayos ka lang? (ah-yohs kah lahng?)

Los my uit.

Lumayo kan so verwant wees. (loo-MAH-yoh sah AH-keen)

Moenie aan my raak nie!

Huwag mo akong hawakan. (HOO-wahg moh AH-kohng hah-WAH-kahn)

Laat my gaan!

Bitawan mo ako! (bee-tah-wahn moh ah-KOH!)

Ek bel die polisie.

Tatawag ako ng pulis. (tah-TAH-wahg AH-koh nahng POO-lees)

Polisie!

Pulis (POO-lees)

Polisiehoofkwartier

Pulisiya (poo-LEE-syah)

Daar is 'n ongeluk

Mag aksidente. (mai ahk-sien-DEHN-teh)

Daar's 'n vuur !!

Mag sunog !! of Sunog !! (letterlik "brand") (mai SOO-nohg) of (SOO-nohg)

Opmerking: Tagalog verwys altyd na wat brand en nie die vlamme nie. Vuur (beheer of in abstrak): Apoy (AH-poy)

Hou op! Dief!

Tigil! Magnanakaw! (TEE-geel! mahg-nah-NAH-koei!)

Ek het jou hulp nodig.

Kailangan ko ng tulong mo. (kah ee-LAHN-gahn koh nahng TOO-lohng moh)

Dit is 'n noodgeval.

Dit is nie noodgeval nie. (EE-toh eye EE-sahng eh-mehr-JEHN-see)

Ek is verlore.

Nawawala ako. (nah-wah-WAH-lah AH-koh)

Ek is moeg

Pagod ako. (PAH-gohd AH-koh)

Ek voel nie te goed nie.

Masama ang pakiramdam ko. (mah-SAH-mah ahng pah-kee-RAHM-dahm koh)

Ek kan nie slaap nie

Hindi ako makatulog. (AH-koh mah-kah-TE-lohg)

Ek kan nie eet nie

Hindi ako makakakain. (HEEN-dee AH-koh mah-kah-kah-KAH een)

Ek het 'n kopseer

Sumasakit ang ulo ko. (soo-mah-SAH-keet ahng OO-loh koh)

Ek's honger

Gutom na ako. (GOO-tohm nah AH-koh)

Ek is dors

Nauuhaw ako. (nah OO oo-hoe AH-koh)

Ek het nie meer geld nie

Naubusan na ako ng pera. (nah oo-BOO-sahn nah AH-koh nahng PEH-rah)

Ek het my tas verloor.

Nawala ang bag ko. (nah-WAH-lah ahng bahg koh)

Ek het my beursie verloor.

Nawala ang pitaka ko. (nah-WAH-lah ahng pee-tah-ka koh)

Ek is siek.

Mag sakit ako. (mai SAH-keet AH-koh)

Ek is beseer.

Nasugatan ako. (nah-soo-GAH-tahn AH-koh)

Ek benodig 'n dokter.

Kailangan ko ng duktor / mangagamot. (kah ee-LAHNG-tahn koh nahng DOOK-tor / mahn-gah-GAH-moht)

Kan ek jou foon gebruik?

Pwedeng makigamit ng telepono? (pweh-DEHNG mah-kee-gah-ONTMOET nahng teh-leh-poh-NOH?)

Waar is die hospitaal?

Saan ang ospital? (SAH-ahn ahng ohs-pee-TAHL?)

Ek moet u na die hospitaal bring.

Kailangan kitang dalhin sa ospital. (kah-ee-LAHN-gahn KEE-tahng DAHL-heen sah ohs-PEE-tahl)

Weet jy hoe om Engels te praat?

Marunong ka ba mag-Ingles? (mah-roo-NOHNG kah bah mahg-een-GLEHS?)

Getalle en geldeenheid

Opmerking: In sommige gevalle Spaans getalle (met Filippynse spelling) word gebruik.

0

sero (SEH-roh)

1

isá, uno (ee-SAH, OO-noh), piso (vir geldeenheid, nie isang piso nie) (pee-so)

2

dalawá, dos (dah-lah-WAH, dohs), dalawang piso (vir geldeenheid)

3

tatlo, tres (taht-LOH, trehs), tatlong piso (vir geldeenheid)

4

apat, kuwatro (AH-paht, koo-wah-TROHapat na piso (vir valuta)

5

limá, singko (lee-MAH, SEENG-koh), limang piso (vir geldeenheid)

6

anim, sais (AH-neem, sê), anim na piso (vir valuta)

7

pito, siyete (PEE-toh, SYEH-teh), pitong piso (vir valuta)

8

walo, otso (WAH-loh, OHT-soh), walong piso (vir valuta)

9

siyam, nuwebe (SIEN-yahm, noo-WEH-beh), siyam na piso (vir valuta)

10

sampu, diyes (SAHM-poe, dyehs), sampung piso (vir valuta)

11

labing-isa, onse (LAH-beeng-EE-sah, OHN-seh), onse pesos (vir valuta) (OHN-seh peh-sos)

12

labing-dalawa, dosis (LAH-beeng-dah-LAH-wah, DOH-seh), dosis pesos (vir valuta)

13

labing-tatlo, trese (LAH-beeng-taht-LOH, TREH-seh), trese pesos (vir geldeenheid)

14

labing-apat, katorse (lah-beeng-AH-paht, kah-tohr-SEH), katorse pesos (vir geldeenheid)

15

labing-lima (lah-beeng lee-mah), kinse pesos (vir geldeenheid) (keen-seh peh-sos)

16

labing-anim (lah-beeng ah-neem), diesisais pesos (vir geldeenheid) (diyes sien-sah-is peh-sos)

17

labing-pito (lah-beeng pee-to), disisyete pesos (vir geldeenheid) (dees-see-sye-TEH peh-sos)

18

labing-walo (lah-beeng wah-lo), disiocho pesos (vir valuta)

19

labing-siyam (la-beeng-SHAM), disinueve pesos (vir geldeenheid)

20

dalawampu (da-la-wam-POO), beinte pesos of dalawangpung piso (vir geldeenheid)

21

dalawampu't isa (da-la-wam-POOT ee-sah), beinte uno pesos (vir geldeenheid)

22

dalawampu't dalawa (da-la-wam-POOT dah-lah-WAH), bente dos pesos (vir valuta) (ben-teh peh-sos)

23

dalawampu't tatlo (da-la-wam-POOT tat-LO), bente tres pesos (vir geldeenheid)

30

tatlumpu (tat-loom-POO): trenta pesos (vir valuta) (tren-tah peh-sos)

40

apatnapu (ah-pat-nah-POO): kwarenta pesos (vir geldeenheid) (kwaren-tah peh-sos)

50

limampu (lee-mam-POO): singkwenta pesos (vir valuta) (singkwen-tah peh-sos)

60

animnapu (ah-neem-nah-POO): sisenta pesos (vir geldeenheid) (seesen-tah peh-sos)

70

pitumpu (pee-toom-POO): sitenta pesos (vir valuta) (seeten-tah peh-sos)

80

walumpu (wah-loom-POO): otsenta pesos (vir geldeenheid) (otsen-tah peh-sos)

90

siyamnapu (sham-nah-POO): nobenta pesos (vir geldeenheid) (noben-tah peh-sos)

100

isang daan (eesang DAH-ahn), isang daang piso (vir valuta)

200

dalawang daan (dah-lah-wang DAH-ahn), dalawang daang piso (vir valuta) (dah-lah-wang da-ang pee-so)

300

tatlong daan (tat-lang DAH-ahn), tatlong daang piso (vir valuta)

400

apat na daan (ah-pat na DAH-ahn), apat na daang piso (vir geldeenheid)

500

limang daan (lee-mang DAH-ahn), limang daang piso (vir valuta)

600

anim na raan (a-neem na rah-AHN), anim na daang piso (vir geldeenheid)

700

pitong daan (pee-tong DAH-ahn), pitong daang piso (vir geldeenheid)

800

walong daan (WAH-lange DAH-ahn), walong daang piso (vir valuta)

900

siyam na raan (SIEN-yahm sahn-DAH-ahn), siyam na raang piso (vir valuta)

1000

isang libo (EE-sahng LEE-boh), isang libong piso (vir valuta)

2000

dalawang libo (dah-LAH-wahng LEE-boh), dalawang daang piso (vir geldeenheid)

1,000,000

isang milyon (EE-sahng MEE-lyohn), isang milyong piso (vir valuta)

1,000,000,000

isang libong milyon (EE-sahng LEE-bohng MEE-lyohn) vir Britse Engels, isang bilyon (EE-sahng BEE-lyohn) vir Amerikaanse Engels, isang bilyong (vir geldeenheid)

1,000,000,000,000

isang bilyon (EE-sahng BEE-lyohn) vir Britse Engels, isang trilyon (EE-sahng TREE-lyohn) vir Amerikaanse Engels

nommer _____ (trein, bus, ens.)

bilang _____ (BEE-lang): nommer _____ (noo-MEH-roh) (gewoonlik met 'n Spaanse nommer, bv. numero uno, (noo-MEH-roh OO-noh) nommer een)

die helfte

kalahati (kah-lah-HAHN-tee)

minder

kaunti (kah-OON-tee) of konti (KOHN-tee)

meer

madami (mah-DAH-mee) of marami (mah-RAH-mee)

Vir getalle bo 10, Spaans word gereeld gebruik.

Ordinale getalle

Eerste

Una (OO-nah)

Tweede

ikalawa (EE-kah-LAH-wah) (formeel) of pangalawa (informeel)

Derde

ikatlo (EE-KAHT-loh) of pangatlo (informeel)

Vierde

ikaapat (EE-kah-AH-paht) of pang-apat (informeel)

Vyfde

ikalima (EE-kah-LEE-mah) of panlima (informeel)

Sesde

ikaanim (EE-kah-AH-neem) of panganim (informeel)

Sewende

ikapito (EE-kah-PEE-toh) of pampito (informeel)

Agt

ikawalo (EE-kah-WAH-loh) of pangwalo (informeel)

Negende

ikasiyam (EE-kah-SEE-yahm) of pansiyam (informeel)

Tiende

ikasampu (EE-kah-SAHM-poo) of pansampu (informeel)

Twintigste

ikadalawampu (EE-kah-dah-lah-WAHM-poo) of pandalawampu (informeel)

Hundreth

ikasandaan (EE-kah-sahn DAH-ahn)

Tyd

nou

ngayon (nahn-GAH-yon)

'n rukkie gelede / vroeër

kanina (kah-NEE-nah)

later

mamaya (mah-MAH-yah)

voorheen

bago (BAH-goh)

na

pagkatapos (pahg-kah-TAH-pohs)

oggend

umaga (oo-MAH-gah)

middag

tanghali (tang-HAH-lee)

middag

hapon (HAH-pohn)

aand

gabi (GAH-by)

nag

gabi (GAH-by)

middernag

hatinggabi (hah-teeng-GAH-by)

dagbreek

madaling-araw (mah-DAH-leeng-AH-ry)

Kloktyd

'ng' word 'nang' uitgespreek (rym met gesing)

Hoe laat is dit?

Anóng oras na? (ah-NOHNG OH-rahs né?)

Hoe laat...?

Anóng oras ...? (ah-NOHNG OH-rahs ...?)

eenuur AM

ala una ng madaling araw (ah-lah OO-nah nahng mah-DAH-leeng AH-ry)

tweeuur AM

helaas dos ng madaling araw (AH-lahs dohs nahng mah-DAH-leeng AH-ry)

drieuur AM

helaas, die regte dingAH-lahs trehs nahng mah-DAH-leeng AH-ry)

vieruur AM

helaas kwatro ng madaling araw (AH-lahs KWAH-troh nahng mah-DAH-leeng AH-ry)

vyfuur AM

helaas singko ng madaling araw (AH-lahs SEENG-koh nahng mah-DAH-leeng AH-ry)

sesuur AM

helaas sais ng umaga (AH-lahs sê nahng oo-MAH-gah)

sewe uur AM

helaas siyete ng umaga (AH-lahs SYEH-teh nahng oo-MAH-gah)

agtuur AM

helaas otso ng umaga (AH-lahs OHT-soh nahng oo-MAH-gah)

negeuur AM

helaas nuwebe ng umaga (AH-lahs noo-WEH-beh nahng oo-MAH-gah)

tienuur AM

helaas diyes ng umaga (AH-lahs dyehs nahng oo-MAH-gah)

elfuur AM

helaas onse ng umaga (AH-lahs OHN-seh nahng oo-MAH-gah)

twaalfuur / middaguur

helaas dosis ng tanghali (AH-lahs DOH-seh nahng TAHNG-hah-lee)

eenuur PM

ala una ng hapon (AH-lah OO-nah nahng HAH-pohn)

tweeuur PM

helaas dos ng hapon (AH-lahs dohs nahng HAH-pohn)

drieuur PM

helaas tres ng hapon (AH-lahs trehs nahng HAH-pohn)

vieruur PM

helaas kwatro ng hapon (AH-lahs KWAH-troh nahng HAH-pohn)

vyfuur PM

helaas singko ng hapon (AH-lahs SEEHNG-koh nahng HAH-pohn)

sewe uur PM

ala siyete ng haat gabi (AH-lah SYEH-teh nahng HAH-teeng GAH-by)

sesuur PM

ala sais ng haat gabi (AH-lah sê nahng HAH-teeng GAH-by)

agtuur PM

helaas haat gabi (AH-lahs OHT-soh nahng HAH-teeng GAH-by)

negeuur PM

helaas nuebe ng haat gabi (AH-lahs noo EH-beh nahng HAH-teeng GAH-bee)

tienuur PM

Helaas sterf jy haat gabi (AH-lahs DEE ehs nahng HAH-teeng GAH-bee)

elfuur PM

helaas, ons haat gabi (AH-lahs OHN-seh nahng HAH-teeng GAH-bye)

eenuur PM

ala una ng hapon (AH-lah OO-nah nahng HAH-pohn)

tweeuur PM

helaas dos ng gabi (AH-lahs dohs nahng GAH-bye)

twaalfuur / middernag

helaas dosis ng madaling araw (AH-lahs DOH-seh nahng mah-DAH-leeng AH-ry)

een dertiguur PM

ala una y media ng hapon (AH-lah OO-nah ee meh-DEE ah nahng HAH-pohn)

twee dertig PM

helaas dos y media ng hapon (AH-lahs dohs ee meh-DEE ah nahng HAH-pohn)

een dertig vm

ala una y media ng madaling araw (AH-lah OO-nah ee meh-DEE ah nahng mah-DAH-leeng AH-ry)

nege en dertiguur

helaas nuwebe ng umaga (AH-lahs noo-WEH-beh nahng oo-MAH-gah)

een vyf en veertig vm

ala una kwarenta y singko ng umaga (AH-lah OO-nah kwah-REHN-tah ee SEENG-koh nahng oo-MAH-gah)

nege vyf en veertig AM

helaas nuebe kwarenta en singko ng umaga (AH-lahs noo-EH-beh kwah-REHN-tah ee SEENG-koh nahng oo-MAH-gah)

Tydsduur

A vowel ending number must be suffixed with "-ng" while consonant-ending numbers must be followed by "na", e.g. isaNG minuto (one minute) or apat NA minuto (four minutes).

_____ second(s)

_____ segundo (seh-GOON-doh)

_____ minute)

_____ minuto (mee-NOO-toh)

_____ ure)

_____oras (OH-rahs)

_____ dag (e)

_____araw (AH-row)

_____ week (s)

_____ linggo (LEENG-goh)

_____ maand (e)

_____buwan (BOO-wahn)

_____ jaar (s)

_____taon (TAH-ohn)

The Filipino language borrowed its terms for the days of the week and months of the year from the Spanish language.

Dae

vandag

ngayon (nga-yohn)

the day before yesterday

kamakalawa (kah-MAH-kah-lah-WAH)

gister

kahapon (ka-HA-pon)

more

bukas (BOO-kas)

the day after tomorrow

sa makalawa (mah-KAH-lah-WAH)

hierdie week

ngayong linggo (nga-YONG ling-go)

verlede week

nakaraang linggo (na-ka-ra-ang ling-go)

the week before last week

linggo bago noong nakaraang linggo

volgende week

sa isang linggo (sah EE-sahng LEENG-goh)

the week after next week

sa linggo pagkatapos ng sumunod na linggo

Sondag

Linggo (LEENG-goh)

Maandag

Lunes (LOO-nehs)

Dinsdag

Martes (MAHR-tehs)

Woensdag

Miyerkules (myehr-KOH-lehs)

Donderdag

Huwebes (hoo-WEH-behs)

Vrydag

Biyernes (BYEHR-nehs)

Saterdag

Sabado (sah-BAH-doh)

Maande

Januarie

Enero (eh-NEH-roh)

Februarie

Pebrero (peh-BREH-roh)

Maart

Marso (MAHR-soh)

April

Abril (AH-breel)

Mei

Mayo (MAH-yoh)

Junie

Hunyo (HOON-nyoh)

Julie

Hulyo (HOO-lyoh)

Augustus

Agosto (ah-GOHS-toh)

September

Setyembre (seh-TYEHM-breh)

Oktober

Oktubre (ohk-TOO-breh)

November

Nobyembre (noh-BYEHM-breh)

Desember

Disyembre (dee-SYEHM-breh)

Vakansies

Kersfees

Pasko (PAHS-koh)

Nuwe jaar

Bagong Taon (BAH-gohng TAH-ohn)

Holy Week

Mahal na Araw (MAH-hal nah Ah-rao), Semana Santa (casual)

All Souls Day

Araw ng mga Patay (AH-row nahng mgah PAH-tai)(formal)/Todos los Santos (TOH-dohs lohs SAHN-tohs) (casual)/Undas(oon-dahs)(casual)

Writing times and dates

Dates can be written as follows:

• English format: September 19, 2005 would be Setyembre 19, 2005
• Spanish format: September 19, 2005 would be Ika-19 ng Setyembre, 2005

Times are written as in English (as in 6:23 AM) but spoken as in Spanish.

Kleure

swart

itim (ee-TEEM)

wit

puti (pooh-TEE)

rooi

pula (pooh-LAH)

grys

abo (ah-boh)

oranje

kahel (ka-HEL)

geel

dilaw (dee-LAO)

groen

berde (BER-de), luntian (loon-TEE-ahn)

blou

asul (ah-SOOL), bughaw (boog-HOW)

pers

ube (OOH-beh), lila (LEE-la)

pienk

pink, rosa (ROH-sa)

bruin

brown, tsokolate (cho-ko-LAH-teh) (for objects); kayumanggi (kah-yoo-MANG-gee), moreno (for skin color) (moh-REH-noh):

silwer

pilak (PEE-lak)

gold

ginto (geen-TOH)

Vervoer

voertuig

kotse (KOHT-seh)

taxi

taxi (TAHK-see)

bus

bus (boos)

van

bungad (BOON-gahd)

truck

trak (trahk)

tram

trambiya

ship

barko (BAHR-koh)

boot

bangka (BAHNG-kah)

ferry

lantsa (lan-t'sah)

helicopter

helicopter

vliegtuig

eroplano (eh-roh-PLAH-noh)

fiets

bisikleta (bee-see-KLEH-tah)

motorcycle

motorsiklo (moh-tohr-SEE-kloh)

scooter

iskuter (ees-KOO-tehr)

carriage

karwahe (kahr-WAH-heh)

jeepney

jeepney (zheh-EHP-nay) [form of transportation common in the Philippines]

Bus en trein

How much is a ticket to _____?

Magkano ang tiket papuntang _____? (mahg-KAH-noh ahng TEE-keht pah-poon-TAHNG____?)

How much is the fare to _____?

Magkano ang pamasahe sa ______? (mahg-KAH-noh ahng pah-mah-SAH-heh sah____?)

One ticket to _____, please.

Isang tiket papuntang _____. (EE-sahng TEE-keht pah-POON-tahng _______)

Where does this train/bus go?

Saan patungo ang tren/bus na ito? (SAH ahn pah-TOON-goh ahng trehn/boos nah EE-toh?)

Where is the train/bus to _____?

Nasaan ang tren/bus na patungong _____? (nah-SAH ahn ahng trehn/boos nah pah-TOON-gohng______?)

Does this train/bus stop in _____?

Hihinto ba ang tren/bus na ito sa _____? (hee-HEEN-toh bah ahng trehn/boos nah EE-toh sah______?)

I'm going to take a ( bus/jeepney/taxi)

Sasakay ako ng (bus/jeep/taxi). (sah-SAH-kai AH-koh nahng)

When does the train/bus for _____ leave?

Kailan aalis ang tren/bus papuntang_____? (KAH ee-lahn AH ah-lees ahng trehn/boos pah-POON-tahng_______?)

What time is this bus going to leave?

Anong oras aalis itong bus? (AH-nohng krahs ah AH-lees EE-tohng boos?)

When will this train/bus arrive in _____?

Kailan darating yung bus na ito sa _____? (kah EE-lahn dah-RAH-teeng yoong boos nah EE-toh sah______?)

What time will the bus arrive?

Anong oras darating ang bus? (AH-nohng OH-rahs dah-RAH-teeng ahng boos?)

Aanwysings

How do I get to _____ ?

Paano pumunta ng/sa ______? (pah AH-noh poo-MOON-tah nahng/sah____?)

...the train station?

...himpilan ng tren. (heem-PEE-lahn nahng trehn)

...the bus station?

...himpilan ng bus? (heem-PEE-lahn nahng boos?)

...die lughawe?

... paliparan? (pah-lee-PAH-rahn?)

...downtown?

...bayan? (bah-YAN)

...supermarket?

...supermarket? (English) (Western style supermarkets)

...wet market?

...palengke? (pah-LENG-keh) (Traditional Filipino market)

...bank?

...bangko?

... die jeugherberg?

...hostel? (HOS-tel)

...die hotel?

..._____ otel? (o-TEL)

... die Amerikaanse / Kanadese / Australiese / Britse konsulaat?

... konsulado ng Estados Unidos (Amerika)/Canada/Australia/Britanya (...)

Waar is daar baie ...

Saan ang karamihan ng... (...)

... hotelle?

...mga hotel? (ma-nga o-TEL)

... restaurante?

... mga kainan? (ma-nga KAH-ee-nun)

...malls?

...mga mall? (mgah mohl?)

...cinema?

...mga sinehan? (mgah see-NEH-bahn?)

... tralies?

...mga bar? (English) (mgah bahrs?)

... webwerwe om te sien?

...mga magagandang tanawin? (mgah mah-gahn-GAHN-dahng tah-NAH-ween?)

Can you show me on the map ____ ?

Maari bang ituro mo sa akin sa mapa ang _____? (ma-ah-ahree bahng ee-too-ro mo sah ah-keen sah mah-pa ahng____)

straat

kalye (kal-YEH)

Draai links.

Kumaliwa. (KooMAH-Leewah)

Draai regs.

Kumanan. (KooMAH-nun)

links

kaliwa (kah-lee-WAH)

reg

kanan (kah-NAN)

reguit vorentoe

dumiretso (doo-meeh-ret-SO)

na die _____

patungo sa _____ (pah-too-ngo sah)

verby die _____

lagpas sa _____ (lag-PAHS)

voor die _____

bago sa _____ (bah-go sah)

Watch out for the _____.

Maging mapagmasid ka sa _____. (mah-geeng mah-pag-mah-seed kah sah)

intersection

interseksyon (een-ter-sek-shon)

noord

hilaga (hee-LAH-gah)

suid

timog (TEE-mohg)

oos

silangan (see-LAHN-gahn)

wes

kanluran (kahn-LOO-rahn)

opdraand

paakyat ng burol (pah AH-kyaht nahng BOO-rohl)

afdraand

pababa ng burol (pah-BAH-bah nahng BOO-rohl)

Taxi

Taxi!

Taksi! (TAHK-see)

Take me to _____, please (formal).

Pakihatid mo ako sa_____. (...)

To _____ , please (casual).

Sa ____. (sah)

I'm going to ____

Papunta akong _____ (pah-poon-tah ah-kong)

Hoeveel kos dit om by _____ uit te kom?

Magkano papuntang _____? (mag-kah-no pah-poon-tang)

How much do you charge?

Magkano ang singil mo? (mag-kah-no ahng see-ngeel-mo)

How much is the fare?

Magkano ang bayad? (mag-ka-no ahng bah-yad)

Neem my asseblief daarheen.

Pakihatid mo ako doon. (pa-kee-ha-teed mo ah-ko do-ON)

Jeepney/Bus

One/Two/Three etc. to ____ (When paying the fare for number of people)

Isa/Dalawa/Tatlo papuntang _____ ( insert the destination here)

Stop!!! (to get off the jeepney/bus)

Para!!!! (PA-rah)

How much is the fare to _____?

Magkano ang pamasahe papuntang _____ (...)

Sir (driver) Where's my change?

Mama, nasaan ang sukli ko? ( Mam-ma na-sa-an ang sooklee ko)

Can you drop me off at ____?

Maari niyo ba akong ibababa sa ____?

Verblyf

Het u enige kamers beskikbaar?

Meron ba kayong kwarto na hindi ginagamit? (...)

Hoeveel kos 'n kamer vir een persoon / twee mense?

Magkano ang isang kwarto para sa isang/dalawang tao? (...)

Kom die kamer met ...

Kasama ba sa kwarto ang ______ ? (...)

...lakens?

...kumot? (koo-MOT)

...pillows?

...unan

...n badkamer?

...banyo? (BAHN-yoh)

... 'n telefoon?

...telepono? (te-LE-poh-NOH)

... 'n TV?

...TV? (TV)

Can I see the room first?

Pwede bang makita muna ang kwarto? (...)

Het u iets stiller?

Meron ba kayong mas tahimik? (...)

... groter?

...mas malaki? (...)

... skoonmaker?

...mas malinis? (...)

... goedkoper?

...mas mura? ()

OK, ek sal dit neem.

Sige, kukunin ko. (...)

Ek sal _____ nag (s) bly.

Mananatili ako ng _____ gabi. (...)

Kan u 'n ander hotel voorstel?

Pwede ba kayong magmungkahi ng ibang hotel? (...)

Het u 'n kluis?

Meron ba kayong safe? (...)

... kassies?

... kassies? (...)

Is ontbyt / aandete ingesluit?

Kasama ba ang almusal/hapunan? (...)

What time is breakfast/lunch/supper?

Anong oras ang almusal/tanghalian/hapunan? (...)

Maak asseblief my kamer skoon.

Pakilinis ang aking kwarto. (...)

Can you wake me up at _____ ( e.g. ten o'clock AM) ?

Pwede mo ba akong gisingin ng _____(e.g. alas diyes ng umaga)? (...)

Ek wil gaan kyk.

Gusto ko nang mag-check-out. (...')

Who's knocking the door?

Sino ang kumakatok sa pinto?

Who's there?

Sino yan?

The toilet is not working.

Sira ang inidoro.

Geld

Do you accept ...

Tumatanggap ba kayo ng ... (Too-mah-tang-GAP ba ka-YO nang...)

... credit cards?

... credit card?

... checks?

... tseke? (CHE-ke)

... dollars?

... dolyares? (dol-YAH-res)

Can you change my money to _____?

Pwede mo bang papalitan ang pera ko sa _____? (PWE-de moh BANG pa-pa-li-TAN ang PE-ra ko sa _____)

I want to change my money to Philippine pesos.

Gusto kong papalitan ang pera ko sa peso. (Goose-toh kong pa-pa-li-TAN ang PE-ra ko sa pe-so)

Where can I get my money changed?

Saan pwedeng magpapalit ng pera? (Sa-AHN PWE-deng MAG-pa-pa-lit nang PE-ra?)

Can you change a traveler's check for me?

Pwede bang papalitan ang tseke ko? (PWE-de BANG pa-pa-li-TAN ang CHE-ke ko?)

Where can I get a traveler's check changed?

Saan ko pwedeng papalitan ang tseke ko? (Sa-AHN ko PWE-deng pa-pa-li-TAN ang CHE-ke ko?)

What is the exchange rate in _____?

Magkano ang palitan sa _____? (Mag-KA-noh ang pa-LI-tan sa _____)

Where is the ATM (Automatic Teller Machine)?

Saan merong ATM? (Sah-AHN MEH-rong ATM?)

I want to withdraw money from an ATM.

Gusto kong mag-withdraw (sa ATM). (Goose-toh kong mag-with-draw)

Eet

'N Tafel vir een persoon / twee mense, asseblief.

Mesa para sa isa/dalawang katao, please. (...)

Kan ek asseblief na die spyskaart kyk?

Pwedeng makita ang menu, please? (pweh-deng mah-kee-tah ahng meh-noo)

Kan ek in die kombuis kyk?

Pwedeng makita ang kusina? (pweh-deng mah-kee-tah ahng koo-see-nah)

Where's the bathroom/washroom?

Nasaan ang C.R.? (nah-sah-ahn ahng see-ar)

Is daar 'n spesialiteit in die huis?

Meron ba kayong specialty? (meh-ron bah kah-yong spe-shal-tee)

Is daar 'n plaaslike spesialiteit?

Meron ba kayong local specialty? (...)

Ek is 'n vegetariër.

Vegetarian ako. (...)

Ek eet nie vark nie.

Hindi ako kumakain ng baboy. (Heendee ako koomah-kain nang ba-boy)

Ek eet nie beesvleis nie.

Hindi ako kumakain ng karne. (...)

Ek eet net kosher kos.

Kosher lang ang kinakain ko. (...)

Kan u dit asseblief 'lite' maak? (minder olie / botter / varkvet)

Pwede mong gawing "lite", please? (...)

It's salty.

Maalat ito

It's so sweet.

Napakatamis nito

It's so spicy.

Napakaanghang nito

vaste prys ete

vaste prys ete (...)

à la carte

a la carte (...)

ontbyt

almusal (al-moo-sal)

middagete

tanghalian (tang-hah-lee-ahn)

snack (ete)

meriyenda (mer-yen-dah)

aandete

hapunan (ha-poo-nan)

Ek wil _____.

Gusto ko ng _____. (GOOS-to koh)

Ek wil 'n gereg hê wat _____ bevat.

Gusto ko ng ulam na naglalaman ng _____. (...)

hoender

manok (mah-nok)

beesvleis

karne (kar-ne)

vis

isda (is-DAH)

ham

hamon (...)

kos

pagkain (pag-kah-een)

drinks

inumin (ee-noo-min)

wors

longganisa (local sausage) (...)

kaas

keso (keh-soh)

eiers

itlog (eet-LOG)

slaai

ensalada (...)

corn

mais

(vars) groente

(sariwang) gulay (goo-LIE)

(vars vrugte

(sariwang) prutas (proo-TAS)

brood

tinapay (ti-nah-PIE)

fastfood

fastfood

roosterbrood

tustado (...)

noedels

pansit or noodles (...)

rys

kanin (KA-nin)/bigas (bee-GAS, used for uncooked rice)

boontjies

priholes (pree-ho-les) or beans (...)

raw

hilaw (HEE-law)

cooked

luto (LOO-to)

fried

prito

fried chicken/fish/egg

pritong manok/isda/itlog

grilled/roasted

inihaw

boiled

nilaga

sout

asin (uh-SEEN)

suiker

asukal (ah-SOO-kal)

cooking oil

mantika (man-TEE-ka)

knoffel

bawang

onion

sibuyas

swart peper

paminta (...)

soy sauce

toyo (to-yo)

botter

margarina or mantikilya (...)

Can/May I have a glass of _____?

Pwedeng/Maaaring makahingi ng isang baso ng _____? (pweh-deng/mah-ah-ring mah-kah-hee-ngi nahng ee-sang bah-song)

Can/May I have a cup of _____?

Pwedeng/Maaring makahingi ng isang tasa ng _____? (...)

Can/May I have a bottle of _____?

Pwedeng/Maaaring makahingi ng isang bote ng _____? (...)

koffie

kape (ka-PEH)

tee (drink)

tsaa (cha-AH)

iced tea

iced tea (no direct translation)

sjokolade

tsokolate (cho-KOH-lah-TEH)

ys

yelo (yeh-lo)

sap

sap (...)

water

tubig (TOO-BEEG)

bier

serbesa (formal), beer (casual)(...)

rooi / wit wyn

rooi / wit wyn (...)

Mag ek _____ hê?

Maaaring makahingi ng_____? (...)

nagereg

panghimagas (formal), dessert (casual) (...)

Verskoon my, kelner? (om aandag van die bediener te kry)

Verskoon my, kelner? (...)

I'm finished/done.

Tapos na ako. or Tapos na akong kumain. (tah-pohs NAH uh-KOH or tah-pohs NAH uh-KOHNG KOO-mah-in)

Dit was heerlik.

Masarap ang pagkain. (muh-suh-RAHP yan)

Please clean the table.

Pakilinis ang mesa. (...)

Can I get the bill, please.

Yung bill, please. (...)

KTV (Karaoke Bars)

Can we get a room to sing?

Pwede ba kaming kumuha ng kuwarto para kumanta? (...)

Kroeë

Do you serve alcohol?

Meron ba kayong alak? (...)

Do you have cigarettes?

Meron ba kayong sigarilyo?

Is there table service?

Meron ba kayong 'table service'? (...')

A beer/two beers, please.

Isang/dalawang beer/s, please. (...)

A glass of red/white wine, please.

A glass of red/white wine, please. (...)

A pint, please.

A pint, please. (...)

A bottle, please.

Isang bote, please. (...)

_____ (hard liquor) and _____ (mixer), please.

_____ and _____, please. (...)

whiskey

whiskey (...)

vodka

vodka (bod-KAH)

rum

rum (rahm)

water

tubig (too-beeg)

club soda

club soda (...)

tonic water

tonic water (...)

orange juice

orange juice (...)

Coke (soda/pop)

Coke (soft drinks)

Do you have any snacks?

Meron ba kayong chicherya? (meh-RON bah kaYONG chee-cheer-YAH)

One more, please.

Isa pa nga ulit, please. (Isa pa.)

Another round, please.

Isa pa ulit. (...)

When is closing time?

Kailan (or Anong oras) kayo magsasara? (?)

Cheers!

Tagay!

Inkopies

Where can I buy ____?

Saan makakabili ng _____? (sah-ahn mah-kah-kah-bee-lee nahng)

Do you have size ____ (e.g. 8/9/10) ?

Meron kayong size _____(e.g. 8/9/10)? (...)

How much is it?

Magkano ito? (mag-kah-no ee-to)

That's too expensive.

Napakamahal naman niyan. (nah-pah-kah-mah-hal nah-man nyan)

Do you accept credit card?

Tumatanggap ba kayo ng credit card? (...)

expensive

mahal (mahHAL)

cheap

mura (mooRAH)

I can't afford it.

Hindi ko kayang bilhin. (...)

I don't want it.

Hindi ko gusto. (hinDIH ko GOOSto)

You're cheating me.

Dinadaya mo ako. (...)

Ek stel nie belang nie.

Hindi ako interesado. (..)

OK, ek sal dit neem.

Sige, kukunin ko. (...)

Can I have a bag?

Pwedeng makahingi ng bag? (...)

It's too big.

Sobrang laki nito

It's too small.

Sobrang liit nito

Do you have a size smaller/bigger than this?

Meron ba kayong size na mas maliit/malaki dito?

Can i change the size to ____?

Pwedeng papalitan sa size na ____ ?

Do you ship (overseas)?

Nagpapadala ba kayo sa ibang bansa? (...)

Do you have ____?

Meron kayong ______?

I need...

Kailangan ko ng ... (KYE-LAHNG-uhn ko)

...toothpaste.

...toothpaste. (...)

...shoes

sapatos

...clothes

damit

...jewelry

alahas

...necklace

kwintas

...earings

hikaw

...ring

singsing

...a toothbrush.

...sipilyo. (SEEpeelyo)

...tampons.

...napkins. (...)

...soap.

...sabon. (SAHbon)

...shampoo.

...syampu. (SHAHM-poo)

...pain reliever. (e.g., aspirin or ibuprofen)

...pain reliever. (...)

...cold medicine.

...gamot sa sipon. (Gahmot sa see-pon)

...stomach medicine.

...gamot sa tiyan. (Gahmot sa chan)

...a razor.

...pang-ahit. (...)

...an umbrella.

... payong. (...)

...sunblock lotion.

...sunblock lotion. (...)

...a postcard.

...postkard. (...)

...postage stamps.

...selyo. (...)

...batteries.

... baterya. (...)

...writing paper.

...papel. (...)

...a pen.

...panulat. (...)

...pencil

...lapis. (LahPEEs)

...English-language books.

...mga librong Ingles. (lee-brong EEHNG-glehs)

...English-language magazines.

...English-language magazines. (...)

...an English-language newspaper.

...dyaryong Ingles (JAHR-yong EEHNG-glehs)

...an English-English dictionary.

...diksyonaryong Ingles. (...)

Bestuur

I want to rent a car.

Gusto kong mag-renta ng kotse. (GOOS-to kong mag ren-tah nang koh-CHEH)

Can I get insurance?

Pwedeng kumuha ng insurance? (...)

Most Philippine road signs are in English.

stop (on a street sign)

stop ()

one way

one way (...)

yield

yield (...)

no parking

walang paradahan(formal)/parking(casual) (walang paradahan)

spoedgrens

speed limit (...)

gas (petrol) station

gas station/gasolinahan (...)

petrol

petrol (...)

diesel

diesel (...)

Gesag

I haven't done anything wrong.

Wala po akong nagawang masama. (...)

It was a misunderstanding.

Iyon ay isang hindi pagkakaunawaan. (...)

Where are you taking me?

Saan mo/niyo ako dadalhin? (Use mo if you are talking to one person and niyo of nyo if you are talking to two or more people)

Am I under arrest?

Aarestuhin mo/niyo ba ako? (...)

Where's the warrant?

Nasaan ang warrant?

I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen.

Ako ay isang mamamayang Amerikano/Britaniko/Kanadyano. (Formal) (...)

Mamamayang Amerikano/Britaniko/Kanadyano ako. (Casual) (...)

I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate.

Gusto kong makipagusap sa embahadang/konsuladong Amerikano/Britaniko/Kanadyano. (...)

I want to talk to a lawyer.

Gusto kong makipagusap sa isang abogado. (GOOS-toh koh ma-KEY-PAHG-OOH-SAHP sah ah-boh-GAH-do)

Can I just pay a fine now?

Pwede na lang ba akong magbayad ng multa? (...)

Law

Batas

Judge

Hukom or Huwes

Lawyer

Abugado/Abogado

Court

Hukuman or Korte

Jail

Bilangguan or Kulungan

Cop

Pulis

When in Danger

A thief!

Magnanakaw! (mag-NAH-NAH-KAHW)

Help!

Saklolo! or Tulong! (Actually, both 'Saklolo' and 'Tulong' mean the same thing for 'Help', and both words are understood by locals, thus they're interchangeable. Usage of them depends on your personal preference.) (sak-LOH-LOH o TOO-long)

I was robbed by that thief and now my purse is gone. What should I do now?

Ninakawan ako ng magnanakaw na iyon at ngayon wala na yung purse ko. Ano na ang gagawin ko ngayon? (knee-NAH-COW-WON ah-ko ng mag-NAH-NAH-KAHW na ee-YOHN at NGA-yon wa-lah NAH YOONG purse KOH. a-NOH na ang gah-GAH-WEEN koh?)

Call the police about the incident

Tawagan mo ang pulisya ukol sa pangyayari. (tah-WAH-GAHN moh ang POOH-lee-SHAH ooo-KOHL sah nang-YAH-ree)

Vuur!

Sunog! (SOO-NOG!)

Call the nearest fire station, quick!

Tawagan mo na ang pinakamalapit na istasyon ng bumbero, bilis! (tah-WAH-GAHN mo na ang pee-nah-kah-MAH-LAH-PEAT na ees-TAH-SHON ng BOOM-BE-ROH)

Let's get out of here!

Umalis na tayo dito! (OOH-mah-lees na ta-YOH DEE-TOH)

There's an earthquake!

May lindol! (MY lean-DOLL)

Get some hard stuff to protect your heads, now!

Kumuha kayo ng matigas na bagay upang maprotektahan ang inyong mga ulo, ngayon din! (coo-moo-HAH KAH-yoh ng ma-TEE-GAS na BAH-GAHY oo-PANG ma-pro-TEHK-TAH-HAN ang in-YONG mga OO-LOH, nga-YON DEAN)

Tsunami!

Tsunami! (Filipinos don't have their own word for tsunami.)

Let's evacuate!

Sumilong na tayo! (soo-MEE-long nah TAH-yoh!)

Run!

Takbo! (tuck-BO)

It's dangerous there!

Delikado diyan! (del-lee-KAH-do jahn)

Am I going to die now?

Mamamatay na ba ako ngayon? (mah-mah-mah-TAHY na bah a-KOH nga-YON)

As natural disasters happen to the Philippines, if such disaster is severe, you might hear some locals saying this sentence, mainly because they're panicking. This sentence is just added to understand some of the locals' expressions during these calamities.

Filipino language