Lugvaartgeskiedenis in die konteks van museum- en geskiedenis toerisme roep verskillende aspekte van wetenskaplike toerisme, insluitend albei burgerlik en militêre lugvaart.
Verstaan
Die vraag "waar en wanneer was die eerste motorvlug" is kontroversieel; sommige sê dit is gemaak in Kitty Hawk in 1903 deur die Wright-broers op hul Flyer ('n katapult was nodig, en die getuienisverslag is skaars omdat die Wright-broers in die geheim gewerk het en bang was vir industriële spioenasie); ander gee hierdie eer aan die Brasiliaanse uitvinder Alberto Santos-Dumont en syne 14-bis. Op 23 Oktober 1906 vertrek hy onder die vliegtuig se eie krag voor 'n groot skare getuies op die terrein van Parys'Château de Bagatelle in die Bois de Boulogne, vir 'n afstand van 60 m (197 voet) op 'n hoogte van ongeveer 5 m (16 voet), die eerste aangedrewe swaarder-as-lug-vlug in Europa wat deur die Aéro Club gesertifiseer is de France en die Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). Hierdie kontroversie is nie bedoel as onderwerp van 'n reisgids nie, maar gee studie terug aan wetenskaplike en geskiedenisliefhebbers.
Dit was egter nie die eerste keer dat die mens vlieg nie. Otto Lilienthal het 'n dekade tevore met sweeftuie geëksperimenteer, en reeds in 1783 het die Montgolfier-broers die wêreld se eerste bemande lugballon opgestyg. Alhoewel 'ligter as lug'-vlug dus in die 18de eeu haalbaar was, het baie mense - waaronder gerespekteerde wetenskaplikes soos Lord Kelvin - gedurende die grootste deel van die 19de eeu getwyfel dat lugvaart' swaarder as lug 'ooit moontlik sou word. Die broers Wright het egter teen die tyd die skeptici verkeerd bewys Eerste Wêreldoorlog begin het, het vliegtuie 'n militêre aanwins in verkenning geword, al was dit nie noodwendig in die geveg nie. Terwyl Zeppelins 'n indrukwekkende prestasie van menslike ingenieurswese was, was hul hoë investeringskoste en hul aanvanklike tegnologiese probleme wat eers teen die Hindenburg-ramp vasgestel is (as gevolg van die gebruik van hoogs vlambare waterstof in plaas van helium wat destyds amper heeltemal onder Amerikaanse beheer) gebeur het, het hul ontwikkeling in die dertigerjare gestuit.
Vandag is blimps, lugskepe wat, anders as Zeppelins, hul vorm van gasdruk eerder as 'n binneskelet kry, 'n belangrike faktor in die lugvaart, en soos ballonne is dit 'n byskou in die lugvaartfoto van vandag wat oorheers word deur 'swaarder as lug' tot op die punt dat vlieg word byna algemeen verstaan vliegtuie.
Militêre lugvaart
- Sien ook: Militêre toerisme
Ballonne het in die 19de eeu af en toe gebruik vir verkenning. Oostenrykse troepe gebombardeer Venesië uit die lug in 1849 en die Amerikaanse burgeroorlog verkenningsballonne gesien, wat egter belemmer word deur die gebrek aan doeltreffende langafstandkommunikasie soos radio. Lugvaart is egter deur baie militêre kundiges as 'n instrument ontslaan, selfs nadat die eerste praktiese vliegtuie opgeduik het. Lugvaart het 'n klein rol gespeel in die Groot Oorlog maar het 'n belangrike bydraer (en strategiese komponent) geword in Tweede Wereldoorlog. Die Eerste Wêreldoorlog het die eerste 'vlieënde ase' opgelewer, vlieëniers wat gevier is vir hul bekwaamheid in lug-tot-lug-gevegte en daar was baie mitologie rondom die vermeende ridderlikheid van luggevegte in vergelyking met die toenemend wrede, sinnelose en geïndustrialiseerde slagting in die loopgrawe - egter , die meeste van die verhale het min basis.
N lugaanval op pêrelhawe was 'n belangrike stap in die eskalasie van die Stille Oseaanoorlog, terwyl die bombardering van stede en burgerlike bevolkings wydverspreid was Tweede Wêreldoorlog in Europa. Stede soos Coventry, Guernica, Rotterdam (gebombardeer nadat Nederland reeds oorgegee het) en later Hamburg, Dresden of Berlyn is byna geheel en al deur lugbombardemente gelykgemaak en dra die littekens van hierdie nuwe soort oorlogvoering tot vandag toe. Houtraamwerk huise en 'n dig gebou historiese ou stad was vroeër kenmerke van die meeste stede in Sentraal-Europa, maar die bombardement (en die daaropvolgende kortsigtige stedelike beplanning) het verseker dat dit 'n rariteit in groot stede sou word. Lugvaart het ook 'n rewolusie vir militêre logistiek gemaak. Terwyl 'n leër vroeër moes kies tussen die verskaffing van toevoerlyne of om 'n doelbewuste tempo te hou terwyl die toevoerlyne in hul agterkant verseker is of 'van die land af leef', het dit teen die tyd van die Tweede Wêreldoorlog denkbaar geword om 'n leër per lug te voorsien en soos die Sowjets tydens die Berlynse blokkade van 1940 moes leer, was dit van toepassing op hele burgerstede. Terwyl die algemene beeld van die "rosyntjiebomwerper" is dat hulle meestal voedsel aflewer, was steenkool die mees algemene afleweringsitem, en die vliegtuie het selfs in 'n hele kragsentrale vir Wes-Berlyn gevlieg, wat tot dan gedeeltelik afhanklik was van die omliggende gebied vir sy kragbehoeftes. In Suidoos-Asië, die Japannese Mitsubishi A6M Nul vegter sou 'n vreesaanjaende reputasie kry, aangesien die verouderde vliegtuig wat die Britte agtergelaat het om hul kolonies te verdedig, nie 'n wedstryd vir die meer gevorderde Japannese vegters was nie. Die gety van die oorlog sou uiteindelik teen Japan begin draai in die Slag van Midway, Junie 1942, toe die Amerikaners Japan se vier grootste vliegdekskepe gesink het en sodoende vir die res van die oorlog in die lug kon slaag.
Die Koreaanse oorlog en Viëtnam-oorlog lugbombardemente op tot dusver ongekende skaal gesien en daar was meer bomme op die oerwoude van Indochina tydens daardie oorlog as op die stede van Europa tydens die Tweede Wêreldoorlog. Daar was gelukkig sedertdien min simmetriese oorloë, maar industriële moondhede gebruik dikwels lugbombardement in asimmetriese oorloë, aangesien dit minder gevaar vir hul eie soldate inhou as grondgevegte. Dit is egter moeiliker om burgerlikes van militêre teikens van die lug te onderskei, 'n feit wat opstandelinge, terreurgroepe en ander soms as militêre taktiek en propagandapogings gebruik. Lugvoordeel sou in 1982 weer van kardinale belang wees Falklands Oorlog, waar die Argentynse Dassault Mirage IIIEA- en Douglas A-4 Skyhawk-vliegtuie geen wedstryd vir die Britse Harriers was nie, wat uiteindelik gelei het tot 'n oorwinning vir die Britte en die oorgawe van die Argentynse besettingsmag. Die groot afstande wat hierby betrokke was, het ook die perke getoon van selfs 'n moderne weermag om sy krag te projekteer, aangesien baie vliegtuie die Azore en Tristan da Cunha op pad van die Britse vasteland na die Falklands.
Kommersiële lugreise
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In die jare tussen die twee wêreldoorloë is kommersieel swaarder as lugreise gebore, en vlieg word 'n lewensvatbare vervoeropsie vir langafstandreise. Sommige van vandag se wêreldwye lugvaartikone, waaronder Australië's Qantas, Nederland' KLM en Air France is gedurende daardie tydperk gestig. Delta Luglyne kan sy oorsprong ook herlei na verskeie maatskappye wat in die 1920's gestig is. In die tussenoorlogse periode Duitsland, wat ingevolge die Verdrag van Versailles verbode was om militêre lugvaart te ontwikkel, het 'n 'burgerlike' lugvaartprogram ontwikkel wat net 'toevallig' vliegtuie insluit wat feitlik identies was in vorm, prestasie, vragvermoë, reikafstand en spoed aan die destydse militêre modelle. In daardie era is die eerste inkarnasie van Deutsche Luft-Hansa gestig, maar die huidige maatskappy met die naam is wettig anders as die hedendaagse Lufthansa, wat Lufthansa graag wil uitwys wanneer hul PR-vlugte van 1932 vir Hitler of oorlogstydmisdade die onderwerp is van gesprek, maar vergeet graag wanneer ou tussenoorlogse vliegtuie in die naam van tradisie rondgevlieg word.
Talle faktore, waaronder militêre oorwegings en die feit dat baie hooggeplaaste Nazi's persoonlik nie van Zeppelins gehou het nie (Göring was 'n militêre vlieënier in die Eerste Wêreldoorlog), sowel as die feit dat die VSA nie helium aan Nazi-Duitsland wou aflewer nie. , wat veroorsaak het dat Zeppelins steeds gevul was met vlambare waterstof, wat gelei het tot 'n reeks gebeure wat die enigste opvallende Zeppelin-program vir passasiers beëindig het. Terwyl lugskepe van sekere vorms steeds militêre toepassings het en steeds gebruik word vir hul nuutheid in toerisme-aantreklikhede en reklame, het die 'goue era' van die rigiede lugskip in 1937 in Lakehurst in rook opgegaan.
Die vyftiger- en sestigerjare het bekend geword as die "Goue Eeu van Lugreise", toe vlieg slegs 'n voorreg vir die vuil rykes was, en lugdienste het met mekaar meegeding om die luuksste aanboorddiens aan te bied met die aantreklikste stewardesse. Die bekendstelling van die eerste vliegtuigvliegtuig, die de Havilland Komeet, in 1952 die straaltydperk ingelui het, wat vliegtuie vinniger as ooit tevore kon aflê. Sommige ikone van daardie era sluit in Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) en Trans World Airlines (TWA) van die Verenigde State, wat onderskeidelik in 1991 en 2001 gesluit het, en British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), wat in 1974 in British Airways saamgevoeg is. Onder die mees gesogte lugdiensroetes uit daardie era tel die roetes Londen-New York en Londen-Sydney, wat steeds as die vlagskiproetes van British Airways en Qantas respektiewelik bedryf word.
In die 1970's is twee ikoniese vliegtuie in kommersiële passasiersdiens bekendgestel: die Boeing 747, ook bekend as die Jumbo Jet, in 1970, en die supersoniese Concorde in 1976. Die Concorde sou die afstand tussen die Londense Heathrow-lughawe en die John F. Kennedy Internasionale Lughawe in New York in minder as 3 uur aflê, en die tyd wat subsoniese stralers geneem het, langer as twee uur afskeer. Vanweë die hoë bedryfskoste was die kaartjiepryse op die Concorde buitensporig (selfs duurder as eersteklas vliegtuigvliegtuie), wat dit 'n gewilde vliegtuig vir beroemdes gemaak het, maar andersins onbekostigbaar vir 'n groot deel van die algemene publiek. Die Concorde sou in die vroeë 21ste eeu ophou met British Airways wat hul laaste Concorde in 2003 afgetree het. Alhoewel die Concorde 'n beperkte kommersiële sukses vir Air France en British Airways was, was dit nooit eens naby aan die herstel van die beleggingskoste wat belê is nie. deur die Franse en Britse state, wat Europa tot konsolidasie in vliegtuigvervaardiging dryf. Terselfdertyd het die Sowjet-supersoniese vliegtuig, die Tupolev Tu-144, slegter gevaar en is dit na 'n paar jaar onttrek. Ander voorstelle vir supersoniese passasiersvliegtuie, waaronder een deur Boeing, het nooit die beplanningsfase verbygegaan nie. Die Concorde is een van die bes bewaarde vliegtuie in die geskiedenis in die sin dat 'n groot deel van die totale vervaardigde vliegtuie nog bestaan en besoek kan word. In 'n sekere sin is die Concorde op die grond toegankliker vir die gemiddelde persoon as wat dit ooit tydens sy vliegdae was. Aan die ander kant was die Boeing 747 'n reuse sukses en word hy die voorkeur medium- tot langafstandvliegtuig vir baie lugdienste regoor die wêreld (en selfs vir binnelandse roetes vir kortafstand, maar groot volume in Japan), en hoewel dit vandag grotendeels vervang word deur nuwer en meer moderne vliegtuie vir passasiersdiens, word dit steeds vervaardig en wyd gebruik as 'n vragvaartuig.
Aan die einde van die 1970's het die deregulering van die lugdiensbedryf begin met die goedkeuring van die Airline Deregulation Act in 1978 in die Verenigde State. Dit het gelei tot 'n daling in kaartjiepryse, wat lugreise toeganklik gemaak het vir baie van die middelklas in ontwikkelde lande. vir die eerste keer. Die koms van sterker wette teen diskriminasie in Westerse lande gedurende die tydperk het dit egter onwettig gemaak om die huur van kajuitpersoneel van 'n bepaalde ouderdom of geslag te bevoordeel, wat 'n einde gemaak het aan die era van jong, aantreklike rentmeesters. Die laer kaartjiepryse sou ook neerkom op 'n daling in diensstandaarde in die ekonomiese klas, aangesien lugdienste nou minder fieterjasies kon aanbied in ruil vir beter pryse. In die 1990's het die Europese Unie het 'n toenemend "oop lug" -beleid aanvaar, wat - tesame met privatisering van die vlagdraers, die koms van hoë spoed spoor en die val van die ystergordyn - het gelei tot 'n intens mededingende mark wat nog steeds nie in 'n stabiele ewewig gesit het nie.
In die negentigerjare is die vervaardiging van kommersiële vliegtuie gekonsolideer tot die duopol van Boeing, gebaseer in die Verenigde State, en Airbus, gebaseer in Western Europa. Alhoewel die vervaardiging van groot kommersiële vliegtuie steeds oorheers word deur die twee bogenoemde maatskappye, is die mark vir kleiner streeksvliegtuie meer mededingend, met die belangrikste vervaardigers van Brasilië. Embraer, Kanada s'n Bombardier en Frankryk s'n Avions de transport regional (ATR)Alhoewel die plaaslike stralerafdelings van die vorige twee onderskeidelik deur Boeing en Airbus verkry is. Russiese en Chinese vervaardigers (met die hulp en sommige wat regstreeks deur hul onderskeie regerings besit word) doen moeite om die plaaslike vliegtuigmark te betree en uiteindelik selfs die Airbus-Boeing-duopolie van groter vliegtuie uit te daag, maar tot dusver was dit nog nie almal nie wat suksesvol is buite hul eie lande.
Aan die begin van die 21ste eeu het begrotingsdraers eksponensieel uitgebrei, waarvan die bekendste was Southwest Airlines in die Verenigde State, Ryanair in Europa en AirAsia in Suidoos-Asië. Hierdie lugrederye bied 'n ongemaklike diens aan met die prys van onderstaande kaartjies, met die opsie om ekstra te betaal vir sommige van die franje wat in diensverskaffers aangebied word, wat lugreise uiteindelik toeganklik maak vir baie van die werkersklas. Dit het die lugdiensbedryf tot in sy kern geskud, wat gelei het tot die bankrotskap van talle luukse lugdienste wat nie kon meeding nie, en baie van die oorlewendes het die diens in ekonomiese klas verder besnoei om mededingende pryse aan te bied by die begrotingsdraers. . Terselfdertyd ding baie lugdienste mee om die luuksste aan te bied eerste en besigheidsklas produkte, met die bekendstelling van leë-sitplekke in langafstand-sakeklas. Dit het gelei tot die moderne neiging waarin lugdienste al hoe meer fieterjasies van ekonomieklas verwyder om koste te bespaar, en terselfdertyd al hoe luukser produkte van eerste en sakeklas aanbied.
Laekoste-lugrederye benut egter ook talle subsidies en onderhandse saketaktieke. Lughawens soos Hahn (Duitsland) het nooit wins gemaak nie en kan nooit hoop nie. As plaaslike politici landingskoste verhoog, laat vaar die lugredery die lughawe. So ook is vlieëniers baie kort tyd by 'n lugdiens en betaal hulle baie minder as die gemiddelde in die bedryf. Sommige lugdienste gaan selfs so ver as die implementering van 'betaal om te vlieg' waar vlieëniers moet betaal vir die 'voorreg' om die vlugure wat nodig is om hul lisensie te behou, op te neem. In 2017 het Ryanair verskeie dinge gebeur wat hul sakemodel in twyfel getrek het, insluitend stakingspogings en 'n ernstige tekort aan vlieëniers wat nie met vakansie was nie. Mededinging van hoëspoed-spore blyk die enigste ernstige bedreiging vir lugvaart te wees as 'n vervoermiddel in die 21ste eeu. Baie roetes in Asië en Europa, waar treine nou vier uur of minder van die middestad na die middestad duur, het gesien hoe lugdienste gedwing word om pryse te verlaag, die frekwensie te verminder of die mark heeltemal te laat vaar. Op dieselfde tyd lugspooralliansies het verseker dat sommige lugdienste in staat is om onekonomiese voedervlugte te verminder en dit deur treine te vervang.
Sien
Australië
- 1 Sentrum vir lugvaart-erfenis (Darwin), ☏ 61 8 8947 2145. Die Aviation Heritage Centre het 'n indrukwekkende versameling vliegtuie en uitstallings wat die gebied se betrokkenheid by lugvaart uitbeeld vanaf die vroeë pioniers tot die straaltydperk. Die prysuitstalling is 'n B-52 bommenwerper op permanente lening van die Amerikaanse lugmag, een van slegs twee wat buite die VS op die publiek vertoon word. Die sentrum is 8 km van die stad Darwin af en is op die terrein van hewige luggevegte tydens die Tweede Wêreldoorlog.
- 2 Qantas-stigtersmuseum, Longreach Lughawe (op die snelweg, oos van die stad). Dit is nie verbonde aan Qantas nie, maar dit vier hul vroeë jare in die stad waarvandaan hulle begin het. 'N Verskeidenheid geskiedenis en statiese uitstallings. Bied duur, maar interessante toere deur 'n ex-Qantas 707 en 747-200, insluitend vlerkwandelinge en toegang tot die onderwa. 'N Waardige pelgrimsoord vir luggeesdriftiges. $21 .
Brasilië
- 3 Brasiliaanse lugvaartmuseum (Museu Aeroespacial), Gem. Marechal Fontenelle - Sulacap (Rio de Janeiro / Zona Norte), ☏ 55 21 2108-8954. Di-F 09: 00-15: 00, naweke 09: 30-16: 00. Geopen as Campo dos Afonsos vliegveld, is dit die "bakermat van die Brasiliaanse militêre lugvaart" en die plek van die eerste lugvaartorganisasie wat in Brasilië geskep is: Aeroclube do Brasil (Vliegklub van Brasilië), op Oktober 1911. Deesdae is die gebied een van die belangrikste lugbase van die Brasiliaanse lugmag, met die aangrensende museum wat 'n goeie versameling vliegtuie, enjins, ens. Bevat, insluitend replika's van Santos-Dumont se hoofmasjiene. , die 14-bis en die Demoiselle.
- 4 Cabangu Museum (Santos-Dumont se geboorteplek) (16 km vanaf Santos Dumont, Minas Gerais). Die huis waar Alberto Santos-Dumont gebore is, in sy gesin se koffieplaas, is nou 'n museum wat gewy is aan sy kinderjare.
- 5 Santos Dumont se huis ('N Encantada), Rua do Encanto, 22 (Petrópolis), ☏ 55 24 2247 5222. Di-So 09: 00-17: 30 (kaartjie tot 17:00). Hierdie chalet in die Alpynse styl, met die bynaam "The Enchanted", was die somerwoning van Alberto Santos Dumont. Nadat hy 'n skynbaar nuttelose heuwelkerf aangeskaf het, het hy die huis slim ontwerp, na bewering om 'n weddenskap met sy vriende te wen, wat twyfel of dit gedoen kan word; deesdae is dit 'n museum wat sy voorwerpe, boeke, briewe en meubels bevat, asook 'n paar beroemde huishoudelike uitvindings van hom: 'n warm stort met alkohol, en 'n ingangs trap met 'n trappie, wat net gebruik kan word vanaf die regterkant voet. Daar is ook die Centro Cultural 14a, verbonde aan die huis, waar u 'n kort film oor hom kan kyk. Die ruimte het tasbare modelle en toeganklikheid vir besoekers met spesiale behoeftes. R $ 8 (volle prys), R $ 4 (halfprys).
Kanada
- 6 Nasionale lugmagmuseum van Kanada (voorheen bekend as die RCAF Memorial Museum), 220 RCAF Road, CFB Trenton (8 vleuel) (Trenton, Ontario), ☏ 1 613-965-RCAF (7223), tolvry: 1-866-701-7223. 10:00 tot 17:00. Gewy aan die behoud van die geskiedenis van die Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF). Geopen op 1 April 1984 op die RCAF se 60ste bestaansjaar. Die tuiste van 'n groot versameling RCAF-vliegtuie en artefakte, insluitend die enigste Halifax Bomber in Noord-Amerika. Vry.
- 7 Gander Internasionale Lughawe, 1000 James Boulevard (Gander, Newfoundland en Labrador), ☏ 1 709-256-6677. Sodra dit die belangrikste tussenpunt vir trans-Atlantiese vlugte tussen Noord-Amerika en Europa was, het dit sedertdien drasties afgeneem omdat die vooruitgang in tegnologie gelei het tot vliegtuie met 'n lang afstand wat ononderbroke tussen die grootste Europese en Noord-Amerikaanse stede kan vlieg. Die terminale gebou in die 1950's oorleef egter, en Gander se lugverkeerbeheer speel steeds 'n deurslaggewende rol in trans-Atlantiese vlugte. Op 11 September 2001 is baie vlugte deur die lughawe herlei en die plaaslike bevolking het hulle in 'n groot gees van vriendelikheid gehuisves wat op die verskriklike dag in die nuus oor die hele wêreld as een goeie nuus gevier is. Lufthansa (wat die gewoonte het om vliegtuie na Duitse stede te vernoem) het selfs 'n vliegtuig na Gander vernoem ter ere van die stad en sy burgers. Vry.
Sjina
- 8 China Aviation Museum (中国 民航 博物馆; Zhōngguó Mínháng Bówùguǎn), Datangshan, Chanping-distrik (昌平 区 小汤山) (Beijing / Noordelike voorstede. Ongeveer 50 km buite Beijing, (vanaf Oktober 2011), neem die bus 643 vanaf die Tiantongyuan Noord-treinstasie (天通苑 北) op lyn 5). 08:00 tot 17:30. 'N Moet sien vir alle lugvaartliefhebbers. Dit is waarskynlik beter bekend onder die naam Datangshan. Die museum bied meer as 200 uitstallings aan, waarvan baie baie skaars is. Toegang tot die gronduitstallings was gratis (Okt 2011). Daar is 'n toegangsfooi vir die binnenshuise vertoning en hanger ¥ 20, en 'n ekstra ¥ 10 as u aan boord van die vliegtuig van die voorsitter Mao wil gaan en nog 10 ¥ om aan boord van 'n DC-8 (Orbis) te gaan, en ¥ 10 om in 'n MIG te sit 15.
Finland
- 9 Suomen Ilmailumuseo (Finse Lugvaartmuseum), Tietotie 3 (Vantaa), ☏ 358 9 870-0870, ✉[email protected]. 10:00–17:00. Naby die lughawe Helsinki-Vantaa. 'N Museum met meer as 70 vliegtuie (burgerlik en militêr), asook vliegtuigonderdele, toerusting en foto's. €9/6.
- 10 Die Lugvaartmuseum van Sentraal-Finland, Tikkakoskentie 125 (Tikkakoski distrik, 20 km vanaf Jyväskylä na die noorde). Klein vliegtuigvliegtuie en toerusting in 'n museumgebou, veral uit die Tweede Wêreldoorlog. Simulator-ure (Saterdae; Messerschmitt Bf 109) moet vooraf bespreek word. € 10/5; simulator € 40–70.
Frankryk
- 11 Musée de l'air et de l'espace (Le Bourget lughawe) (11 km vanaf Parys). Le Bourget, Londense Croydon en BerlynDie Tempelhof was 'die trio van klassieke Europese lughawens' waarvan die ontwerp 'n invloed gehad het op alle ander wat later gekom het. Dit is bekend as die landingsplek vir Charles Lindbergh se historiese transatlantiese kruising in 1927, en as vertrekpunt twee weke tevore vir die Franse tweedekker The White Bird (L'Oiseau Blanc), wat opgestyg het in sy eie poging tot 'n trans-Atlantiese vlug, maar dan op geheimsinnige wyse verdwyn het (die enigste bekende oorblywende stuk - die onderbroke hooflandingstel - word hier bewaar). Behalwe vir die tweejaarlikse Paris Air Show, is dit ook die belangrikste lugvaartmuseum in Frankryk. Die hoogtepunte daarvan sluit in 'n prototipe van Concorde, en oorblyfsels van die ongewapende P-38 wat Antoine de Saint-Exupéry op sy laaste missie gevlieg het, teruggevind uit die Middellandse See.
- 12 Bagatelle veld (Parys / 16de arrondissement). Terrein van die eerste vlug van Santos-Dumont. 'N Monument is gebou om hierdie prestasie te herdenk.
Duitsland
Duitsland was die eerste derde van die 20ste eeu onder die voorpunt van ligter as lugvlieg, en die naam van graaf Zeppelin staan nog steeds vir 'n rigiede, skelet gebaseerde lugskip (in teenstelling met raamlose blimps). Duitsland het ook gesien dat lugvaartpionier Otto Lilienthal al hoe meer waaghalsige eksperimente doen totdat een hom uiteindelik vermoor het, deels as gevolg van die destyds onvoldoende verstaanbare verskynsel van stalletjie. Nadat Duitsland die Eerste Wêreldoorlog verloor het, het die Verdrag van Versailles streng perke vir bewapening bepaal, waaronder die verbod op 'n lugmag. Selfs gedurende Weimar-tye het die regering egter probeer om die reëls te vermy, en die hulp aan private en burgerlugvaart gedurende die 1920's en 1930's was een manier waarop die verskillende regerings die verbod omseil het. Dit het gelei tot passasiersdienste van hoë aansien (Lufthansa in sy eerste inkarnasie onder hulle) en 'n lugmag (Luftwaffe) in 'n goeie vegvorm kom die Tweede Wêreldoorlog. Saam met nuwe en verbeterde tenks het laasgenoemde 'n rewolusie gemaak in oorlogvoering teen honderdduisende lewens. Toe die Nazi's aan die bewind gekom het, het hulle ook aangemoedig om as 'n stokperdjie te sweef om 'n voorraad jong mans op te stel wat vertroud is met lugdinamika en die basiese beginsels van 'goedkoop' vlieg en om verbodsbepalings van die Versailles-verdrag te omseil. Vandag vorm die oorblyfsels van die maatskappye wat die Duitse lugvaart gelei het, die kern van Airbus, een van die twee grootste vliegtuigvervaardigers in die wêreld, en selfs die Zeppelin-maatskappy is nog steeds besig om klein semi-rigiede lugskepe te bou (basies met 'n kiel) as 'n kant waag.
- 13 Dornier Museum, Claude-Dornier-Platz 1 (naby die Friedrichshafen lughawe). Mei-Oktober (somer): daagliks 09: 00-17: 00. Nov-Apr (winter): Di-So 10: 00-17: 00, M gesluit. Almal kan 'n pionier wees - dit is die kernboodskap van die Dornier Museum Friedrichshafen, wat in die somer van 2009 geopen is, en 'n 100 jaar lange geskiedenis van lugvaart en lugvaart bied as 'n boeiende ervaring. Die buitengewone argitektuur bied slaapplek vir byna 400 uitstallings op 5000 m², waaronder 12 oorspronklike vliegtuie, 7 uitstallings van ruimtereise en 'n volgrootte model. € 9 volwassenes, € 4,50 kinders, € 7 toegewings.
- 14 Zeppelin Museum, Seestraße 22 (Friedrichshafen). Hierdie museum is geleë in die historiese hawestasiegebou en bied die wêreld se grootste versameling op die gebied van lugskipgeskiedenis, konstruksie en reis. Onder dieselfde dak kan u 'n belangrike versameling kuns besoek wat dateer uit die laat Middeleeue tot vandag. Die belangrikste trekpleister is die 33 m lange rekonstruksie van 'n deel van die LZ 129 Hindenburg in sy oorspronklike grootte, waarop besoekers kan klim, net soos die oorspronklike passasiers in die dertigerjare gedoen het. Die outentieke passasierkamers gee 'n indruk van hoe mense gereis het gedurende die tydperk van die "silwer reuse". Twee hele verdiepings van die Zeppelin Museum is gewy aan verskillende aspekte van die geskiedenis en tegnologie van Zeppelin. Benewens die permanente uitstalling, organiseer die museum spesiale geleenthede en tydelike uitstallings. Die Zeppelin-maatskappy bied ook aan toere met 'n moderne lugskip vervaardig deur Zeppelin, hoewel nie a Zeppelin in die tegnologiese sin (dit wil sê die struktuur word nie deur 'n binneste geraamte gehou nie, hoewel dit wel 'n kiel het) vanaf € 200 per pop. € 8 volwassenes, € 4 toegewings.
- 15 [dooie skakel]Luftwaffenmuseum der Bundeswehr (Duitse lugmagmuseum; RAF Gatow), Flugplatz Gatow 33 (Berlyn / Noord; Neem die bus 135 vanaf S U Rathaus Spandau). Op 'n voormalige vliegveld Luftwaffe en Royal Air Force (RAF), RAF Gatow, wat tot 1994 die derde lughawe in Wes-Berlyn was. Die museum fokus op militêre geskiedenis, veral die geskiedenis van die Luftwaffe van die Bundeswehr, met 'n versameling van meer as 200 000 items, waaronder 155 vliegtuie, 5 000 uniforms en 30 000 boeke. Daar is ook uitstallings (insluitend vliegtuie) oor die geskiedenis van die vliegveld toe dit deur die RAF gebruik is. Vliegtuie bevat reproduksies van Otto Lilienthal se sweeftuie, van die Eerste Wêreldoorlogvliegtuie soos die Fokker E.III-drievliegtuig, en die Tweede Wêreldoorlogvliegtuie soos die Bf 109 en Me-262, asook minstens een vliegtuig van elke soort wat ooit diens gedoen het. in die lugmagte van Oos- en Wes-Duitsland. Die meeste van die naoorlogse vliegtuie word egter buite op die teer en aanloopbane geberg, en baie is in 'n slegte toestand. Daar is langtermyn-restourasieprojekte, insluitend 'n Focke-Wulf Fw 190.
- 16 Auto & Technik Museum (naby aan Sinsheim; vanaf die afrit 33 of 34 op die A6 Autobahn aangedui.). daagliks oop. Het interessante uitstallings met baie oesjaar- en historiese motors, motorfietse, ander masjinerie en 'n uitgebreide versameling vliegtuie, waaronder 'n Russiese Tupolev 144 en Anglo-French Concorde.
- 17 Otto Lilienthal Museum, Ellbogenstraße 1 (Anklam, Mecklenburg-Wes-Pommere), ☏ 49-3971-245500, ✉[email protected]. Daagliks 10: 00-17: 00. Opgestel op die geboorteplek van Lilienthal, gestig in 1927. Op die tentoonstelling is verskillende voorwerpe wat deel uitmaak van die lewe en werk van Otto Lilienthal, opstelle, dokumente, waaronder 'n foto-argief, replika's en modelle van alle bekende sweeftuie en vliegtuie van Lilienthal, en 'n groot versameling van hangvliegtuie en vliegtuigmodelle. Verder toon dit die geskiedenis van die broers Otto en Gustav Lilienthal, baie produktiewe uitvinders van stoomenjins, speelgoed, sowel as inisieerders van talle sosiale en kulturele projekte. Otto Lilienthal was die naamgenoot van die ontbinde Tegel-lughawe in Berlyn.
- 18 Internasionale Lughawe Tegel (Flughafen Berlyn-Tegel "Otto Lilienthal"), Berlyn / Reinickendorf en Spandau. Tegel was die lughawe vir die Franse sektor en later die dominante lughawe van Wes-Berlyn tydens die Koue Oorlog. Dit is as 'n dubbele seshoek beplan, hoewel daar ooit net een seshoek gebou is (Terminal A) plus twee nie-seshoekige terminale (Terminale C en D). Dit het sy bedrywighede op 8 November 2020 beëindig. Weens wetlike en veiligheidsredes sal Tegel nog ses maande lank vir lugverkeer in gebruik geneem word, sonder om enige geskeduleerde dienste te hanteer, voordat hy op 3 Mei 2021 as lugvaartfasiliteit ontslaan word. Die minderjarige militêre gebied aan die noordekant van Tegel sal nog tot 2029 vir regeringshelikoptervlugte gebruik word; die hoofterminaal sal deur 'n universiteit vir toegepaste wetenskappe oorgeneem word.
- 19 Tempelhof-lughawe, Berlyn / Tempelhof en Neukölln (Neem U6 na "Platz der Luftbrücke", "Paradestraße" of "Tempelhof" om die park binne te gaan.). Sonsopkoms tot sonsondergang. Die "moeder van alle lughawens", volgens Sir Norman Foster, is 'n groot oorblyfsel van die vooroorlogse era. Eerste vlugte op die destydse paradegrond is reeds in die eerste dekade van die 20ste eeu onderneem voordat dit in die 1920's 'n volledige lughawe geword het met hooggeplaastes soos president Friedrich Ebert onder die eerste passasiers. Tempelhof was een van die eerste lughawens met 'n groot terminale gebou (destyds die grootste gebou in die wêreld voordat dit deur die Pentagon oortref is), die eerste wat gekoppel is aan die stedelike spoornetwerk van sy stad (die Berlijnse U-Bahn ) en was 'n belangrike brandpunt van die koue oorlog, insluitend 'n vlug wat deur Poolse LOT uitgevoer is, bedoel vir (Oos-) Berlyn-Schönefeld wat daar gekaap en ontvoer sou word om uit die Ooste na die Weste te ontsnap. Die ikoniese terminale gebou (gebou gedurende die Nazi-era) was die brandpunt van die Berlynse lugbrug (Berliner Luftbrücke) in 1948-49. In 1951 is 'n monument by die ingangsplein gevoeg - wat dan die naam "Airlift Square" genoem is om die lugverhogings oor die Berlynse blokkade te herdenk. Die lughawe was te sien in films soos Billy Wilder's Een twee drie. Tempelhof het op 30 Oktober 2008 as 'n lughawe gesluit. Deesdae is die vliegveld 'n ruim park met baie besoekers in die somer en herfs. Die terminale gebou is steeds fassinerend - die sale en naburige geboue, wat bedoel is om die poort na Europa te word, is steeds bekend onder die grootste geboude entiteite wêreldwyd. Die terminale gebou word gebruik as 'n plek vir modeweke of kermisse. Tempelhof, in die 21ste eeu, was 'n politieke knoppie: dit was eers die onderwerp van 'n mislukte stemreg om dit as 'n lughawe oop te hou. 'N Paar jaar later was 'n stembusmaatreël om nuwe konstruksie aan die buitewyke te voorkom suksesvol, wat die stedelike oop ruimte bewaar het ten koste van 'n verergerde behuisingstekort. Die park is gratis; begeleide toer in die gebou € 15.
- 20 Cargolifter Hall (Tropiese eilande) (gaan suid vanaf Berlyn-Schönefeld vir ongeveer 50 km op die A 13 (Berlyn-Dresden) Autobahn; daar is langafstand busdiens en ook 'n gratis pendelbus vanaf die Brand-treinstasie). Dit is een van die oorblyfsels van een van die nuuskierigste hoofstukke uit die semi-rigiede lugskipgeskiedenis. Gedurende die 1990's en vroeë 2000's het dit gelyk asof rigiede lugskepe 'n terugkeer vir vrag gemaak het. Zeppelin het eintlik weer begin om lugskepe te bou (alhoewel geen met 'n volledige binneskelet nie), maar alle oë was gerig op 'n opstart wat belowe het om groot dinge te doen met 'n nuwe vraglugskip en beleggersgeld ingesamel het om die droom te verwesenlik. Na die bou van 'n skaalmodel en 'n reuse lugskipsaal in die nêrens van die platteland Brandenburg, moes die maatskappy erken dat hulle die koste van hul poging onderskat het, en omdat daar nie meer geld beskikbaar was nie, het die maatskappy in 2002 gesluit. Maar alles het nie verlore gegaan nie, aangesien 'n belegger die lugskipsaal opgekoop het; om nie lugskepe op te slaan nie, let wel - daar is verbasend min vraag daaraan - hulle het een van die grootste binnenshuise swembad- / landskapbesienswaardighede gebou. Na daardie Die onderneming het 'n paar finansiële probleme ondervind wat blykbaar voorlopig gestabiliseer het, en hoewel dit nie sy lugvaartverwante geskiedenis bevorder nie, is die saal tog indrukwekkend en besoekers kan 'n blik kry op die groot omvang van die lugskip wat nog nooit was nie.
- 21 Hamburg Finkenwerder-lughawe. Airbus, as 'n Europese maatskappy met verskillende Europese state as belanghebbendes, vervaardig hul vliegtuie regdeur Europa, maar Finkenwerder is waar klante hul nuwe vliegtuie kry. Die lughawe word ook gebruik vir vlugte deur die Airbus-maatskappy, en u kan 'n begeleide toer kry.
- 22 Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schleißheim (Oberschleißheim noord van München). Deel van die Deutsches Museum, 'n museum wat deur die visioenêre Oscar von Miller opgerig is met die effens megalomaniese voorstel om 'n 'museum van alles (tegnologie)' te wees. Terwyl die belangrikste museum in München / Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt nog 'n paar uitstallings bevat wat verband hou met die ruimtevaart, het die meeste vliegtuie te groot geword vir die hoofmuseum en word hier dus gehuisves buite München.
Indië
- 23 Indiese lugmagmuseum (aangrensend aan die Palam Lugmagstasie in Delhi). Die uitstallingsgalery bevat historiese foto's, memorabilia, uniforms en persoonlike wapens van die Indiese lugmag vanaf sy ontstaan in 1932. Hierdie galery lei na 'n hangar wat klein vliegtuie en lugmagbates soos lugafweerkanonne, voertuie en wapens uitstal. Groter vliegtuie word buite die hangar uitgestal, saam met verskeie oorlogstrofees, radartoerusting en gevange voertuie.
- 24 (Vasco da Gama, aangrensend aan die Dabolim-lughawe). Di-So 10:00 - 17:00. Hierdie museum bevat uitstallings wat die evolusie van die Indiese vlootarm oor dekades vertoon. Dit is in twee hoofdele verdeel, 'n buiteluguitstalling en 'n binnegalery met twee verdiepings. This is a great place to see vintage aircraft like the Sealands, Doves, Alizes, Seahawks, Vampires, a Super Constellation and Hughes helicopters, along with the relatively newer Sea Harriers. It claims to be the only one of its kind in Asia. Toegang is gratis.
Italië
- 25 Italian Air Force Museum (Museo Storico Aeronautica Militare), Vigna Di Valle (on the southernmost point of Lake Bracciano, between Bracciano and Anguillara), ☏ 39 0699887509, ✉[email protected]. Tu-Su 09:30-16:30 in winter and 09:30-17:30 in summer. A superb collection of planes housed in the hangars of Italy's first seaplane base. Exhibits range from the pioneers of flight and World War I fighters up to Italian military planes of the present day. This is one of the largest collections of its type in the world, really well displayed. Vry.
- 26 Leonardo da Vinci Museum vir Wetenskap en Tegnologie (Museo Nazionale della Scienza e della Tecnologia), S.Vittorestraat (Milaan / Wes, reachable by bus or subway, line MM2 Sant'Ambrogio Station). San Vittore al Corpo is in 'n voormalige klooster aangebied. The Air Transport section exhibits several airplanes, including a Farman 1909 replica and an original Macchi MC 205 V used during World War II. There are also modern military aircraft, like an Italian Fiat G.91, a North American F-86K and a Republic F-84F Thunderstreak.
- 27 Gianni Caproni Aeronautical Museum (Museo dell’Aeronautica Gianni Caproni), Via Lidorno, 3 (Trento, adjacent to the airport), ☏ 39 461-944 888. Italy's oldest aviation museum, and the country's oldest corporate museum, established in 1927. Just outside the museum and airport, a Lockheed F-104G Starfighter is pointed to the sky, and stands as a gate guardian.
Japan
- 28 Museum of Aeronautical Science (航空科学博物館 kōkū kagaku hakubutsukan) (Narita, about 15min by bus from Narita-lughawe (JR/Keisei Station).), ☏ 81 479 78-0557. Tu-Su 10AM-5PM., Closed year end and new years holidays. The Museum of Aeronautical Science displays relevant artifacts to the aviation history of Japan, including aircraft. Also of note is the observation deck on the fifth floor, with views over Narita Airport. From here you can watch aircraft landing and departing, log numbers, and take photographs.
- 29 Tokorozawa Aviation Museum (所沢航空発祥記念館), 1-13 Namiki (Tokorozawa), ☏ 81 4-2996-2225, faks: 81 4-2996-2531. 09:30 tot 17:00. Japan's first airfield, which started operations in 1911 with a flight by Yoshitoshi Tokugawa. The original single runway is still visible and has been incorporated into the larger multifunction Tokorozawa Aviation Memorial Park, adjacent to the museum. It contains aircraft and other displays (many of which interactive), and an IMAX theatre.
Letland
- 30 Riga Aviation Museum (By Riga-Spilve International Airport). 09:00-18:00. Bored at the airport? Check out the Riga Aviation museum, which contains several rare aircraft. €5.
Nieu-Seeland
- 31 Omaka Aviation Heritage Centre, 79 Aerodrome Rd, Blenheim (Nieu-Seeland) (beside Omaka Aerodrome (not Blenheim Airport) 5 km from town, route sign-posted off SH6), ☏ 64 3 579 1305, ✉[email protected]. Daily 10AM-5PM (last entry 4PM) except 25–26 Dec. Collection of World War I planes lovingly restored and captured in realistic settings. Part of the attraction is the association of Peter Jackson (of Lord of the Rings fame) and Weta Workshop with the display. His team has turned what could be just a collection of planes into a drama enjoyed by even those with little interest in aviation or military history. Worth it. Has a cafe. Adult $25, child (5–14) $10, concessions available.
Pole
- 32 Polish Aviation Museum (Muzeum Lotnictwa), al. Jana Pawła II 39 (Czyżyny district, Kraków/East), ☏ 48 12 640 99 60. Tu-Su 09:00 - 17:00. A museum consisting of a new pavilion (good contemporary architecture) and few hangars filled with over two hundred historic gliders, aircraft, helicopters and more. Among them is a collection of 22 extremely rare antique planes that once belonged to Hermann Göring. The museum stands on the grounds of the Rakowice-Czyżyny airfield, one of the oldest military airfields in Europe. Tuesdays free.
Rusland
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- 33 Museum van die Groot Patriotiese Oorlog (Центральный музей Великой Отечественной войны), Ploschad Pobedy (Площадь Победы), 3 (Moskou / buitewyke, M: Park Pobedy). Di-So 10: 00-19: 00, Do 10: 00-20: 00. Impressive museum, features an external section with displays of vintage Soviet aircraft flown in World War II. - Adults RUB200, Seniors, students RUB100.
- 34 Memorial Museum of Astronautics (Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics of Memorial Museum of Space Exploration,), Prospekt Mira (просп. Мира), 111 (Moskou / buitewyke, M:VDNkH (ВДНХ) or Monorail), ☏ 7 (495) 683-7968, ✉[email protected]. Di-So 11: 00-19: 00. A museum in Moscow, dedicated to space exploration.- The museum contains a wide variety of space-related exhibits and models which explore the history of flight; sterrekunde; verkenning van die ruimte; ruimtetegnologie; en ruimte in die kunste. The museum's collection holds approximately 85,000 different items.
- 35 Central Air Force Museum (Центральный музей Военно-воздушных сил РФ) (Monino, East Moscow Oblast, about 40 km east of Moscow. Take a local train from the Yaroslavl Station in Moscow.). W-F 09:30-13:30, 14:15-17:00, Sa Su 09:00-14:00. 173 Russian and Soviet military planes and 127 engines, including rarities and prototypes, are on display in the Central Air Force museum. In addition you can see uniforms, weapons and other air force equipment. Descriptions of exhibits are for the most part in Russian only, with some English translations available. The museum is on a military base, so there's identity check on entry (foreigners no longer need a special permit). Check if the museum is open before visiting, it was planned to close for an unspecified time in the summer 2016 but it has still received reviews in September 2016.
Singapoer
- 36 Kallang Airport, 9 Kallang Airport Way. Singapore's first purpose-built civil aviation airport, opened in 1937 and regarded as one of finest in the Britse ryk at the time of its opening. It was a major stop on the "Kangaroo Route" between Londen en Sydney for both Qantas and BOAC. Malayan Airways, the precursor of today's award-winning Singapore Airlines, was founded here in 1947. It was closed in 1955 after the completion of a new airport at Paya Lebar, though the Art Deco terminal building still stands, and the former runway survives in part as a public road known as Old Airport Road. British Airways and Qantas continue to operate their London-Sydney flights with a stop in Singapore, albeit using the much bigger and more modern Changi Airport. vry.
Swede
- 37 , Kabinvägen, Hangar 4 airside (Stockholm Arlanda-lughawe), ☏ 46 8-593 600 33. Tu Th 10:00-15:00, or by appointment. Aircraft, uniforms and furnishing from early Scandinavian aviation.
- 38 Sweedse lugmagmuseum (Flygvapenmuseum), Carl Cederströms gata 2 (Linköping), ☏ 46 13-495 97 00. The museum in the suburb of Malmen features over a hundred aircraft from the early 20th century to the modern age.
Oekraïne
- 39 Ukrainian State Aviation Museum (Державний музей авіації України (Жуляни)), Medovaya str., 1 (Kiev, inside the old Zhulyany Airport), ☏ 380 44 241-2583, 380 44 461-6485, 380 44 451-8314, ✉[email protected]. Many impressive Soviet civil and military aircraft on display, including an An-2, Tu-104, Il-62, Il-76, an Il-86 and constantly improving. The museum is opposite to the airport terminal, which is an industrial zone. To get there, you can either take Trolleybus #9 from the main train station - Kyiv Passazhyrskyi (South exit)/Vokzalna metro stop or #22 from Shuliavska (Шулявська) metro station, both until Sevastopolska Square. From there, take the minibus 220 that will take you straight to the museum (last stop). Walking in the surrounding area after dark is not advisable as the area is poorly lit and stray dogs are present. 50 грн.
Verenigde Koninkryk
- 40 Royal Air Force Museum London (former RAF Hendon airfield), Grahame Park Way, Londen NW9 5LL, ☏ 44 20 8205-2266. A nationally important collection of military aircraft, including a few that served with the RAF's foes. Free (but parking charges apply).
- 41 Imperial War Museum Duxford (RAF Duxford) (naby Cambridge). This World War II airfield, the main filming location for the famous Slag van Brittanje movie with Michael Caine, nowadays houses the Imperial War Museum's aircraft collection, and is the largest aviation museum in Europe, featuring a fleet of lovingly mantained Spitfires and Tiger Moths that fly almost daily. As well as military aircraft, it houses a large collection of non-military aircraft including a Concorde. There is also a land warfare museum attached that has many examples of armoured vehicles from the First World War onwards. A proper visit needs a full day. Bus Citi 7 takes about an hour to get there from the city centre or the bus station. Make sure that you board the Citi 7 bus that says Duxford as the Citi 7 bus also goes to two other places. Also note the time of the last bus to leave the museum as later buses go to the village of Duxford but not out to the museum. Flight shows are sometimes held; these days will be very busy.
- 42 Farnborough Air Sciences Trust Museum (VINNIG), Trenchard House, 85 Farnborough Road, GU14 6TF (Farnborough, Hampshire), ☏ 44 1252 375050. Sa Su bank holiday M 10AM-4PM. The birthplace of British aviation, Farnborough was used for research and development of balloon technology as early as the 1880s. After the first powered flight in Britain in 1908, the town became heavily involved in the aerospace industry, and saw many landmark moments throughout the 20th century, including one of the claimants for first jet aircraft, and the development of Anglo-French supersonic airliner Concorde. The FAST Museum charts this history, and you can also visit other sites and monuments connected to the industry around town. Vry.
- The Shuttleworth Collection (naby Biggleswade). Collection of vintage aircraft.
- 43 National Museum of Flight Scotland, East Fortune Airfield EH39 5LF (off A1 near Haddington east of Edinburgh). Apr-Okt daagliks 10: 00-17: 00, Nov-Mrt Sa So: 10: 00-16: 00. 4 hangars of aircraft, including Concorde G-BOAA. Adult £12.
Verenigde State
- 44 Wright Brothers National Memorial, 1000 Noord-Kroatische snelweg (Kitty Hawk, Noord-Carolina), ☏ 1-252-441-7430. Dsily 9AM–5PM (closed on Dec 25). Vier en verduidelik die eerste suksesvolle beheerde, volgehoue, aangedrewe, swaarder-as-lug-vlugte wat die Wright-broers hier in 1903 uitgevoer het. Die besoekersentrum het 'n model van die oorspronklike vliegtuig en interpretatiewe gesprekke. Buite wys klipmerke die begin- en eindpunte van die eerste vier vlugte. The adjacent First Flight Airport (KFFA) offers a 3000' runway for day use, with tie-downs but no fuel or other services. In vergelyking met die tyd van die eerste vlug, het Kill Devil Hill 'n entjie suidwaarts verskuif weens wind en is hy met gras geplant om dit op sy plek te hou. It is topped by an art deco monument to the Wright brothers, and Orville attended its dedication. Follow US Highway 158 to mile 7.5, turn west into Memorial. $ 7 / volwassene, kinders van 15 jaar of jonger gratis, gratis met passe.
- 45 National Air and Space Museum, 655 Jefferson Dr SW (Washington DC), ☏ 1 202 633-1000. 10AM-5:30PM daily, except December 25. The most-visited museum in the U.S., with over 8 million visitors per year, this impressive repository covers the history of human flight, rocketry and space flight. It contains thousands of impressive artifacts, including the Wright brothers' 1903 Flyer, Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis, Apollo 11's command module Columbia, and the simulated bridge of an aircraft carrier. Free Admission.
- 46 Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center - National Air and Space Museum (Dulles Air and Space Museum), 14390 Air and Space Museum Parkway (Chantilly, Virginia, near Dulles International Airport), ☏ 1 202 357-2200. This branch of the Smithsonian museum opened in 2003 to house many illustrious air/spacecraft that would not fit into the 1976 museum in the Mall. The Udvar-Hazy collection includes the SR-71 "Blackbird" spy plane, the Concorde supersonic jet, the B-29 Enola gay van Hiroshima fame, the Super Constellation, and the space shuttle Ontdekking. In addition, the museum contain an observation tower and an IMAX theater. The museum is free; there is a charge for the IMAX. Parking is available for $15/vehicle..
- 47 , 1750 Radford Blvd (Pensacola, Florida), ☏ 1 850 452-3604. 09:00 tot 17:00. The Naval Aviation Museum is the most popular tourist destination in Pensacola, and it offers a comprehensive look at the history of flight in the Navy, Coast Guard, and Marine Corps. The 150 beautifully restored aircraft are the biggest draw here; make sure to check out the Blue Angels jets hanging in the atrium, and the only C-130 Hercules to have ever landed on an aircraft carrier. Kids will enjoy the flight simulator, and the IMAX theater shows a visually stunning documentary, the History of Flight. Practice demonstrations by the United States Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron, the Blue Angels, may be viewed from the museum most Tuesday and Wednesday mornings between March and November. These practices are weather permitting, and a tentative practice schedule may be viewed on the Blue Angels’ website. Free, but donations welcome. $8 for IMAX tickets..
- 48 National Museum of the U.S. Air Force, 1100 Spaatz St (Dayton, Ohio), ☏ 1 937 258-1218, faks: 1 937 258-3816. 9AM-5PM daily, closed fourth Th of Nov, 25 Dec, and 1 Jan. The world's largest military aviation museum with over 300 aircraft on display from the earliest days of aviation to modern prototypes. It is well maintained and interesting even for non aviation buffs. Highlights include the B-2 stealth bomber, a Mercury space capsule, and the very cool V-22 Osprey tilt-rotor craft. Vry.
- 49 , 22156 Three Notch Rd (Lexington Park, Maryland 20653; Take MD-4 south, then turn right on MD-235). Patuxent River Naval Air Station is the Navy's primary aircraft test facility. Virtually every aircraft flown by the Navy since World War II has been tested at Pax River. The base is, of course, not open to the public, but you can visit the Naval Air Museum without coming onto the main base. It includes a large collection of jet-age Navy aircraft, including the F-4J Phantom II, the F-14A Tomcat, F/A-18A Hornet, S-3B Viking, E-2B Hawkeye, AV-8B Harrier II, and the two experimental aircraft that competed for the Joint Strike Fighter contract, the Boeing X-35C and the Lockheed-Martin X-32B. Visitors can walk up and touch the aircraft. Museum exhibits also include flight motion simulators. Vry; donation requested.
- 50 Pima Air & Space Museum, 6000 E Valencia Rd (Tucson, Arizona), ☏ 1 520-574-0462. Daily 9AM-5PM (last admission at 4PM); geslote danksegging en kersfees. Features over 300 historic aircraft on an 80-acre site with five hangars, two of them devoted to World War II. Veterans and volunteers are often on hand to answer any questions, and there are daily walking tours of the grounds. There is an onsite restaurant. $15.50 (adults), $12.25 (Pima County residents), $12.75 (seniors/military), $9 (children 5-12), free (children under 5).
- Tram Tour, ☏ 1 520-574-0462. As the grounds are so large, a tour tram is offered for those who do not wish to walk. The guided tour lasts one hour and covers 1½ miles and more than 150 planes. Departure times vary, so it is best to call ahead or inquire at the entrance. Price is in addition to museum admission: $6 (adults), free (children under 6).
- 51 Aerospace Maintenance and Regentation Center (AMARC / Boneyard), ☏ 1 520-574-0462. M-F; times vary so best to call ahead. A separate, very interesting tour can be booked to see the Aerospace Maintenance and Regentation Center, located nearby on Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, where 4200 aircraft are stored. As the facility is an active military base, an ID is required (all nationalities welcome). Visitors are not permitted to leave the bus, and non-essential backpacks/camera bags are not permitted (storage is available at the museum). These tours are very popular and cannot be reserved ahead; tickets are sold only on the day of the tour on a first-come basis, so it is best to arrive early. $7 (adults), $4 (children under 13).
- 52 Edwards Air Force Base, 1 S. Rosamond Blvd (Mojave, Kalifornië; take the 14 south to Rosamond, then take Rosamond Blvd. east out of town and follow it directly to the base), ☏ 1 661 277-3510. Edwards AFB is very famous as die American military flight test center, home to Chuck Yeager and co. in the 1950s and 1960s, the scenario to nearly all the action seen in famous movie The Right Stuff: a massive testing and training ground for the USAF and NASA. The Air Force Flight Test Museum is inside the base, and tours are available. See the website for details. Note that this is an active military base so ID will be required and visitors may be required to submit to a search. Edwards AFB is best known for being similar to Area 51, but usually most of the time, test and experimental aircraft will come out of the hangar to experiment. This Air force base was built in 1933 and opened for use in 1948, for the USAF and NACA. In 1958, NACA has been changed to NASA, making Edwards a NASA base. The site of the first Space Shuttle landing, it became a back-up site to the prime landing location, the Shuttle Landing Facility at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
- 53 NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center (Dryden Flight Research Center). Known as the Dryden Flight Research Center until the name was changed in 2014, this center has played an important role in the history of flight. Before NASA, NACA ("National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics") operated and tested the transsonic Douglas Skyrocket. The center also conducted the Controlled Impact Demonstration in 1984, a test in which a Boeing 720 aircraft was remotely piloted and intentionally crashed in order to study fuel additives meant to reduce fires in the case of a crash. Other experiments have included "aerospike" engines and supersonic rockets. Five lunar landing research vehicles were tested at the base, one of which is available for viewing.
- 54 Aircraft on display. There are a lot of iconic aircraft, such as Balls 8, NASA's venerable B-52 Stratofortress, famous as the X-planes' mothership, on display at the base's North and West gates. Take a lot of pictures of these planes when you are driving or walking in Edwards AFB.
- 55 Rogers Dry Lake. Dry most of the year, the hard surface of the lakebed provides an extension for runways at Edwards, and is home to approximately 16 runways. Many notable aeronautic achievements have taken place above.
- 53 NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center (Dryden Flight Research Center). Known as the Dryden Flight Research Center until the name was changed in 2014, this center has played an important role in the history of flight. Before NASA, NACA ("National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics") operated and tested the transsonic Douglas Skyrocket. The center also conducted the Controlled Impact Demonstration in 1984, a test in which a Boeing 720 aircraft was remotely piloted and intentionally crashed in order to study fuel additives meant to reduce fires in the case of a crash. Other experiments have included "aerospike" engines and supersonic rockets. Five lunar landing research vehicles were tested at the base, one of which is available for viewing.
- 56 Blackbird Air Park, 2503 E. Avenue P (Palmdale, Kalifornië; take Highway 14 or Sierra Highway to Avenue P, turn east, drive to 25th Street East.), ☏ 1 661 274-0884. F-Su (except in inclement weather) from 11AM to 4PM Pacific Time. On Federal Government holidays both airparks are closed. The Blackbird Airpark Museum is an extension of the Air Force Flight Test Museum at Edwards AFB, right next door to the Joe Davies Heritage Airpark (formerly Palmdale Plant 42 Heritage Airpark). Both are manned by retirees who had previously worked in the aerospace industry, some actually having worked on the aircraft displayed at the two parks. All of the aircraft have been carefully restored for public display. View and walk around retired SR-71A (Blackbird), A-12 and U-2 aircraft. Both are free to the public.
- 57 Museum of Flight, 9404 E Marginal Way S (Seattle, Washington; next to the Boeing 737 factory at King County Airport), ☏ 1 206 764-5720. Daily 10AM to 5PM except 1st Thursday of month 10AM to 9PM. Consists of an indoor area that is further divided into the history, jet age, airport operations, and space travel, and an outdoor section where you can sneak inside retired airplanes. The collection includes 131 aircraft and spacecraft ranging from wood and fabric crates to the SR-71, Space Shuttle Trainer, a retired Air-Force One and a Concorde. Tours to the vicinity of the airport inside a van are available, but most spots do not allow cameras for security purposes. The Museum offers a large educational outreach program including weekend family workshops, the Aerospace Camp Experience (ACE) summer day camp, and an aviation high school. $20 adults, $12 youth (5-17), children (4 and under) free, $17 active military and seniors (65 ). Lower fares available for groups of more than 10 people. Free on first Thursday of the month from 5PM until 9PM.
- 58 Future of Flight Aviation Center & Boeing Tour, 8415 Paine Field Blvd., Mukilteo, Washington (van Everett, take I-5 Exit 189, WA Hwy 526 west 4 miles (6.4km), past the huge Boeing building on your right, then at the 4-way stoplight turn left onto Paine Field Blvd and follow signs for the museum), ☏ 1 425-438-8100, tolvry: 1-888-467-4777, faks: 1 425-265-9808, ✉[email protected]. 8:30AM-5:30PM daily, except for a few holidays; tours start 9AM-3PM. Boeing's Everett factory is the world's largest building by interior volume. It is where the Boeing 747, 767, 777, and 787 airliners are made. The factory is viewed from an observation floor, leaving you a few hundred yards/meters from any aircraft, and the tour can be rather bland and commercial. No cameras or electronics allowed on the tour, not even your cell phone! Tours start from the Future of Flight Aviation Center, which has a gallery and theatre presentations which are fairly interesting, but don't take very long to view. On the observation deck of the museum, you can watch planes land and take off from the runway, with air traffic control audible on speakers; aircraft are often being tested before delivery to Boeing's customers. At Paine Field, there are the Boeing tour and these adjacent independent museums. However, if you only have time for one aviation museum on your trip, you might consider skipping this in favor of the Museum of Flight in South Seattle, which is much larger and engaging than the Boeing tour. $15 for museum and tour ($8 for 15 years and under); $9 for museum only. Reservations recommended for tours. Must be 4 feet (122 cm) or taller. Lockers $1 (for storing items not allowed on the tour).
- 59 Historic Flight Foundation (John T. Sessions Historic Aircraft Foundation), 10719 Bernie Webber Dr (Paine Field, Mukilteo, Washington), ☏ 1 425 348-3200, ✉[email protected]. Tu-Su 10AM-5PM. A collection of the most important aircraft produced between 1927 and 1957 (e.g. P-51 Mustang, B-25 Mitchell, Spitfire mk. IX)—all restored and airborne again. $15, $12 senior/military, $10 youth (11-17), kids 10 and under free.
- 60 Flying Heritage Collection, 3407 109th Street SW (Paine Field, Everett, Washington), tolvry: 1-877-FHC-3404 (342-3404). 10AM-5PM; daily from Memorial Day to Labor Day, Tu-Su the rest of the year. Microsoft founder Paul G. Allen's collection of rare military aircraft of the 20th century, which comprises artifacts from Germany, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Collection opened to the public in 2004. $14, $12 seniors/military, $10 youth (6-17), kids 5 and under free.
- 61 The Museum of Flight Restoration Center, 2909 100th St. SW (Paine Field, Everett, Washington). 9AM-4PM; Tu-Sa June–August, Tu-Th and Sa the rest of the year. $5, $3 youth (5-17), kids 4 and under free.
- 62 Museum of Flying, 3100 Airport Ave (by Santa Monica, Kalifornië; Santa Monica Airport (KSMO)), ☏ 1 310-398-2500. F-Su 10AM-5PM. Centered around artifacts from the Douglas Aircraft Company, which used to manufacture iconic aircraft like the DC-3 at the Santa Monica Airport. It includes many aircraft in static display, from a replica Wright Flyer to World War II fighters to the microjet which appeared in the James Bond film Octopussy. "Rides" in a full-motion flight simulator are $8 each. $10 adults.
- 63 Planes of Fame Air Museum, 7000 Merrill Ave. #17 (Chino Airport, Suid-Kalifornië), ☏ 1 909 597-3722. Su-F 10AM-5PM, Sa 9AM-5PM; closed Thanksgiving & Christmas Day. This museum covers the history of flight, from an 1896 Chanute hang glider through the Space Age. Of special note is the largest collection of Japanese aircraft, including the only original Zero fighter still flying (it appears in the famous Tora! Tora! Tora! movie). Many of the aircraft are the only remaining examples of their kind. 12 and up: $11; 5-11: $4; under 5: Free; Seniors (65 ) and Veterans: $10; Active duty military, police, and firefighters: Free.
- 64 Yanks Air Museum, 7000 Merrill Avenue #35-A270 (Chino Airport, Suid-Kalifornië), ☏ 1 909 597-1735. M-Sa 08: 00-16: 00. This museum owns 160 aircraft, including the largest private collection of World War II American fighters and dive bombers in the world. 12 and up: $11; 5-11: $5; under 5: Free; Seniors (65 ): $10.
- 65 La Guardia Marine Air Terminal, 1 Marine Terminal Rd (East Elmhurst, New York 11371; Terminal A at La Guardia Airport, separate access from the main Terminal 'B' from Grand Central Pkwy). Completed in 1939, this Art Deco terminal is part of New York City's LaGuardia Airport, and one of the oldest airport terminals still in active use as the terminal for JetBlue airline.
- 66 Evergreen Aviation and Space Museum, 500 NE Captain Michael King Smith Way (McMinnville, Oregon 97124), ☏ 1 503 434-4180. Daagliks 10: 00-16: 00.
- 67 Tillamook Air Museum, 6030 Hangar Rd (Tillamook, Oregon; Hangar B at the airport which is 4.6 mi (7.4 km) south of town via US Hwy 101 and Long Prairie Rd), ☏ 1 503 842-1130. W-So 10:00 tot 16:00.
- 68 Anchorage International Airport. Once a major stop for aircraft flying from North America and Europe to East Asia, due to the limited range of earlier aircraft, as well as the prohibition on aircraft from the Western Bloc flying into Soviet or Chinese airspace. It has since fallen on harder times with an underutilised international terminal (the North Terminal), as newer aircraft have the range to fly nonstop from major U.S. and Canadian cities into East Asia, and Russia and China have also granted overflight privileges to Western Bloc aircraft since the end of the Cold War. That said, Anchorage remains a major hub for cargo flights between North America and East Asia.
- 69 Air Mobility Command Museum, 1301 Heritage Rd, Dover AFB, Delaware (the museum has its own entrance gate on Rte 9. Just use exit 91 on Rte 1), ☏ 1 302 677-5938. Tu-Su 9AM-4PM. The museum is on the Dover Air Force Base. The museum has a McDonnell Douglas VC-9C jet, serial number 73-1682, that transported America’s top leadership from 1975 until 2011. It was mainly used as Air Force Two, but was occasionally used as Air Force One when Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush visited locations with smaller airports. Free parking and admission.
- 70 Delta Airlines Museum, 1060 Delta Blvd; Bldg. B, Dept. 914, Atlanta, Georgië, ☏ 1 404 715-7886. Tu-Su 9AM-4PM. At the Delta Flight Museum, guests can explore rare aviation artifacts and airplanes, enjoy interactive exhibits, and even pilot a real Boeing 737 flight simulator. They offer regular surplus sales selling aircraft components and equipment used on their flights like the drink carts. Check schedules for when the sales are scheduled. Free parking and admission.
- 71 New Orleans Lakefront Airport, 6001 Stars and Stripes Blvd #219, New Orleans, Louisiana. Originally the main airport serving New Orleans, it was superseded by the current Louis Armstrong Airport in that role in 1946, and today only serves general aviation. The Art Deco terminal building was encased in concrete in the 1960s during the Koue Oorlog so it could function as a bomb shelter, but was restored to its original 1930s appearance starting from 2013. Free parking and admission.
Museum aircraft carriers
- 72 USS Midway Aircraft Carrier Museum, 910 N. Harbor Dr (San Diego / middestad, Kalifornië), ☏ 1 619 544-9600. Daagliks 10: 00-17: 00. Take a self-guided tour of the USS Midway (CV-41), a former aircraft carrier of the US Navy. The Midway is home to a collection of former naval aircraft housed on her expansive flight deck. Guided tours and displays offer a unique look into the life aboard and of a powerful old warhorse. $20 adults, $17 seniors, $15 students, $10 retired military/youth, children under 5 and active military free (discount if purchased online).
- 73 USS Hornet, Pier 3, Alameda Point (Alameda, Kalifornië), ☏ 1 510 521-8448. Die USS Hornet (CV-12) is a retired World War II aircraft carrier that fought numerous battles in the Pacific and also retrieved the astronauts of Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 after splashdown. The ship is run as a museum, with the hangar deck, flight deck, and some other areas open to wander around in, and tours offering the chance to see control rooms, engineering facilities, and other areas of this retired warship.Allow a minimum of three hours; ideally five or more. Admission is $14 for adults, $12 for students.
- 74 USS Yorktown (Patriot's Point) (Mount Pleasant, Suid Carolina; U.S. 17 N from Charleston, right onto Coleman Blvd. Right at first light.), tolvry: 1-866-831-1720. 9AM-6:30PM. Tour the USS Yorktown (CV-10), a decommissioned World War II aircraft carrier that served as recovery ship for the Apollo 8 space mission, and was used in the movies Tora! Tora! Tora! en The Philadelphia Experiment. There are other ships and submarines at the park. $18 adults, $15 seniors/military, $11 children, free for military in uniform. $5 parking.
- 75 USS Lexington Museum on the Bay, 2914 N. Shoreline (Corpus Christi, Texas), tolvry: 1-800-523-9539, faks: 1 361 883-8361, ✉[email protected]. 9AM-5PM Winter, 9AM-6PM Summer, daily except Thanksgiving and Christmas. The very oldest remaining WWII aircraft carrier, commissioned in 1943, the USS Lexington (CV-16) is the recipient of 11 battle stars and the Presidential Unit Citation, now a museum. See naval life, the ship, and aircraft complement. Adults $13.95, Children $6.95, Parking $3.
- 76 Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum, Pier 86, 12th Ave & 46th St (Manhattan/Theater_District), ☏ 1 212 245-0072. Apr-Sep: M-F 10AM-5PM, Sa Su 10AM-6PM; Oct-Mar: Tu-Su 10AM-5PM. Die vliegdekskip USS Intrepid (CV-11) is docked here and loaded with spacecraft and aircraft, including the very cool Blackbird spy plane and the prototype Space Shuttle Onderneming. On the other side of the dock is a guided-missile submarine and a Concorde, both of which you can tour also, and some tanks. The Concorde here is notable for being the one that was once jointly-operated by British Airways and Singapore Airlines in the 1970s, during which it was painted with Singapore Airlines livery on the port side and British Airways livery on the starboard side. $16.50 adult.
Scale-model collections
Ever since there has been aviation, there have been skilled model-makers creating scale representations, with many flying models engineered to the same exacting precision of their full-scale counterparts. Reportedly, 'model' flying machines -such as kites in China- got airborne centuries before manned flight first took place. Whilst a number of the museums mentioned above may have aviation models on show, those noted in this section are specifically scale model collections.
- National Model Aviation Museum, 5151 East Memorial Drive Muncie, Indiana (Indiana, VSA), ☏ 1 765 287-1256 ext 504. $5.
- The Stanzel Model Aircraft Museum, 311 Baumgarten Street, Schulenburg, Texas (Schulenburg, VSA), ☏ 1 979-743-6559.
Doen
The museums listed above may also offer activities like flight simulators, or on special occasions, tour flights.
Gebeurtenisse
Here are some notable air shows around the world, but there are many more. Especially in the United States where there are often several taking place around the country each summer weekend.
- 1 Abbotsford International Air Show, Abbotsford Internasionale lughawe (Trans-Canada Highway 1 to exit 87 (Clearbrook), follow signs for airshow to King Road.). Held the second weekend in August, it attracts visitors from all over the world. Flight demonstrations primarily by Canadian and US craft. Static displays of aircraft, Canadian Forces units, and local police and RCMP detachments.
- 2 Aero India, Bangalore. Held in the second week of February every alternate year (the next one is in 2021), this is Asia's premier air show. Spanning 5 days but open to the public only on the last 3 days (F-Su), the show at Yelahanka Air Force Base in the northern part of Bangalore comprises a defence exhibition and air show. Fighter jets from around the world are on flying and on static display. Normally, there are two air shows every day - one in the morning and the other in the afternoon. Tickets can be purchased online or at select outlets - scan the newspapers for more information. (Purchasing a ticket at outlets requires you to show a photo identification and tickets are non-transferable.)
- 3 Africa Aerospace and Defence Expo, Air Force Base Waterkloof, Pretoria. A combined airshow and trade exhibition, also open to the public, taking place biannually in September. There are planes on display, aerobatics and parachuting shows and hands-on activities for kids.
- 4 Australian International Airshow (Avalon Airshow), Avalon Airport. Described by the organizers as the biggest airshow in the Southern Hemisphere (and the 2017 show had more than 200,000 visitors), it takes place biannually in odd years. Military aircraft from different countries' airforces as far as from the UK and USA are often on display and performing. Manufacturers display new military planes and helicopters, but also civilian planes.
- 5 China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition (中国国际航空航天博览会) (naby die Zhuhai Lughawe), ☏ 86 756 3375602, faks: 86 756 3376415, ✉[email protected]. Held every two years, it's the biggest airshow in China, attracting thousands of people and companies around the world including well-known Boeing, Airbus and Ilyushin. This show has already become the top card of Zhuhai.
- 6 Dayton Air Show, Dayton International Airport in Vandalia, Ohio (8 miles north of Dayton, Ohio). This annual Air Show takes place on a weekend in late June. The history of this flight exhibition dates back to 1910 and the Wright Company (Orville and Wilbur were both born at Dayton). Frequent guests include the Blue Angels, the U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds, U.S. Army Golden Knights, the F-18 Super Hornet, B-2 Spirit, B-52 Stratofortress, A-10 Thunderbolt, P-51 Mustang, C-5 Galaxy, and more.
- 7 EAA AirVenture (Oshkosh airshow) (Oshkosh, Wisconsin). last Monday in July through Sunday. One of the world's great aviation gatherings. A week-long aviation event offering seminars, product demonstrations, aircraft tours and daily airshows. One of the largest airshows in the world. Hundreds of thousands of people drive in, tens of thousands of aircraft fly in. A tent city sprouts under the wings of parked aircraft and beyond. Be on the alert for closed roads all around Wittman airport and Highway 41 during the festival. Hotels can be filled for tens of miles around, but local universities open their dorm rooms, and private homes their spare bedrooms, to the visitor. See the AirVenture and Chamber of Commerce websites for leads on housing. If you plan to fly in to Wittman airport during AirVenture, you must absolutely get the AirVenture NOTAM and follow it carefully.
- 8 Eastbourne Airbourne, Eastbourne Seafront, ☏ 44 1323 415 415 (phone number of the Eastbourne tourism agency). This is an annual airshow that takes place over the sea. Every summer, the Red Arrows, helicopters, parachutists, and other fast jets come and fly for four days. There are other ground attractions too, including live music, with the local paper claiming that 12,000 people watched Scouting for Girls perform in 2015. The main attractions are at the Western Lawns near the Wishtower, although you can get some pretty good views from the foot of the South Downs. It's free, although the organisers appreciate donations as it is quite expensive to run.
- 9 Farnborough International Airshow, Farnborough, Verenigde Koninkryk. 20-26 July 2020. Held in Farnborough Airport for one week in July every two years. Public days are the last weekend only, although there are many locations around town to watch the displays all week. Local pub beer gardens, such as The Swan and The Prince Alexander are good places to try. On-site, exhibits cover civilian & military aircraft both static and as an aerial display. The show's stunning highlight is the RAF display team the "Red Arrows". You can also visit town during the so-called "practice week", which normally lasts a week to ten days before the show opens, although flying display times are unpredictable and often repetitive.
- 10 ILA Berlin Air Show, Berlyn ExpoCenter Airport, Messestrasse 1, 12529 Schönefeld (18 km southeast of Berlin). The Berlin Air Show held in mid-May demonstrates the capabilities and achievements of all areas of the global aerospace industry.
- 11 MAKS (Moscow Air Show), Ramenskoye Airport (40 km southeast of central Moskou). International Air Show held near Moscow. The first show, Mosaeroshow-92, was held in 1992. Since 1993, it was renamed "MAKS" and is held in odd years.
- 12 Paris Air Show, Le Bourget Airport (Parys). The world's calendar-oldest air show. It's held in odd-numbered years. The Paris event starts with four professional days closed to the general public, and then Friday, Saturday and Sunday the public, including children, are allowed in.
- 13 Reno National Championship Air Races, Reno-Stead Airport, ☏ 1 775-972-6663. Held every September just north of Reno, the National Championship Air Races have become an institution for northern Nevada and aviation enthusiasts from around the world. Each year, the event draws 200,000 visitors to the Reno-Stead Airport, attracting more than 86,000 unique fans. The event features six racing classes, a large display of static aircraft and several military and civil flight demonstrations. The Reno-Stead Airport is a small regional airport about 10 miles north of Reno. This airport has nothing to do with the Reno-Tahoe International Airport, the main commercial airport for the Reno-Tahoe area.
- 14 Royal International Air Tattoo, RAF Fairford. The world's largest military airshow. It's held the third weekend in July every year, and usually sees about 150,000 visitors. Military aircraft from all over the world are on display.
- 15 Sunderland Airshow, Sunderland. Europa se grootste gratis airshow, elke jaar aan die Roker-strand, gewoonlik die laaste naweek van Julie
- 16 Sun n 'Fun, Lakeland. einde Maart of vroeg in April. 'N Belangrike weeklange invlieg (algemene lugvaartvergadering) en lugvertoning. Sommige jare tree internasionale lugakrobatiese spanne op.
- 17 Warbirds Over Wanaka, Wanaka. 'N Lugvertoning wat elke tweede Paasnaweek gehou word. Die volgende skou is in 2022. Kyk na meer as 50 vliegtuie uit die tweevliegvliegtuie van die Eerste Wêreldoorlog, die sterre van die Tweede Wêreldoorlog, die Korea-vegters en die strale van Viëtnam. Ook militêre voertuie en Harley Davidson-motorfietse.
Slaap
- 1 Jumbostay (Arlanda lughawe, noord van Stockholm, Swede). Jumbovägen 4 naby Arlanda-lughawe, is 'n bietjie nuut en naby die lughawe. 'N Uitgetrekte Boeing 747 Jumbo-vliegtuig het in 'n koshuis vir rugsakreisigers omskep. Alles binne is nuut en skoon, en linne word opgemaakte beddens ingesluit. Platskerm-TV's in elke kamer is 'n luukse plek vir koshuise, en as u regtig wil spat, is daar die kajuit-suite. Aan die nadeel is daar nie veel van 'n atmosfeer as u die nuutheid van 'n straalvliegtuig oorwin nie.
- Costa Verde, Puntarenas-provinsie, Quepos, Costa Rica, ☏ 506 2777 0584. Dit is op 'n heuwel met 'n uitsig oor die Stille Oseaan en is 'n ontspanne hotel met omgeboude vliegtuie.
- 2 TWA Hotel, John F. Kennedy Internasionale Lughawe, New York Stad. Die hotel is omskep van die ikoniese voormalige TWA-terminal by Terminal 5 wat ontwerp is deur die bekende Fins-Amerikaanse argitek Eero Saarinen vir gebruik deur die nou vervalle Trans World Airways (TWA).
Koop
- 1 Delta Air Lines surplusverkoping, Hapeville, Georgia, VSA. Delta verkoop elke maand items wat sy nie meer nodig het nie, met die opbrengs wat die Delta Flight Museum in Hapeville bevoordeel. Die keuse wissel, maar kan dinge insluit soos eersteklas sitplekke van afgetrede vliegtuie, bedieningsware en -bestek, vintage uniforms en handelsware en kantoormeubels.