Ierland - Ireland

Ierland (Iers: Éire), ook bekend as die Republiek van Ierland (Iers: Poblacht na hÉireann), het 'n ryk kultuur wat saam met sy mense regoor die wêreld uitgevoer is.

Ierland het twee kulture: die historiese Gaeliese kultuur (waaronder een van die oudste letterkundes in Wes-Europa) en die meer onlangse Engelssprekende kultuur wat dit grootliks vervang het. Dit kan die moeite werd wees om 'n bietjie dieper te delf voordat u Ierland besoek om iets te ontdek oor die ouer wêreld wat daaronder lê. Dit is 'n wêreld wat nog leef, maar nie altyd sigbaar nie.

Sommige Ierse geskiedenis was inderdaad baie donker, maar dit bly 'n land van digters, storievertellers en musikante, met wonderlike natuurskoon, 'n gevorderde kennisekonomie, eersteklas infrastruktuur en toonaangewende bedrywe, met 'n hoë bruto binnelandse produk en standaard van lewe.

Streke

Noord-Ierland, 'n tuisnasie van die Verenigde Koninkryk, word in sy eie afsonderlike artikel bespreek.

Stede en dorpe

• 53.347778-6.2597221 Dublin is die lewendige hoofstad, die mees kosmopolitiese stad van Ierland, met 'n groot verskeidenheid besienswaardighede en besoekersgeriewe.
• 51.897222-8.472 Kurk - die land se tweede grootste stad - aan die oewer van die Lee-rivier. Gestig omstreeks 600 deur St Finbarre en bekend vir uitstekende kos (veral seekos), kroeë, inkopies en feeste. As u buite die stad gaan langs die kuslyn wat aan die Atlantiese Oseaan grens, vind u lang winderige strande, pragtige dorpies met geskiedenis, kastele en 'n verskeidenheid buitelugaktiwiteite.
• 53.271944-9.0488893 Galway is 'n kleurvolle partytjie-stad: baie lekker kos, tradmusiek en ales. Net wes is die spookagtige berglandskap van Connemara.
• 52.0588-9.50724 Killarney - Moontlik die gewildste toeristebestemming in Ierland. 'N Aangename stad op sy eie, dit is ook die begin van die meeste Ring van Kerry uitstappies.
• 52.6477-7.25615 Kilkenny - aantreklike middeleeuse stad, bekend as die Marble City - die tuiste van die Cat Laughs Comedy Festival, wat jaarliks ​​vroeg in Junie gehou word.
• 54.9566-7.72036 Letterkenny - Hoofstad in County Donegal, aangewys as poortstatus en beweer dat dit die stad in Europa is wat die vinnigste groei. Goeie basis om in Donegal te reis.
• 52.6653-8.62387 Limerick is 'n miniatuur Dublin met sy Georgiese straatpatroon en somber kasteel. Daar is nog meer kastele, 'n prehistoriese kompleks en 'n museum vir die trans-Atlantiese vlieënde bote.
• 54.2667-8.48338 Sligo - die digter WB Yeats is geïnspireer deur sy landskap van kalksteen-serpe, prehistoriese megaliete en antieke legendes, en jy ook.
• 52.256667-7.1291679 Waterford, Ierland se oudste stad, het 'n ryk mengsel van Viking-, Middeleeuse en Georgiese erfenisse.

Ander bestemmings

• 53.69284-6.449321 Brú Na Bóinne in County Meath is indrukwekkende neolitiese monumente, die oudste dateer uit 3100 vC.
• 53.010278-6.32752 Glendalough in County Wicklow is 'n merkwaardige middeleeuse kloosterkompleks in 'n diep, skilderagtige vallei.
• 53.007-9.0023 Die Burren is 'n spookagtige, kaal kalkland County Clare. Dit eindig skielik in die groot Cliffs of Moher.
• 53.116667-9.74 Aran-eilande is die voortsetting van die Burren na die see. Al drie word bewoon en is besaai met prehistoriese en vroeë Christelike terreine.
• 53.5-9.755 Connemara in County Galway is 'n Ierssprekende streek met 'n pragtige natuurskoon van graniet, moeras en klein eilande.
• 54.917-86 County Donegal - die kusstreke van hierdie provinsie het 'n skouspelagtige natuurskoon en uitstekende strande
• 51.7075-8.5305567 Kinsale - gastronomiese uitmuntendheid in die oudste stad van Ierland
• 51.948889-9.91758 Ring van Kerry en 51.771111-10.5405569 Skellig Michael - in County Kerry

Verstaan

Geskiedenis

Die vroegste bewyse van menslike teenwoordigheid in Ierland strek terug tot 10 500 v.C., toe die land bewoon is deur 'n handjievol jagtersversamelaars. 'N Rukkie voor 4000 v.G.J. is hulle gevolg deur Neolitiese setlaars wat vanaf Spanje noordwaarts getrek het langs die Europese kuslyn. Hulle het die boerdery saam met hulle gebring en 'n voorliefde vir groot klipmonumente. Hulle het van die vroegste veldstelsels wat in Europa bekend is, tot stand gebring tot die 20^de eeu onder lae turf.

Die Bronstydperk het in Ierland omstreeks 2500 VC begin. Gedurende die Ystertydperk (begin omstreeks 800 v.G.J.) het 'n Keltiese taal en kultuur in Ierland ontstaan, moontlik as gevolg van kulturele verspreiding van Brittanje, omdat daar geen argeologiese bewyse is van 'n Keltiese "inval" nie.

Ierland is gekersten vanaf die 5de eeu, en dit het geletterdheid en kennis van die Latynse kultuur meegebring. Kloosterdorpe is gestig en word sentrums vir leer en letterkunde. Die monnike was die eerste wat die legendes van Ierland verbind het tot skryf, en het voortreflike natuurpoësie gekomponeer. Die kloosters was 'n belangrike teiken vir die Noordelikes wat in die laat 8ste eeu binnegeval het en uiteindelik belangrike nedersettings in Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Cork en Limerick gevestig het. Plaaslike militêre alliansies het gereeld verskuif en versmelt, maar kloosterse Christelike kultuur het suksesvolle sendelinge verduur en na Skotland, Engeland en so ver as Switserland gestuur.

Die Normandiërs het vroeg in die 12de eeu binnegeval en Ierland se ongemaklike posisie binne Engeland se invloedsfeer ingestel. Die Gaeliese Ierland wat hulle binnegegaan het, het 'n kenmerkende samelewing wat geneig was om nuwelinge taalkundig en kultureel te assimineer. 'N Intensief gekweekte klassieke tradisie het in die Ierse taal ontwikkel en 'n unieke literatuur opgelewer wat gekoppel is aan 'n ryk volkskultuur. Die Normandiërs het Engelssprekende volgelinge saamgebring, maar Engels het lank marginaal gebly.

Ierse here het baie praktiese onafhanklikheid behou tot aan die einde van die Elizabethaanse tydperk. Die Engelse kroon, in die persoon van Elizabeth I, het 'n vasberade poging aangewend om teen die einde van die 16de eeu sy eie mag op te lê, met weerstand gelei deur magtige noordelike here, veral Red Hugh O'Neill. Hulle nederlaag het beteken dat die inheemse elite geleidelik deur Engelse verhuurders vervang moes word.

Die Ierse samelewing en kultuur is die ergste ontwrig gedurende die Cromwell-tydperk in die 17^de eeu, toe inheemse leiers probeer het om die Ierse onafhanklikheid te herstel, maar deur interne onenigheid verswak is. Ten spyte hiervan het die Ierse taal en kultuur sterk gebly, en die 18de eeu het 'n literêre blom gesien. Algemene aanvaarding van die Engelse taal het eers in die tweede helfte van die 19 plaasgevind^de eeu, grotendeels as gevolg van tweetaligheid.

Die Uniewet wat op 1 Januarie 1801 in werking getree het - waarin Katolieke, 90% van die Ierse bevolking, van die parlement uitgesluit is - het Ierland by die Verenigde Koninkryk aangesluit. Terwyl Groot - Brittanje die bakermat van die Industriële Revolusie in die 18de en 19de eeu het Ierland 'n boerdery gebly; miljoene Iere het na Brittanje, Noord-Amerika en Australië geëmigreer, waar die mans dikwels as arbeiders gewerk het en die vroue as huisbediendes. Aanvanklik het hulle dikwels min Engels gepraat.

Ierse nasionalisme het in die 19de eeu sterk gebly, dikwels deur Engels uitgedruk. Baie aandag is gevestig op die euwels van verhuurder, vererger deur die Groot hongersnood van die 1840's, ook bekend as die Ierse aartappelhongersnood, wat baie dood gelaat het en 'n golf van emigrasie veroorsaak het. Aan die einde van die eeu het die Gaelic Revival plaasgevind, met invloedryke stedelike intellektuele wat daarop aangedring het dat die Gaelic kultuur moes moderniseer en uitgebrei word as 'n basiese beginsel van die Ierse nasionaliteit. Sommige van hulle was later aan die spits van gewapende weerstand teen die Britse bewind. Die Katolieke Kerk, wat vanaf die 16de eeu verskillende grade van vervolging beleef het, is nou geherorganiseer en versterk. Dit het 'n kragtige element in die Ierse nasionalisme geword en 'n simbool vir baie van die Ierse identiteit, hoewel die invloed daarvan in die latere 20ste eeu sou afneem.

Teen 1900 is Britse instellings in Ierland gevestig. Engels was die taal van die oorgrote meerderheid, maar het 'n sterk inheemse geur; dit het sigbaar geword in 'n literatuur wat wêreldberoemd sou word. Iers is steeds deur 'n klein minderheid gekweek en het 'n gesiene moderne literatuur van sy eie gelewer.

Sommige grense vir nie-Anglikaanse burgerlike deelname is in die 1820's verwyder, maar in die laaste helfte van die 19de eeu en vroeë 20ste eeu was die onderwerp van Ierse tuisregering 'n groot debat in die Britse parlement. Na verskeie mislukte pogings het 'n wetsontwerp op Huisreël uiteindelik in 1914 deur die parlement gegaan, hoewel die begin van die eerste wêreldoorlog onbepaald uitgestel is. 'N Mislukte rebellie op Paasmaandag in 1916 het 'n sweempie getoon van dinge wat sou kom met jare se oorlog wat gevolg het, begin met die Ierse Vryheidsoorlog (1919-1921) en voort met die Ierse Burgeroorlog (1922-1923).

Uiteindelik het 'n ietwat stabiele situasie ontstaan ​​met die onafhanklikheid van 26 van Ierland se provinsies, bekend as die Ierse Vrystaat; die oorblywende ses, in die noordooste van die land en bestaan ​​uit twee derdes van die antieke provinsie Ulster, het deel van die Verenigde Koninkryk gebly. In 1949 word die Ierse Vrystaat 'Ierland', ook bekend as die Republiek van Ierland, en onttrek hom aan die Britse Statebond.

Die geskiedenis van Ierland na die verdeling is tot 'n mate deur geweld gekenmerk. In 'n tydperk bekend as 'The Troubles', wat algemeen in die laat 1960's beskou word, is grootskaalse konfrontasie gesien tussen opponerende paramilitêre groepe wat probeer het om Noord-Ierland as deel van die Verenigde Koninkryk te behou of na die Republiek te bring. Die probleme het in die intensiteit van gevegte baie op en af ​​gesien en was soms ook verantwoordelik vir terreuraanvalle in Brittanje en die vasteland van Europa. Die regerings van beide die Verenigde Koninkryk en die Republiek was gekant teen alle terreurgroepe. 'N Vredesooreenkoms bekend as die Goeie Vrydag-ooreenkoms is uiteindelik in 1998 goedgekeur en word geïmplementeer. Alle tekens dui op hierdie ooreenkoms.

Alhoewel dit 'n relatief arm land was vir 'n groot deel van die 20ste eeu, het Ierland in 1973 (dieselfde tyd as die Verenigde Koninkryk) by die Europese Gemeenskap aangesluit. Tussen die middel 1990's en 2008 het Ierland 'n massiewe ekonomiese oplewing gehad (en is 'The Celtic Tiger' genoem) en een van die rykste lande in Europa geword. Die land se ekonomie is egter erg getref tydens die Groot Resessie, wat gelei het tot hoë vlakke van werkloosheid en emigrasie. Sedert 2014 het die Ierse ekonomie egter herstel, en baie emigrante keer terug.

Republiek van Ierland en Noord-Ierland

Histories bestaan ​​die eiland Ierland uit 32 provinsies, waarvan ses, gesamentlik bekend as Noord-Ierland, het deel gebly van die Verenigde Koninkryk sedert die res van Ierland in 1922 onafhanklikheid verkry het. Die geografiese term "Ierland" is van toepassing op die eiland as geheel, maar in Engels is dit ook die amptelike naam van die onafhanklike staat (dws die 26 provinsies wat nie deel uitmaak van die Verenigde Koninkryk nie) , sedert 1937. Om die land van die eiland as geheel te onderskei, soms die beskrywing Republiek Ierland (Iers: Poblacht na hÉireann) is gebruik. Die term 'heel Ierland' word ook gebruik om ondubbelsinnig na die hele eiland te verwys, veral in sportsoorte waar die hele eiland internasionaal deur 'n enkele verenigde span verteenwoordig word. As deel van die Goeie Vrydag-ooreenkoms tussen die Ierse en Britse regerings, is alle Noord-Ierse burgers geregtig op dubbele Britse en Ierse burgerskap, net soos hulle daarop geregtig is om slegs Britse of slegs Ierse burgers te wees.

Afgesien van veranderinge aan die padoppervlak en padtekens, sal u waarskynlik nie veel van 'n verskil sien as u die kronkelende en dikwels obskure internasionale grens tussen die ses provinsies Noord-Ierland en die Republiek Ierland oorsteek nie. 'N Belangrike verskil is egter dat die verkeerstekens in Noord-Ierland in kilometers is, terwyl die kilometers in die Republiek van Ierland is. Uitgesonderde tjeks, daar is geen formele grensmerke of kontroles nie.

Die geldeenheid in die Republiek van Ierland is die euro en die geldeenheid in Noord-Ierland, as deel van die Verenigde Koninkryk, is die Britse pond. Wees seker dat u u euro in pond verruil voordat u die grens oorsteek.

Klimaat

Oor die algemeen het Ierland 'n sagte maar veranderlike oseaniese klimaat met min uiterstes. In Ierland kan u inderdaad 'vier seisoene op een dag' ervaar, dus pak dit in ooreenstemming en bly op hoogte van die jongste weervoorspelling. Ongeag die weer, verwag dat dit 'n onderwerp van gesprek onder die plaaslike bevolking sal wees.

U sien dalk effense verskille in temperatuur tussen die noorde en suide van die land en meer reën in die weste in vergelyking met die ooste.

Gemiddelde daaglikse wintertemperature wissel van 4 ° C tot 7 ° C, en die gemiddelde daaglikse somertemperature wissel van 14,5 ° C tot 16 ° C. Die temperatuur sal selde 25 ° C oorskry en sal selde onder -5 ° C val.

Ongeag wanneer u Ierland besoek, selfs in die middel van die somer, sal u waarskynlik reën ervaar, dus as u van plan is om buite te wees, word 'n waterdigte jas aanbeveel.

Vakansies

Die Ierse name is tussen hakies.

• 1 Januarie: Nuwejaarsdag (Lá Caille) of (Lá na Bliana Nua)
• 17 Maart: Saint Patrick's Day (Lá Fhéile Pádraig)
• Maart of April volgens die Gregoriaanse kalender: Paasfees ('N Cháisc)
• Eerste Maandae van Mei, Junie en Augustus: Mei vakansie, Junie vakansie, Augustus vakansie (Lá Saoire i mí Bealtaine, Lá Saoire i mí Mheithimh, Lá Saoire i mí Lúnasa)
• Verlede Maandag van Oktober: Oktober vakansie (Lá Saoire i mí Dheireadh Fómhair) of (Lá Saoire Oíche Shamhna)
• 25 Desember: Kersfees (Lá Nollag)
• 26 Desember: St Stephen's Day (Lá Fhéile Stiofáin)

Praat

Sien ook: Ierse frase-boek, Engelse variëteite

Byna almal praat Engels as hul eerste taal, hoewel dit op 'n manier weerspieël wat die invloed van Iers weerspieël. Iers ofIerse Gaelies (Gaeilge) is die eerste amptelike taal volgens die grondwet. Dit behoort tot die Goidelic-tak van die Keltiese familie van tale en is opvallend anders as Engels.

Die belangrikste dialekte van Iers is dié van die provinsies Ulster, Munster en Connacht (met die laaste was dit histories 'n sentrale dialek wat ooswaarts tot in Leinster gestrek het). Die Ulster-dialek kom meestal met Skotse Gallies voor. Sommige Iere kan aanstoot neem as u Iers 'Gaelies' noem, want dit verwys eintlik na 'n hele tak van die Keltiese tale, waaronder Iers, Manx en Skotse Gallies. Verwys dit eenvoudig as "Iers" of "die Ierse taal".

Daar is nog duisende vlot Ierse sprekers, almal tweetalig. Sommige van hulle is tradisionele moedertaalsprekers in afgeleë (en gewoonlik skilderagtige) plattelandse gebiede, bekend as Gaeltachtaí. Hulle is nou minder as stedelike Ierse sprekers, wat veral baie in Dublin is, en wat dikwels jong, middelklas en goed opgelei is. Ierse sprekers word bedien deur 'n aantal radiostasies, 'n aanlynkoerant, talle blogs en 'n innoverende televisiestasie (TG4). Hulle het 'n indrukwekkende moderne literatuur en 'n gewilde jaarlikse kunstefees wat bekend staan ​​as die Oireachtas.

Iers is 'n verpligte taal in hoofstroom-Engelstalige skole in die Republiek, en is nodig om toegang tot sekere Ierse universiteite te kry. Ongeveer 40% (ongeveer 1 500 000) mense in die Republiek beweer dat hulle 'n mate van kennis van die taal het, maar die werklike aantal vaardige sprekers is waarskynlik nader aan 300 000 (ongeveer 7% van die bevolking).

Desondanks is Engels die enigste taal wat u waarskynlik teëkom wanneer u in Ierland reis. Dit beteken dat besoekers dikwels nie daarvan bewus is dat gewone Ierse sprekers regoor die land gevind kan word nie, met 'n vooruitstrewende (hoewel nie so voor die hand liggende) kultuur van hul eie nie. Sulke sprekers gebruik gewoonlik Engels in die teenwoordigheid van vreemdelinge, maar die meeste Iere sien die taal as 'n integrale deel van hul kultuur.

Aangesien baie plekname en persoonsname in Iers is, kan kennis van die Ierse uitspraak nuttig wees vir buitelanders, en selfs plaaslike inwoners wat nie Iers magtig is nie, weet gewoonlik hoe om Ierse woorde uit te spreek.

Toeriste wat gretig is om 'n paar woorde van die Ierse taal te leer, kan 'n slenter maak waardeur hulle geleer word om te vloek, terwyl hulle verseker is dat hulle 'n groet of soortgelyke frase leer.

Beide Iers en Engels word in Ierland met verskillende aksente gepraat, en dit is maklik om die aksent van iemand van Noord-Ierland van dié van iemand uit die Republiek te onderskei. U kan dikwels selfs onderskei tussen verskillende stede in die Republiek van Ierland (byvoorbeeld Dublin vs Cork). Aksente wissel ook volgens sosiale klas, en veral in die stad Dublin sal u duidelike aksent van die hoër en die werkersklas sien.

Dit is belangrik om te onthou dat baie Iere redelik vinnig Engels praat in vergelyking met sprekers uit die Verenigde Koninkryk of Noord-Amerika. In Ierland is sommige woorde anders en kan dit verskillende betekenisse hê. Byvoorbeeld, "dodelik" in Hiberno-Engels beteken gewoonlik "cool" of "awesome", (bv. "That's deadly" beteken "That's wonderful") in plaas van "gevaarlik". Ierse leenwoorde en idiome kom ook algemeen voor in Hiberno-Engels.

In alledaagse interaksies voer Ierse vriende en verhoudings 'n gespreksstyl aan wat onvoorbereide toeriste verras (indien nie kommerwekkend nie). Die belediging, neerslag of sideswipe, bekend as 'skerts', is 'n baie genuanseerde kunsvorm wat daarop gemik is om liefde te toon. Dit is alles in die tydsberekening en in die toon, en u moet dit nie probeer nie, tensy u sigbaar in 'n goeie bui is. Hoogmoedig en vriendelike terging staan ​​ook bekend as craic en is oor die algemeen onafskeidbaar van die verbruik van alkohol.

Gaan in

As u met 'n troeteldier reis, gaan kyk die reëls. Sommige siektes wat algemeen op die Europese vasteland voorkom, is afwesig van Ierland.

Visumvereistes

“	Wees op die hoogte / my paspoort se groen / Geen glas van ons is ooit gelig om die koningin te rooster nie	”
—Seamus Heaney (1939-2013) was van Noord-Ierland, maar geïdentifiseer as Iers en nie Brits nie.

Ierland is 'n lid van die Europese Unie, maar nie deel van die Schengen-gebied nie, en daarom hou hy afsonderlike immigrasiebeheer in. Die volgende reëls geld gewoonlik:

• Burgers van EU- en EER-lande en Switserland benodig slegs 'n geldige nasionale identiteitskaart of paspoort en het geen visum nodig nie. In die meeste gevalle het hulle onbeperkte regte op indiensneming en verblyf in Ierland.
• Inwoners van die 'Common Travel Area' het in teorie nie eers 'n paspoort nodig om Ierland binne te gaan nie, maar in die praktyk moet hulle een wys om op 'n vlug of veerboot te klim; daar is geen roetine-kontrole op die landgrens nie. Die CTA is Ierland, die Verenigde Koninkryk, die Channel Isles en die Isle of Man, en die reëlings is wederkerig. Maar burgers van ander lande ontsnap nie hul verpligtinge deur Brittanje binne te gaan en dan die onbewaakte landgrens oor te steek nie - u moet steeds in aanmerking kom om Ierland binne te gaan, net asof u direk sou vlieg. Britse burgers mag vrylik in Ierland woon en werk.
• Inwoners van baie lande mag tot 90 dae sonder 'n visum inkom. Vanaf Oktober 2020 is hierdie lande Andorra, Antigua en Barbuda, Argentinië, Australië, die Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivië, Botswana, Brasilië, Brunei, Kanada, Chili, Costa Rica, Kroasië, Dominica, El Salvador, Eswatini, Fidji. , Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong SAR, Israel, Japan, Kiribati, Lesotho, Macao SAR, Malawi, Maleisië, die Maledive, Mauritius, Mexiko, Monaco, Nauru, Nieu-Seeland, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Saint Kitts en Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent en die Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, die Seychelle, Singapoer, Salomonseilande, Suid-Afrika, Suid-Korea, Taiwan, Tonga, Trinidad en Tobago, Tuvalu, die Verenigde State, Uruguay, Vanuatu, die Vatikaanstad en Venezuela, plus houers van Britse nasionale (oorsese) paspoorte. Die tydperk van toelating word deur die immigrasiebeampte in die hawe van toegang bepaal, maar kan verleng word tot die volle 90 dae indien nodig. Buitelanders wat sonder 'n visum binnekom, kan hierdie verblyf ook na die inskrywing verleng, maar binne die aanvanklike tydperk van toelating en met 'n geldige doel. Langer verblyf, indiensneming en burgers van ander lande benodig normaalweg voorafvisums.
• Burgers van ander lande moet die visumlyste by die Iere Afdeling buitelandse sake. Die aansoekproses vir toeristevisums is redelik eenvoudig en word uiteengesit in die Irish Naturalization and Immigration Service webwerf. Toeristevisums kan in geen omstandighede die afgelope 90 dae verleng word nie.

Met die vliegtuig

Loop op die lug teen u beter oordeel - grafskrif van Seamus Heaney

Ierland het drie groot internasionale lughawens: Dublin (DUB ^IATA), Shannon (SNN ^IATA) in County Clare, en Cork (ORK ^IATA). Dublin is verreweg die grootste en die beste verbonde, met vlugte na baie stede in die VSA, Kanada, die Verenigde Koninkryk, die vasteland van Europa en die Midde-Ooste. Shannon, naby die stad Limerick, het ook vlugte na die VSA, Kanada, die Midde-Ooste, die Verenigde Koninkryk en Europa. Cork vlieg na die meeste Britse bestemmings en 'n wye verskeidenheid Europese stede. In die somer het hulle almal addisionele vlugte na vakansiebestemmings in Europa.

Daar is ook drie klein lughawens met minder gereelde binnelandse en Britse vlugte: Donegal (CFN ^IATA), Kerry (KIR ^IATA), en Ierland West Knock (NOC ^IATA) in County Mayo. Ander soos Sligo en Waterford het 'n kort bloeitydperk gehad.

Die drie lughawens van Noord-Ierland is naby die grens met die Republiek. Dit is die lughawe City of Derry (LDY ^IATA), en die twee lughawens in Belfast, City (BHD ^IATA) en Internasionaal (BFS ^IATA).

Ierland se twee grootste lugdienste is Aer Lingus en Ryanair. Alhoewel dit Ryanair is wat die reputasie van die begroting het, het hul mededinging die tradisionele vlagvervoerder Aer Lingus gedwing om soortgelyke pryse te betaal (byvoorbeeld tariewe vir bagasie), veral vir kortafstandvlugte. Kyk dus by die bespreking agterdogtig of u oënskynlik goedkoop vlug u sal laat geld vir klein ekstra's, soos om twee keer by die venster uit te kyk.

Met die trein

Die Enterprise-trein ry elke uur of twee tussen Belfast Lanyon Place (ook bekend as Central) en Dublin Connolly, via Portadown, Newry, Dundalk en Drogheda. Dit duur 2 uur en 15 minute, dit is noodsaaklik om te bespreek.

Kyk hieronder vir veerbootroetes; seilings na Rosslare verbind met treine na Dublin Connolly.

Met die bus

Busse ry per uur tussen Belfast, Dublin-lughawe en Dublin Busáras, die hoofstasie, en duur ongeveer 3 uur. Ander grensroetes is tussen Dublin en Derry, Belfast en Monaghan, en Belfast en Enniskillen met verbindings na Sligo en Galway. Besoek individuele stede vir plaaslike grensbusse, soos die reis van 7 kilometer vanaf Derry na die wonderlike dorpie Muff.

Flixbus is die hoofoperateur van langafstandbusse regoor die vasteland van Europa. U kan dalk 'n deurkaartjie na Ierland koop, maar dit sal waarskynlik in Londen Victoria verander.

Per boot

Veerboot vanaf Ierland vanaf Groot-Brittanje, Frankryk en Spanje. Hulle neem almal voertuie, want vragmotors is 'n groot deel van hul besigheid en bied kajuitverblyf. Met die openbare vervoer, soek altyd deurgaande kaartjies per spoor / bus en veerboot, want dit is aansienlik goedkoper as afsonderlike kaartjies, en sorg vir die verbinding.

• Dublin het veerbote vanaf Holyhead in Noord-Wallis deur Stena Line en Ierse Ferries (3 uur 30 minute), vanaf Bootle naby Liverpool deur P&O (8 uur) en in die somer vanaf Douglas, Eiland Man deur IOM Steam Packet Company (3 uur 30 minute). Direkte veerbote vanaf Rotterdam en Zeebrugge is slegs vir vragmotors en hul vragmotors.
• Rosslare neem veerbote vanaf Suid-Wallis, wat 3 uur en 30 minute duur: vanaf Viswag deur Stena Line en van Pembroke deur Irish Ferries. Stena vaar ook van Cherbourg in Noordwes-Frankryk (18 uur). In die somer vaar Brittany Ferries vanaf Bilbao. Treine en busse na Dublin verbind met die veerbote by Rosslare.
• Cork het veerbote vanaf Cherbourg in die somer.
• Dit kan ook handig wees om na Noord-Ierland te vaar: Belfast en Larne het veerbote vanaf Cairnryan naby Stranraer in Skotland.
• Twee veerbote vaar vanaf Noord-Ierland: oor Carlingford Lough naby Dundalk en oor Lough Foyle in County Donegal. Sien 'Rondom' hieronder, aangesien dit effektief 'n kortpad op die padnetwerk is.

Gemeenskaplike reisarea

Daar is 'n jarelange informele reëling dat burgers van die Verenigde Koninkryk vrylik kan reis sonder enige paspoort na Ierland en na die eilande rondom Brittanje wat nie in die Verenigde Koninkryk is nie; en omgekeerd. Dit is vasgelê in die Goeie Vrydag-ooreenkoms van 1998, wat geen beheermaatreëls op die landgrens tussen Noord-Ierland en die Republiek beteken het nie. Alle partye het deurgaans verklaar dat dit moet voortgaan alhoewel die Republiek deel is van die EU en Noord-Ierland nie. Daar is ook wedersydse erkenning vir sommige visums. Hierdie reëlings staan ​​bekend as die Common Travel Area (CTA) en is van toepassing op die Republiek Ierland, die Verenigde Koninkryk (wat Noord-Ierland insluit), die Isle of Man, Jersey en Guernsey (wat Alderney en Sark insluit). Dit is nie van toepassing op Britse oorsese gebiede soos Gibraltar nie.

In die praktyk beteken veiligheidskontrole dat u 'n paspoort of 'n gelykwaardige nasionale ID moet toon om aan boord van 'n vlug na Ierland (ook na Noord-Ierland), selfs vanuit die GTA. Veerbote is minder konsekwent, maar jy moet aanvaar dat dit nodig is. Ander foto-ID's, soos 'n rybewys, sal dit nie doen nie, alhoewel dit vir die Ierse immigrasie aanvaarbaar is. Lugrederye word met sulke strawwe boetes opgelê vir die landing van nie-geskikte passasiers dat dit veiliger is om u van die vlug af te stamp as hulle twyfel. Die kern daarvan is dat u u paspoort moet toon om te bewys dat u in aanmerking kom om te reis sonder om u paspoort te wys - welkom in Ierland!

As u die onbewaakte landgrens oorsteek, is dit u verantwoordelikheid om na te gaan of u in aanmerking kom om dit te doen en om relevante dokumente saam te neem. (En maak seker dat u motorversekering / huurooreenkoms geldig is.) As daar later bevind sou word dat u nie in aanmerking kom nie, loop u die risiko om boetes te ontvang en te verwyder.

Die meeste besoekers wat in aanmerking kom om Brittanje binne te gaan, kom in aanmerking om Ierland binne dieselfde voorwaardes te betree, en in sommige opsigte is die CTA 'n 'mini-Schengen'. As u 90 dae se verblyf einde se kant toe staan, sal die klok heen en weer tussen die twee lande nie weer begin nie. (Inderdaad, 'n kort reis elders sal dit miskien nie doen nie: immigrasie is vertroud met sulke truuks, en sal nie u oorspronklike verblyf verleng as hulle reken dat dit u spel was nie.) Reisigers na Ierland kan gewoonlik op die Britse lughawens vervoer sonder om die Verenigde Koninkryk te benodig. in aanmerking te kom, maar daar is beperkings op wie dit aan die land mag doen, byvoorbeeld om tussen Heathrow- en Stansted-lughawens oor te plaas (soortgelyk aan Schengen, u kan die airside in Parys vervoer, maar u het dalk 'n EU-visum nodig om land toe te gaan om uit Amsterdam te vlieg). Maar alhoewel 'n Schengen-visum of in aanmerking kom in al die lande, geld dit nie vir die GTA nie. Daar is dus wedersydse erkenning van visums wat aan Chinese en Indiese burgers uitgereik is, maar nie volledig aan ander nie. Een belangrike verskil van Schengen is dat die GTA 'n informele versameling van politieke ooreenkomste is wat nie in die wet opgeskryf is nie. Dit is dus moeilik om tred te hou met die ontwikkeling van reëls en uitsonderings, en u het baie min gebruik as 'n snedige inklokklerk 'n ander interpretasie het .

Kry rond

Met die motor

Daar is baie motorhuurondernemings in Ierland, en u kan dit in die stede of op die lughawens afhaal, alhoewel dit meer kos om by 'n lughawe af te haal. Die meeste Ierse motorhuuragentskappe aanvaar nie die versekering van derdepartye vir botsingskade (byvoorbeeld met 'n kredietkaart) as u 'n motor huur nie.

Daar is 'n groot aantal rotondes in Ierland. Verkeer wat reeds op die rotonde is, het voorkeur bo die verkeer wat dit binnekom, in teenstelling met 'verkeerskringe' wat soms in die VSA gebruik word.

Karavaan

Om met u eie wiele vakansie te hou, is 'n gewilde en baie aangename ervaring in Ierland. Aangesien die weer baie vinnig kan verander, kan u in hierdie uithoek van Europa vinnig vasgevang wees terwyl u ry. Karavaanparke is gewoonlik redelik naby alle toeriste-aantreklikhede beskikbaar. Baie karavaanparke is egter slegs gedurende die hoof toeristeseisoen oop, wat gewoonlik tussen die begin van April en die einde van September beskou word. Oornag aan die kant van die pad of ander plekke wat nie karavaanparke is nie, word gewoonlik nie geduld nie, en baie plekke word aangedui om toepaslike verordeninge te voorkom wat enige oornagkamp of karavaan voorkom. Dit is die moeite werd om eers te beplan voordat u met 'n karavaan reis, aangesien baie van die nie-hoofpaaie nie baie goed geskik is vir kampeerders of karavane nie, omdat die klein paaie nou en algemeen is. Hoofpaaie en nasionale roetes is egter baie geskik vir hierdie voertuie. Daar is 'n lys van goedgekeurde karavaanparke op die Camping-Ierland webwerf.

Huurmotors

Huurmotors in Ierland sal groen en blou plakette op beide die bestuurder- en passasiersdeure hê, met die woord "TAXI", die taxi-lisensienommer en die vervoer vir Ierland-logo. Hierdie plakkers word sedert Januarie 2013 ingefaseer en nie alle taxi's sal dit nog hê nie.

Dit word sterk aanbeveel dat u vooraf bel om 'n taxi te bespreek. Die hotel, koshuis of bed en ontbyt waarin u tuisgaan, sal die taxibedryf waarmee hulle werk, noukeurig skakel. Huurmotors moet redelik maklik in die strate in Dublin, Belfast en Cork opgevang word, maar dit kan moeiliker wees om in kleiner stede en dorpe deur die strate te vaar. Dit is dus die beste om een ​​te bel. Dit word aanbeveel om die taxi-onderneming, indien moontlik, vooraf te skakel en hulle die tyd te gee om afgehaal te word, maak nie saak of dit 4 uur voor die tyd of 30 minute voor die tyd is nie. Werk saam met dieselfde taxi-onderneming as wat u hotel doen, en laat weet u u eindbestemming as daar meer as een stop is. You will also need to give them a contact phone number over the phone, so if calling from a pay phone, be prepared for them to deny your claim for a taxi. The average waiting time may be anywhere from 5 to 30 minutes depending on demand and time of day. All taxis in the Republic of Ireland operate on a National Fare basis, so the price should be relatively easy to calculate. For more information, see the Commission of Taxi Regulation website. Always ensure that the taxi you use has a meter, and that it is used for the duration of your journey.

Rules of the road and road user etiquette

The rules of the road in Ireland are similar to those of the United Kingdom: drive on the left and yield to the right at a roundabout. The most noticeable difference is that distances and speed limits are displayed in kilometres in the Republic. This can be confusing to anyone travelling across the border from Northern Ireland, which, like the rest of the UK, uses miles and miles per hour. The legal blood-alcohol limit is low, although one of the highest by European standards, so it may be best to abstain. It is legal to temporarily use the hard shoulder to allow a faster moving vehicle to overtake you, but this manoeuvre is not allowed on a motorway.

Drivers often 'thank' each other by flashing their hazard lights or waving, but this is purely a convention. In smaller towns and villages, vehicles will often slow or stop to allow other road users and pedestrians to cross or otherwise maneuvre on the road. Again this is a convention based on Irish cordiality rather than a legal requirement. Road signs in the Republic are nominally bilingual, with place names displayed in Irish in italics, with the corresponding English name in capitals immediately below. In the Gaeltacht (Irish-speaking) areas, road signs are written in Irish only.

There are four types of road classification in Ireland. Hulle is:

Sign	Sign Colour	Prefix	Class	Max Speed Limit	Aantekeninge
	White on blue	M	Motorways
	White/geel on green	N	National routes		Primary routes use numbers 1 - 50. Secondary routes use numbers 51 .
	Black on white	R	Regional roads
	Black on white	L	Local roads		Rarely marked, although signage is improving.

Speed limits are defaults for the road classification only — if a different speed limit is signed, it must be obeyed. Urban areas generally have a 50 km/h speed limit.

Ireland has an extensive motorway network centred on Dublin. Most motorways in the Republic have some tolled sections. Tolls are low by French or Italian standards, and vary from €1.40 (M3) to €3.10 (M50), depending on which motorway you are travelling on. Tolls are displayed a few kilometres from the plaza. The only tolled road that accepts credit cards is the M4 between Kilcock and Kinnegad. All others (except the M50) are euro cash only, so take care if you're arriving from the North via the M1. The M50 is barrier free and accepts no cash. Cameras are on overhead gantries between Junctions 6 & 7 which read your number plate. If you have registered before online or by phone €2.60 will be taken from your credit card. If you have not registered, you must go to a Payzone branded outlet and pay the toll there. This option costs €3.10.

The main motorways are as below (with toll charges being relevant for private cars only):

Motorway	Route	Toll
	Dublin to Northern Ireland, towards Belfast	Drogheda bypass section, €1.90
	Dublin to Ashbourne, towards Derry	Geen
	Dublin to Cavan	Entire route, 2 tolls each of €1.40
	Dublin to Mullingar, towards Sligo	Kilcock to Kinnegad section, €2.90
	Junction 11 with the M4 to Galway, although there is a gap in the middle which is only a dual carriageway	Between junction 15 (Ballinasloe West) and junction 16 (Loughrea), €1.90
	Dublin to Limerick	Portlaoise to Castletown section, €1.90
	Junction 19 with the M7 to Cork	Fermoy bypass section, €1.90
	Junction 11 with the M7 to Waterford	Geen
	Dublin to Wexford along the east coast	Geen
	Junction 18 with the M6 to Tuam	Geen
	Limerick to Galway	Geen
	Limerick towards Cork; only a small section near Limerick has been built	Geen
	Dublin Port to Shankill, bypassing Dublin City by going in an orbital ring around.	Between N3 & N4 junctions: max €3.10. eflow.ie Dublin Port Tunnel, €3 - €10. dublintunnel.ie

There are numerous routes of high quality dual carriageway, which are very near motorway standard; Dublin-Wicklow, Sligo-Collooney (Sligo), Mullingar-Athlone, and Cork-Middleton (Waterford).

Lesser roads are in many parts poorly signposted, the only indication of what route to take often being a finger-sign at the junction itself. The road surfaces can be very poor on the lesser used R & L numbered routes.

Driving on regional and local roads in Ireland requires etiquette, courtesy and nerves of steel. Roads are generally narrow with little to no shoulder or room for error. Sight lines can be limited or non-existent until you are partway into the road. Caution should be taken when entering onto the roadway as well as when driving along it, with the understanding that around the next turn may be another motorist partway into the road. This is especially true in rural areas. Parking along the road, farm animals, as well as large lorries or machinery may also appear around the bend and be the cause for quick thinking or braking. It is not unusual for oncoming cars to navigate to a wide spot in the road to pass each other. On the other hand, when driving slower than following cars, it is common for drivers to allow others to pass or signal if the way is clear. Calculating driving time can be slower than expectations, due to the large increase in motorists and road conditions/hazards.

Speed limits

As mentioned above, speed limits in Ireland are in kilometres per hour. When crossing the border from Northern Ireland into the Republic of Ireland, on main roads, you can expect to see a large sign announcing that speed limits are given in kilometres per hour and all speed limit signs have the text "km/h" on them to remind drivers. Northern Ireland, as well as the rest of the UK has speed limits in miles per hour.

Local Councils may apply other limits in specific areas as required. Also, when roads are being maintained or worked upon in some way, the limit may be temporarily changed.

Car rental companies

Motorhuur companies are plentiful, with all major airports and cities well catered for. The ports of Rosslare and Dún Laoghaire are served by Hertz and Dan Dooley respectively. As elsewhere, the main driver needs a credit card in their own name and a full driver's licence for a minimum of two years without endorsement. Most rental companies apply a minimum age of 25; many require you be 28 to rent a full-size car. Rentals include minimum insurance which covers the car, leaving a deductible owed in the case of an accident. At additional cost, Super Damage Waiver (SDW) can reduce this deductible to zero.

If renting a vehicle registered before 2008, the car may have a speedometer in miles per hour, as kilometres per hour were only introduced in Ireland in 2008.

Quite a number of companies offer campervans for hire.

Met die trein

Sien ook: Rail travel in Ireland

With the exception of the Enterprise service to Belfast, all trains in Ireland are operated by the state-run Irish Rail, usually known by its Irish name, Iarnród Éireann. Most trains run to and from Dublin. Enormous expenditure on modernising the state-owned Irish Rail system is ongoing, including the introduction of many new trains. The frequency and speed of services is being considerably increased, especially on the Dublin-Cork line. If you book on-line for Intercity travel, be aware that there may be a cheaper fare option available to you at the office in the station itself. Not all special rates, e.g. for families, are available on line. The Irish network is less dense than elsewhere in Europe, and speeds are slower, with few lines being electrified, but where trains do go, they are a good option - especially when travelling to and from Dublin.

Advance booking can result in big savings and booking can be made a month in advance, e.g. an adult return between Kerry and Dublin can cost €75 if booked for the next day but can cost as little as €20 - 30 if booked in advance. Pay notice to major sporting and entertainment events in Dublin that are taking place throughout the summer months, as any travel coinciding with such events could be both costlier and less plentiful.

There are two main stations in Dublin - Connolly Station (for trains to Belfast, Sligo and Rosslare) and Heuston Station (for trains to Cork, Limerick, Ennis, Tralee, Killarney, Galway, Westport, Kilkenny and Waterford.)

In Northern Ireland, almost all services are operated by (Northern Ireland Railways (NIR) the only mainline railway in the United Kingdom not privatized in the 1990s, but for train travel to Belfast you can buy your ticket online at Irish Rail.

In the Dublin city area the electrified DART (acronym for Dublin Area Rapid Transit) coastal railway travels from Malahide and the Howth peninsula in the North to Bray and Greystones in Co. Wicklow via Dún Laoghaire and Dublin city centre. An interchange with main line services and the Luas Red line is available at Dublin Connolly.

Met die bus

Bus is the predominant form of public transport across Ireland. Urban bus networks operate within the five cities and ten of the larger towns, while a comprehensive network of regional, commuter and rural services provide service to most parts of the country. Express intercity services connect the main cities and towns with each other, while tour operators run buses from the cities to most large tourist attractions away from the cities.

Cities and towns

Urban bus networks operate in the following cities:

• Dublin - An extensive urban bus network with over 100 routes operates across the city and its surrounding suburbs. All cross-city and city centre-bound routes are operated by Dublin Bus, while local routes in suburban areas are operated by Go-Ahead Ireland, although both operators share a common fare structure and ticketing system. Buses run every 10 to 15 minutes along all main routes, and less frequently on other routes. Two routes (15 and 41) operate a 24 hour service, while a number of late night routes also run at the weekends.
• Cork - Bus Éireann operate a city network with over 20 routes. The busiest cross-city routes run every 10 to 15 minutes, while one cross-city route (220) operates a 24 hour service. [1]
• Galway - Bus Éireann operate a city network of six routes, with the busiest running every 15 to 20 minutes throughout the day. [2]
• Limerick - Bus Éireann operate a city network of nine routes, with the busiest running every 15 to 20 minutes throughout the day. [3]
• Waterford - Bus Éireann operate a city network of five routes (W1 to W5), as well as route 360 to Tramore. All routes run every 20 or 30 minutes throughout the day. [4]

Town bus services operate in the following towns:

• Athlone - Bus Éireann operate two cross-town routes, A1 and A2, every 30 minutes. [5]
• Balbriggan - Bus Éireann operate the town service route B1 every 20 minutes. [6]
• Cavan - Local Link operate three cross-town routes, C1, C2 and C3. [7]^{[dooie skakel]}
• Drogheda - Bus Éireann operate three town service routes. Routes D1 and D2 operate every 15 minutes between Drogheda, Bettystown and Laytown, while route 173 operates every hour around the northside and southside of the town. [8]
• Dundalk - Bus Éireann operate town service route 174, every 30 minutes. [9]
• Monaghan - Local Link operate two cross-town routes, M1 and M2. [10]^{[dooie skakel]}
• Kilkenny - City Direct operate two cross town routes, KK1 and KK2, every 30 minutes. [11]
• Navan - Bus Éireann operate three town service routes, 110A, 110B and 110C. [12]
• Sligo - Bus Éireann operate two town service routes. Route S1 runs north-south across the town every 30 minutes, while route S2 runs to Strandhill and Rosses Point every hour. [13]
• Wexford - Wexford Bus operate two town loop routes, WX1 and WX2, every 30-40 minutes. [14]

Regional, commuter and rural

An extensive network of regional bus services operate across Ireland, serving nearly all corners of the island. However, the frequency of routes can vary significantly, from high frequency routes between nearby towns, to rural services running only once a week. The majority of services are public funded and operated by Bus Èireann, Go-Ahead Ireland and Local Link, although in some areas commercial services also play a large role in providing transport.

The main regional bus networks are:

• Bus Éireann operate an extensive network of regional bus services across Ireland. Commuter services are provided along routes into the main cities and towns, while in rural areas there are routes connecting many villages and small towns into their nearest large town or city. Most routes are shown on the Bus Éireann network map. Routes are numbered by region, with the 100's in the east, 200's in the south, 300's in the midwest and southeast, and 400's in the west and northwest.
• Go-Ahead Ireland operate commuter routes between towns in Kildare and Dublin City. These are numbered routes 120 to 130, and use the same fare structure and ticketing system as the Bus Éireann Dublin commuter services.
• Local Link is the brand name for all services funded under the rural transport programme. There are over 1,000 rural bus routes serving nearly all corners of the country. These range from regular scheduled routes running several times a day between nearby towns, to door to door routes running only one day per week. The regular scheduled routes operate like normal bus routes, with fixed routes and timetables, however the door to door routes can vary and may require advance booking, so it's best to inquire with your nearest Local Link office^{[dooie skakel]} the day beforehand.

Other standalone public funded routes include:

• JJ Kavanagh operate route 139 from Naas to Blanchardstown
• Go-Ahead Ireland operate route 197 from Swords to Ashbourne
• Bernard Kavanagh operate route 817 from Kilkenny to Dublin
• M&A Coaches operate route 828 from Cashel to Portlaoise
• Andrew Wharton operate route 975 from Cavan to Longford

Intercity

A good network of intercity routes operates between the main cities and towns in Ireland. Most intercity routes are fast with very few stops, and take advantage of Ireland's extensive motorway network. Intercity routes are all operated commercially, and many routes have competition along them, with more than one operator serving them, so fares are often good value. Bus Éireann Expressway are the largest operator, with over 20 intercity routes. Other operators include Dublin Coach, Aircoach, GoBus, Citylink, JJ Kavanagh and Wexford Bus.

The main intercity routes from Dublin (listed anti-clockwise) are:

• Dublin - Newry - Belfast: Bus Éireann Expressway routes X1/X2a/X5^{[dooie skakel]}, Aircoach route 705X, Dublin Coach route 400
• Dublin - Omagh - Derry/Letterkenny: Bus Éireann Expressway route 32, Goldline Express routes X3/X4, John McGinley Coaches routes 932/933
• Dublin - Cavan - Donegal: Bus Éireann Expressway route 30
• Dublin - Longford - Sligo: Bus Éireann Expressway route 23
• Dublin - Longford - Ballina: Bus Éireann Expressway route 22
• Dublin - Athlone - Galway: Bus Éireann Expressway routes 20/X20, GoBus route 720^{[dooie skakel]}, Citylink routes 760/761/763
• Dublin - Limerick: Bus Éireann Expressway route X12, Dublin Coach route 300, JJ Kavanagh route 735, Eireagle route [15]^{[dooie skakel]}
• Dublin - Cork: Bus Éireann Expressway route X8, Aircoach route 704X, GoBus route 707^{[dooie skakel]}
• Dublin - Kilkenny - Clonmel: JJ Kavanagh route 717
• Dublin - Carlow - Waterford: Bus Éireann Expressway route 4/X4, Dublin Coach route 600, JJ Kavanagh route 736
• Dublin - Wexford: Bus Éireann Expressway routes 2/X2, Wexford Bus route 740

Other intercity routes include:

• Derry/Letterkenny - Sligo - Galway: Bus Éireann Expressway route 64, Bus Feda route 964
• Ballina - Castlebar - Galway: Bus Éireann Expressway route 52
• Galway - Limerick - Cork: Bus Éireann Expressway routes 51/X51, Citylink route 251
• Limerick - Tralee/Killarney: Bus Éireann Expressway routes 13 & 14, Dublin Coach route 300
• Limerick - Waterford: Bus Éireann Expressway route 55
• Tralee - Cork - Waterford - Rosslare: Bus Éireann Expressway route 40

Per boot

• Ferries ply to the inhabited islands: they carry islanders' vehicles but visitors should avoid bringing one. Boat trips visit many other islands at sea or in the lakes - some even venture out as far as Fastnet.
• Car ferries cross several large estuaries, for instance across the Shannon, Cork Harbour, Waterford Harbour, and the Liffey between Howth and Dún Laoghaire. Two ferries are international: across Carlingford Lough between Dundalk and the Mourne Mountains in Northern Ireland, and across Lough Foyle between Greencastle in County Donegal and MacGilligan Point north of Derry. Both carry vehicles but only sail in summer.
• Ireland has an extensive navigable inland waterway network, rehabilitated since its 19th / 20th century decline. The principal routes are from Dublin to the Shannon by either the Grand Canal or (further north) the Royal Canal, up the length of the Shannon from the Atlantic at Limerick to Leitrim, its principal tributaries such as the Boyle, and along the Shannon-Erne Canal to Enniskillen in Northern Ireland. There are no regular ferries on these routes, so it's a matter of hiring a boat. For an extended Shannon cruise, Dromineer en Carrick-on-Shannon are good bases. Sien Waterways Ireland for current navigation and lock status, moorings and so on.

Met die fiets

Ireland is beautiful for biking, but use a good touring bike with solid tyres as road conditions are not always excellent. Biking along the south and west coasts you should be prepared for variable terrain, lots of hills and frequent strong headwinds. There are plenty of camp grounds along the way for long distance cyclists.

The planned Eurovelo cycle route in Ireland will connect Belfast to Dublin via Galway, and Dublin to Rosslare via Galway and Cork. Visit their website for updates on the status of the path.

Dublin has some marked bicycle lanes and a few non-road cycle tracks. Traffic is fairly busy, but a cyclist confident with road cycling in other countries should have no special difficulties (except maybe for getting used to riding on the left). Cyclists have no special right of way over cars, particularly when using shared use paths by the side of a road, but share and get equal priority when in traffic lanes. Helmets are not legally required, but widely available for those who wish to use them. Dublin Bikes has 400 bikes available to the public in around 40 stations across the city centre. The bikes are free to take for the first half hour, although a payment of €150 is required in case of the bike being stolen or damaged. When finished, return the bike back to any station and get your payment refunded.

Met die vliegtuig

Ireland is small enough to be traversed by road and rail in a few hours, so there are few flights within the Republic, and none to Northern Ireland.

Aer Lingus Regional fly two routes from Dublin:

- to Donegal (CFN) near Carrickfinn in northwest County Donegal, twice a day taking an hour. Fares start at €30-€36 each way (as of Jan 2020).

- to Kerry (KIR) near Farranfore, midway between Tralee and Killarney, twice a day taking an hour. Fares start at €47-€49 each way (as of Jan 2020).

Aer Arann Islands fly from Connemara Airport (NNR) near Galway to the three Arann Islands of Inis Mór (IOR), Inis Meain (IIA) and Inis Oírr (INQ). There are at least three flights to each island year-round M-F and two at weekends; more in summer. The flights use rinky-dinky BNF Islanders and are ten minute there-and-back turnarounds with no inter-island flights. Adult fares are €25 one way or €49 return, with various discounts. Connemara has no other flights so it's disconnected from the global network.

Only in Ireland

• Cable-car is how you reach Dursey Island in County Cork, a ten minute ride over the restless Atlantic. Ireland's low mountains and mild winters aren't conducive to winter sports, so if they had to install a ski lift anywhere, it pretty much had to be here.
• Walk on water at Acres Lake near Drumshanbo in County Leitrim. Ireland has many long-distance hiking trails, mostly described on the relevant County pages. Shannon Blueway near the head of the navigable river starts with a floating boardwalk, before continuing with conventional trails. It's the spiritual descendant of Ireland's baffling Bog Trackways, floating Neolithic or Iron Age walkways across bogs: their purpose seems not to be transport, but to enter the bog for some ceremonial purpose.
• Horse-drawn caravan: the traditional Romany kind. You'll be among the last of the breed, because the Republic nowadays discourages "travelling folk", and those still around use modern vehicles and caravans. Extended horse-drawn trips are best suited to areas where the gradients are mild, the road traffic isn't too frenetic, and the distance between sights and amenities is minor. Die Ring of Kerry is one popular excursion, see the County pages for other possibilities.

Sien

It's more than just a stereotype: Ireland's highlights are indeed the stuff of knights' tales. That's at least true for its myriad of fascinating castles, dramatic cliff shores, lush rolling pastures and rugged hills. Many of the country's main attractions are of a sturdy kind of beauty. There's the megalithic tombs van Brú na Bóinne, older than the Egyptian pyramids and the inspiration for some of the famous Celtic symbols of later times. Of much later date is the beautiful Blarney Castle in County Cork, known for its "Blarney Stone." According to tradition, kissing the Blarney Stone will bless a person with "the gift of the gab", or a remarkable eloquence. Achieving it requires lying back while a castle employee holds you and a photographer captures the moment. Equally interesting is the Rock of Cashel, the remains of a majestic 12th century castle overlooking the green surrounding plains.

The island's rough coast line is one of its main tourist attractions. The stunning 230m high Cliffs of Moher are a spectacular place and the most popular of the cliffs to visit. It's surely among the most dramatic spots, but only one of many scenic parts of the Irish coast. Head to Achill Island to see the Croaghaun, the highest of them all, as well as the lovely Keem Bay and other beaches. Visit the beautiful Aran Islands, where local culture has survived the test of time and green pastures are dotted with castles and churches. Drive the Wild Atlantic Way to take in more of the scenic shores, stopping for breaks in charming coastal towns. More inland there are a number of national parks worth exploring, including the limestone karst landscapes of the rest of the Burren (of which the Cliffs of Moher are part). The vast peatlands of Ballycroy National Park offer another great place for hikes, as do the lakes and forests of Killarney National Park. The pleasant town of Killarney itself is home to Ross Castle but also serves as a popular starting point for the Ring of Kerry.

• Prehistoric Ireland:Brú na Bóinne in Meath is the best known, built around 3000 BC. Trouble is, it's mobbed with tourists, with very limited access slots, and you lose the atmosphere. But Ireland is studded with equally fascinating sites, often in out-of-the-way places so they were never built over or the stone re-used, and with small risk of you having to share them with a babbling tour group. Seek them out, eg at Ahenny in Tipperary or on the wild Burren. And between the stones were the bogs. Start exploring their fascinating discoveries at the National Museum in Dublin: ornate gold jewellery and contorted bodies.
• Cells and wells, the forerunner to "Bells 'n Smells". A series of major religious leaders appeared in Ireland following 5th C St Patrick. Any place name prefixed "Kil" or "Cill", or "Kells" by itself, indicates their hermit cell or abode. They needed to live near a water source, which would become venerated as a holy or healing well. There was a second wave of monasteries in Norman times, built on the same sites, and ruins of these grander buildings are common though they were smashed after the 16th C Dissolution. Clonmacnoise, Glendalough and Rock of Cashel are fine examples. After they were ejected from their former churches, the Roman Catholics were only allowed to re-establish from the 19th C, with a wave of church and cathedral building mostly in neo-Gothic style: every major town has one.

• Round towers are to Ireland what minarets are to Turkey. Pencil-thin and dating from 9th to 12th C AD, the best intact examples are 30 m tall with a conical cap; they have only one or two windows and a doorway several metres above ground. They were bell-towers for adjacent churches, and the high doorway was simply to avoid weakening the tower base. Some 20 are in good condition, with the best at Clondalkin (Dublin), Ardmore (Waterford), Devenish (Fermanagh), Glendalough (Wicklow), Kells (Meath), Killala (Mayo), Kilmacduagh (Galway), Rattoo (Kerry), Swords (Dublin), Timahoe (Laois) and Turlough (Mayo).
• Castles sprang up under the Normans, and were variously besieged, repaired, dismantled or re-purposed over the next 400 years. Limerick has a fine example, while Dublin Castle reflects multiple eras: what you see there now is mostly Victorian. Many medieval cities had walls, such as Waterford en Kilkenny - the best of all is Derry in the north. The lowlands are also dotted with turrets or tower-houses from 15th / !6th century, effectively fortified dwellings: Blarney Castle near Cork is typical.
• Mansions, often with fine gardens, appeared when dwellings no longer needed to be stoutly defended. Lots and lots: those within an easy day-trip from Dublin are Malahide, Powerscourt at Enniskerry, and Russborough House near Blessington.
• Islands: a historic handful lie off the east coast (Dalkey near Dublin may have been a slave market) but most lie off the fractal west coast. Some are nowadays connected by road or are tidal, but substantial places that you have to fly or take a ferry to include the three Aran Islands, with a remarkable cluster of prehistoric sites. Not to neglect freshwater islands in the rivers (eg Cahir castle, and we'd best draw a veil over Lady Blessington's ablutions at Clonmel Tipperary) and in the lakes. Inis Cealtra in Lough Derg above Killaloe in Clare has a cluster of medieval sites, and Innisfree on Lough Gill near Sligo is where WB Yeats yearned to be.

Doen

Sport

Irish people love their sport. The largest sporting organisation in Ireland, and the largest amateur sporting organisation in the world, is the Gaelic Athletic Association, more commonly referred to as the GAA. The GAA governs Ireland's two national sports which are Gaelic football and hurling.

To those that have never seen it, Gaelic football could at its simplest be described as a cross between football and rugby, but there is much more to it than that. Hurling is the fastest field game in the world. If it could be categorised into a group of sports, then it would be closest to the field hockey family, but hurling is unique. No visit to Ireland, especially during the summer months, would be complete without seeing a Gaelic football or hurling match, ideally live but at least on the TV. The biggest matches of the year take place during summer culminating in the two finals which are both in September, on two separate Sundays. The All-Ireland Hurling Final is normally on the first Sunday of September and the All-Ireland Football final is on the third Sunday of September. These are the two largest individual sporting events in Ireland, so tickets are like gold dust. Croke Park, the venue for the two finals, has a capacity of 82,300 people, making it one of the largest stadiums in Europe. Those that can't get tickets will crowd around televisions and radios, and around the world Irish people will be watching or listening to the finals.

Horse racing: there are some three dozen race tracks around the country, almost every county has one or two, with Curragh and Punchestown the two big courses near Dublin. These tracks have both flat racing in summer and National Hunt (jumps / chases) in winter. There are stud farms and racehorse training stables on the lush pastures of the Irish midlands, some of which you can visit. And then there's Enniscrone in County Sligo, where they race on pigs.

Golf is another huge sport in Ireland. Ireland has many great professionals, but for the visitor there are many golf courses around the country. Golfing holidays are popular.

In rugby union, Ireland plays as a united island, with Northern Ireland included. There are four professional teams representing the historic provinces playing in the Pro14, the top European (predominantly Celtic) league: Leinster Rugby in Dublin, Ulster Rugby in Belfast, Munster Rugby mostly in Limerick with some games in Cork, and Connacht Rugby in Galway. International games are played in Dublin: those for the annual "Six Nations" tournament are likely to sell out.

Football is less well supported, though the national team does respectably in Euro and other FIFA tournaments. Most large towns have a football team, though their quality is generally low as nearly all the top Irish players play for Engels clubs.

Being an island, Ireland has many water sports. Sailing is big in Ireland. On the west coast in particular Ireland has very high seas, ideal for surfing, even if the weather isn't always great.Kitesurfing is growing everyday in Ireland, from the East to the West coast. Check Dollymount in Dublin City, Rush, Bettystown, Blackrock/Dundalk on the East Coast and Sligo (Rosses Point), Donegal, and Kerry on the west coast.

Ander

• Ireland has a bustling scene for folk and popular music; see Music in Britain and Ireland.
• Bus tours: For those wishing to experience Ireland on a budget, there are a variety of inexpensive bus tours in almost every part of the country. These tours can range from hop-on hop-off buses in major cities such as Dublin and Cork to 5-day trips through some of the most scenic parts of the country. The bus drivers/guides are generally well informed about Irish history and enjoy sharing local legends and songs with anyone happy to 'lend an ear'.
• Look up your Irish ancestors. From 1864 all births, marriages and deaths in Ireland (and Protestant marriages from 1845) were recorded by the General Register Office in Dublin, which you can search online free. Before then, those events were recorded only in parish church registers, of variable completeness. Many records have been lost, but others are well-preserved and digitised - County Clare is one good example. Tracing events pre-1864 is more difficult, especially along the female line. Sources include the parish church registers, property records, newspaper "hatches matches & dispatches" columns, Wills, trial verdicts, workhouse denizens, tombstone epitaphs, and emigrant passenger lists. Try enquiring at the County Library in the relevant county town.
• St Patrick's Day, on 17 March whenever that falls in the week, is celebrated worldwide and especially here.
• Observe centenaries: after the Great War ended, the Anglo-Irish conflict intensified as described above, leading to the partition of Ireland in 1921 and a civil war, all against the backdrop of a deadly pandemic. This means that many events are reaching their centenary, eg the Croke Park massacre of Nov 1920, which in normal circumstances would be publicly marked. Ceremonies and recognition are inevitably subdued in 2020 / 21 but visitors (especially British) should be aware of upcoming anniversaries.

Koop

Geld

Exchange rates for euros Vanaf 4 Januarie 2021: US$1 ≈ €0.816 UK£1 ≈ €1.12 Australian $1 ≈ €0.63 Canadian $1 ≈ €0.642 Wisselkoerse wissel. Huidige tariewe vir hierdie en ander geldeenhede is beskikbaar vanaf XE.com

Ireland uses the euro, the plural of which is also "euro", thus for €2 say "two euro".

Stand-alone cash machines (ATMs) are widely available in every city and town in the country and credit cards are accepted most outlets. Fees are not generally charged by Irish ATMs (but beware that your bank may charge a fee).

Along border areas, as the UK pound sterling is currency in Northern Ireland, it is common for UK pounds to be accepted as payment, with change given in Euro. Some outlets, notably border petrol stations will give change in sterling if requested.

There's a lot of cross-border shopping. It's partly driven by differences in VAT or other tax, for instance fuel has usually been cheaper in the Republic, so Northern Ireland motorists fill up south of the border. It also reflects swings in exchange rate, so Republic shoppers cross to Derry or Newry whenever their euro goes further against the UK pound.

OTM's

ATMs are widely available throughout Ireland. Even in small towns it is unlikely that you will be unable to find an ATM. Many shops and pubs will have an ATM in store, and unlike the UK, they cost the same to use as 'regular' ATMs on the street. Though in-shop ATMs are slightly more likely to run out of cash and be 'Out of Service'.

Credit cards

MasterCard, Maestro and Visa are accepted virtually everywhere. American Express and Diners Club are now also fairly widely accepted. Discover card is very rarely accepted and it would not be wise to rely on this alone. Most ATMs allow cash withdrawals on major credit cards and internationally branded debit cards.

In common with most of Europe, Ireland uses "chip and PIN" credit cards. Signature-only credit cards, such as those used in the US, should be accepted anywhere a chip and PIN card with the same brand logo is accepted. The staff will have a handheld device and will be expecting to hold the card next to it and then have you input your PIN. Instead, they will need to swipe the card and get your signature on the paper receipt it prints out. Usually this goes smoothly but you may find some staff in areas that serve few foreigners are confused or assume the card cannot be processed without a chip. It is helpful to have cash on hand to avoid unpleasant hassle even in situations where you might have been able to eventually pay by card.

Tipping

Tipping is not a general habit in Ireland. The same general rules apply as in the Verenigde Koninkryk. It is usually not customary to tip a percentage of the total bill, a few small coins is generally considered quite polite. Like most of Europe it is common to round up to the nearest note, (i.e. paying €30 for a bill of €28).

In restaurants tipping 10-15% is standard and for large groups or special occasions (wedding/anniversary/conference with banquet) tipping becomes part of the exuberance of the overall event and can be higher, indeed substantial. Tipping is not expected in bars or pubs and unnecessary in the rare bar or 'Superpub' that has toilet attendants. In taxis the fare is rounded off to the next euro for short city wide journeys, however this is more discretionary than in restaurants. In hotels a tip may be added to the bill on check out, however some guests prefer to tip individual waiters or room attendants either directly or leaving a nominal amount in the room.

In all cases, the tip should express satisfaction with the level of service.

Tax-free shopping

If you are a tourist from a non-EU country, you may be able to receive a partial refund of VAT tax (which is 23%.) However, unlike some other countries, there is no unified scheme under which a tourist can claim this refund back. The method of refund depends solely on the particular retailer and so tourists should ask the retailer before they make a purchase if they wish to receive a VAT refund.

One scheme retailers who are popular with tourists operate is private (i.e. non-governmental) VAT refund agents. Using this scheme, the shopper receives a magnetic stripe card which records the amount of purchases and VAT paid every time a purchase is made and then claims the VAT back at the airport, minus commission to the VAT refund agent, which is often quite substantial. There are multiple such VAT refund agents and so you may need to carry multiple cards and make multiple claims at the airport. However, there may nie be a VAT refund agent representative at the airport or specific terminal where you will be departing from, or it may not be open at the time you depart. In which case, getting a refund back could become more cumbersome as you may need to communicate with the VAT refund agent from your home country.

If the retailer does not operate the VAT refund agent scheme, they may tell you that all you have to do is take the receipt they produce to the airport and claim the refund at the VAT refund office at the airport. However, this is incorrect. Irish Revenue does not make any VAT refunds directly to tourists. Tourists are responsible for having receipts stamped by customs, either in Ireland upon departure or at their home country upon arrival and then send these receipts as proof of export directly to the Irish retailer which is obligated to make a VAT refund directly to the tourist. Therefore, for example, if you have made 10 different purchases at 10 different retailers, you will need to make 10 separate claims for refunds with every single retailer. However, some retailers do not participate in the scheme all together and so you may not be able to get any VAT refund from some retailers. Therefore, if you plan on receiving VAT tourist refund on your purchases in Ireland, you should be careful where you shop and which refund scheme they operate, if any.

Further details on VAT tourist refunds can be found in the document Retail Export Scheme (Tax-Free Shopping for Tourists) .

Eet

Food is expensive in Ireland, although quality has improved enormously in the last ten years. Most small towns will have a supermarket and many have a weekly farmers' market. The cheapest option for eating out is either fast food or pubs. Many pubs offer a carvery lunch consisting of roasted meat, vegetables and the ubiquitous potatoes, which is usually good value. Selection for vegetarians is limited outside the main cities. The small town of Kinsale naby Kurk has become internationally famous for its many excellent restaurants, especially fish restaurants. In the northwest of the country Donegal Town is fast becoming the seafood capital of Ireland.

Keuken

Traditional Irish cuisine could charitably be described as hearty: many traditional meals involved meat (beef, lamb, and pork), potatoes, and cabbage. Long cooking times were the norm in the past, and spices were limited to salt and pepper. The Irish diet has broadened remarkably in the past fifty years and dining is now very cosmopolitan.

Seafood chowder, Guinness Bread, Oysters, and Boxty vary regionally, and are not common throughout the entire country.

However the days when potatoes were the only thing on the menu are long gone, and modern Irish cuisine emphasizes fresh local ingredients, simply prepared and presented (sometimes with some Mediterranean-style twists). Meat (especially lamb), seafood and dairy produce is mostly of an extremely high quality.

Try some gorgeous brown soda bread, made with buttermilk and leavened with bicarbonate of soda rather than yeast. It is heavy, tasty and almost a meal in itself.

Etiquette

Only basic table manners are considered necessary when eating out, unless you're with company that has a more specific definition of what is appropriate. As a general rule, so long as you don't make a show of yourself by disturbing other diners there's little else to worry about. It's common to see other customers using their mobile phones — this sometimes attracts the odd frown or two but goes largely ignored. If you do need to take a call, keep it short and try not to raise your voice. The only other issue to be concerned about is noise — a baby crying might be forgivable if it's resolved fairly quickly, a contingent of adults laughing very loudly every couple of minutes or continuously talking out loud may attract negative attention. However, these rules are largely ignored in fast-food restaurants, pubs and some more informal restaurants.

Maak u ete klaar

By restaurante met tafelversorging kan sommige etes verwag dat die rekening outomaties na die laaste gang aangebied word, maar in Ierland moet u dalk vra dat dit afgelewer word. Gewoonlik word koffie en tee aan die einde van die ete aangebied wanneer u skottelgoed verwyder, en as u nie wil hê nie, is die beste antwoord: "Nee dankie, net die rekening, asseblief." Andersins sal die personeel aanvaar dat u wil vertoef totdat u spesifiek om die rekening vra.

Drink

Bier

Pints ​​(net meer as 'n halwe liter) Guinness begin ongeveer € 4,20 per pint en kan tot 7,00 € in toeriste-hotspots in Dublin word.

Een van Ierland se bekendste uitvoerprodukte is sterk: 'n donker, romerige bier, die gewildste is Guinness wat in Dublin gebrou word. Murphy's en Beamish stout word in Cork gebrou en is hoofsaaklik in die suide van die land beskikbaar. Murphy's is effens soeter en romeriger as Guinness, terwyl Beamish, hoewel ligter, 'n subtiele, amper verbrande smaak het. Die keuse van 'n Beamish of Murphy's in Cork is beslis 'n aanvangsgesprek en waarskynlik die begin van 'n lang gesprek as u sê dat u dit eerder as Guinness verkies.

Verskeie mikro-brouerye vervaardig nou hul eie interessante variëteite, waaronder O'Hara's in Carlow, die Porter House in Dublin en die Franciscan Well Brewery in Cork. Ales soos Smithwick's is ook gewild, veral in landelike gebiede. Bulmers Cider (buite die Republiek bekend as 'Magners Cider') is ook 'n gewilde Ierse drankie wat algemeen beskikbaar is. Dit word in Clonmel, Co Tipperary, gebrou.

Whisky

Die 'e' in die naam is net so belangrik soos die gort en die sprankelende waters in die promosievideo van die distilleerdery, net voordat hulle u vra om u ouderdom te bevestig. Whisky / whisky is 'n gedistilleerde gees van 40% alkohol, en 'n beskermde handelsnaam - produkte wat aldus beskryf word, mag slegs volgens spesifieke metodes en bestanddele uit die streek vervaardig word, wat hul pryspremie regverdig. Ierland het verskeie groot handelsmerke soos Jameson en Tullamore, en dit is ook baie drinkbaar: sláinte! Maar wat ontbreek, is die karakter van single malt whisky soos dit in Skotland voorkom, hoewel Ierland beslis die bestanddele en die kundigheid het om dit te maak. Dit kom geleidelik na die mark (met inagneming van die minimum 3-jarige verblyf in 'n vat) van byvoorbeeld Teeling in Dublin en Athru in Sligo.

Kroeë

Byna alle kroeë in Ierland is 'gratis huise', dit wil sê dat hulle drank uit enige brouery kan verkoop en nie aan een brouery gekoppel is nie (anders as die Verenigde Koninkryk). U kan dieselfde handelsmerke drink in alle kroeë in Ierland regoor die land.

Alkohol kan in Ierland relatief duur wees, veral in toeristegebiede. Plaaslike weeklikse geleentheidstydskrifte bevat egter inligting oor 'Happy Hours' wanneer 'n verlies van bars met € 3 bier lei, of twee vir die prys van een aanbied. Happy Hours kan al om 15:00 begin en duur tot 21:00. Sommige kroeë bied kruike bier wat gewoonlik net meer as drie pint bevat, teen € 10 tot € 11.

Kroeë moet hul laaste drankies om 23:30 Sondag tot Donderdag en 00:30 op Vrydag en Saterdag bedien, gewoonlik gevolg deur 'n halfuur 'drinktyd'. Nagklubs dien tot 02:00.

Dit is onwettig om in alle kroeë in Ierland te rook. Sommige kroeë het biertuine, gewoonlik 'n verhitte buitelugarea waar rook toegelaat word.

Slegs in Ierland

• McCarthys die Undertaker en Bar in Fethard, County Tipperary sal sien dat u op die een of ander manier gesorteer is.
• Klip die kraaie in Sligo Helaas aanvaar dooie kraaie helaas nie meer as betaling nie, maar u kan altyd probeer om een ​​oor die kontaklose masjien te vee.
• Carroll Afslaers in Kilmallock, County Limerick het op die een of ander manier 'n kroeg in 'n kroeg, pasop hoe u vir 'n ander ronde aandui.
• In Donovan's Hotel in Clonakilty, County Cork, lig 'n glas na die enigste bemanningslid van die USAF wat 'n ongeluk oorleef, maar wees dan dronk deur die oorweldigende Ierse gasvryheid. Hy was Tojo, 'n aap. Hy het moontlik opgevolg, aangesien die bemanning gedink het hulle is oor Noorweë.
• A Tholsel is 'n ou styl van burgerlike gebou, amper uniek aan Ierland. Dit beteken 'tolsaal' - 'n mengsel van belastinginvordering, raadskantoor, marksaal en hofsaal voordat dit in afsonderlike persele ontwikkel het. Slegs 'n halfdosyn oorleef en die Tholsel binne Nuwe Ross, County Wexford is nou 'n kroeg.
• Op Ring-skiereiland naby Dungarvan in County Waterford moes daar soveel hongerslagoffers in die massagrafkerk begrawe word, dat hulle 'n kroeg moes bou vir al die grafdelwers en waens. Dit word genoem 'N Seanachai en dien nog steeds.
• McHales in Castlebar, County Mayo, is die enigste plek wat nog steeds Guinness deur die "meejum" bedien. Hierdie obskure maatstaf is ietwat minder as 'n pint, maar is nêrens presies omskryf nie en kan inderdaad nie wees nie, danksy 'n slordige botsing tussen handelswetgewing en kwantumonsekerheid.

Slaap

Daar is hotelle van alle standaarde, waaronder baie luuks. Bed-en-ontbyt-akkommodasie is algemeen beskikbaar. Dit is gewoonlik baie vriendelik, dikwels deur 'n gesin en 'n goeie waarde. Daar is onafhanklike koshuise wat bemark word as Onafhanklike vakansie hostels van Ierland, wat almal goedgekeur is deur die toerismeraad. Daar is ook 'n amptelike jeugherbergvereniging, 'N Óige (Iers vir Die jeug). Hierdie koshuise is dikwels op afgeleë en pragtige plekke, hoofsaaklik ontwerp vir die buitelug. Daar is amptelike kampplekke, hoewel minder as baie lande (gegewe die klimaat). Wilde kampering word verdra, maar probeer toestemming - veral waar u sigbaar is vanuit die huis van die grondeienaar. Kamp nooit in 'n veld waarin vee aanwesig is nie. Daar is ook spesialisverblyfplekke soos vuurtorings, kastele en ringforte.

Leer

'N Paar nuttige Ierse frases: Asseblief: Le do thoil (Leh duh romp) Totsiens: Slán (Slawn) Hoe gaan dit? Conas atá tú? / Cén chaoi ina bhfuil tú? (cunas a taw two) (suikerriet in 'n vuill twee) Hallo: Dia duit (dee a gwit) Dankie: Gaan raibh maith agat (guh rev mah agat) Môre: Amárach ('n kalksteen) Verskoon my: Gabh mo leithscéal (Gaan muh leh scayl) Wat is jou naam? Cad is ainm duit? (kabeljou is 'n beeld (ch)) Cheers!: Sláinte (slawn cha)

Dit is lekker om 'n paar frases Iers te leer, maar dit is onnodig, want almal praat Engels. Besoekers wat Iers wil leer, kan gebruik maak van taalkursusse wat spesifiek daarvoor ontwerp is. Die bekendste word verskaf deur Oideas Gael in Donegal en die Gaelic League (Conradh na Gaeilge), wat in Dublin gesetel is. Hulle neem ervare onderwysers in diens wat ten doel het om u met basiese vlotheid toe te rus en u 'n inleiding tot die kultuur te gee. U sal gereeld met mense van 'n verrassende verskeidenheid lande sit - miskien so ver as Japan. Selfs 'n kort kursus kan aspekte van Ierland openbaar wat meer gemaklike toeriste kan mis. U word egter sterk aangeraai om vooraf die datums na te gaan en te bespreek.

Werk

Ierland is deel van die Europese Unie / Europese Ekonomiese Ruimte en as sodanig het enige EU / EER / Switserse burger outomaties die reg om in Ierland te begin werk. Nie EU / EER-burgers benodig gewoonlik 'n werkspermit en visum. Verdere inligting kan gevind word op Inligting vir burgers, die Ierse regering se inligtingswebwerf vir openbare dienste.

Bly veilig

Die polisiemag staan ​​bekend as 'N Garda Síochána, (letterlik 'Vredeswagte'), of net 'Garda', en polisiebeamptes as Garda (enkelvoud) en Gardaí (meervoud, uitgespreek Gar-dee), hoewel informeel die Engelse term Guard (s) gewoonlik is. Die term polisie word selde gebruik, maar word natuurlik verstaan. Ongeag wat u hulle noem, hulle is hoflik en toeganklik. Uniforme lede van die Garda Síochána dra nie vuurwapens nie, maar die polisie is daar Noord-Ierland doen. Vuurwapens word egter vervoer deur speurders en beamptes wat by spesiale polisie-eenhede toegewys is. Die polisie se veiligheidskontroles op die Shannon-lughawe kan moeilik wees as u alleenreisiger is.

Misdaad is volgens die meeste Europese standaarde relatief laag, maar is nie so verskillend van aard as misdaad in ander lande nie. Laatnagstrate in groter dorpe en stede kan soos oral gevaarlik wees. Moenie alleen na sononder in verlate gebiede in Dublin of Cork loop nie, en maak seker dat u weer huis toe gaan, verkieslik in 'n taxi. Gelukkig hou die meeste geweldsmisdaad drank- of dwelmverwante verband in. Om bloot die sigbaar verswakte te vermy, kan u uit die meeste moontlike probleme hou. As u Gardaí, ambulans, brandweer, kuswag of bergredding 999 of 112 benodig as noodnommer; albei werk vanaf landlyntelefone en selfone.

In die onwaarskynlike geval dat u deur 'n dief gekonfronteer word, moet u daarop let dat Ierse misdadigers oor die algemeen nie bang is om hulle tot geweld te wend nie. Gee enige waardevolle artikels wat hulle vra en nie teëstaan ​​nie, oor, aangesien rampokkers waarskynlik skerp of stomp wapens by hulle moet hê. Meld dit onmiddellik aan as u die slagoffer van 'n misdaad is. CCTV-kameradekking in stede en stede is redelik uitgebrei, en 'n tydige oproep kan help om u verlore besittings op te spoor.

Baie paaie in die land is smal en kronkelend, en daar is 'n toename in verkeersdigtheid. Ierland verbeter sy paaie, maar as gevolg van finansiële beperkings word baie slaggate nie betyds herstel nie. As u 'n gehuurde motor gebruik, hou u oë oop vir enige slaggate in die pad, want selfs die kleinste daarvan kan 'n kanteling of botsing veroorsaak.

Bly gesond

"Geseënd is die pasaangeërs" - Seamus Heaney, herstel in 2006 van 'n beroerte

Water

Kraanwater is oor die algemeen drinkbaar. In sommige geboue moet u drinkwater uit badkamers, wat herwin kan word of uit waterputte gehaal word, vermy.

Rook

Byna alle ingeslote werkplekke in Ierland, insluitend kroeë, restaurante, kafees, word as rookvry aangedui. Ierland was die eerste Europese land wat die rookverbod in kroeë toegepas het. Kamers in hotelle en bed-en-ontbyt-inrigtings is nie vereis volgens wet rookvry wees. Al is hulle nie verplig om die verbod toe te pas nie, kan eienaars van hierdie ondernemings dit doen as hulle wil. Die meeste hotelle het 'n aantal slaapkamers of vloere wat as rook aangedui word en sommige is rookvry. Daarom moet u tydens die bespreking spesifiseer of u dit verkies. Die rookverbod is ook van toepassing op gemeenskaplike areas in geboue. Dit beteken byvoorbeeld dat gange, voorportale en ontvangsareas van geboue soos woonstelblokke en hotelle ook deur die wet gedek word.

Die meeste groter kroeë en kafees het 'n (onderdak) rookarea buite, dikwels met verwarming. Dit is 'n uitstekende manier om plaaslike inwoners te ontmoet. 'N Nuwe konsep genaamd' smirting 'is ontwikkel:' rook 'en' flirt '. As daar nie 'n rookarea in die buitelug is nie, moet u daarop let dat dit onwettig is om alkohol op straat te gebruik, sodat u dalk aan die kroeg moet drink.

Enige persoon wat skuldig bevind word aan die oortreding van die verbod op rook in die werkplek, kan onderhewig wees aan 'n boete van tot € 3.000.

Respek

Besoekers aan Ierland sal vind dat die Iere ongelooflik verwelkomend, vriendelik en toeganklik is. U kan die plaaslike inwoners vryelik om advies nader en u kan hulle spesifieke aanwysings vra oor waarheen u êrens heen kan gaan.

In kleiner dorpe en dorpe, veral op 'n plattelandse pad, is dit gebruiklik om aangenaam uit te ruil as u iemand verbystap. Hulle kan u ook vra "hoe gaan dit?" Of 'n ander soortgelyke variasie. 'N Eenvoudige hallo of "hoe gaan dit?" of 'n eenvoudige opmerking oor die weer sal voldoende wees.

Die Iere het 'n ontspanne en buigsame beskouing van tyd; Dit is nie ongewoon dat hulle 'n paar minute laat is met iets nie. As u 'n huis besoek of na 'n besigheidsuitnodiging gaan, is dit raadsaam om betyds te kontak.

Die Iere staan ​​bekend vir hul sin vir humor, maar dit kan moeilik wees om te verstaan ​​vir toeriste wat nie vertroud is daarmee nie. Die Iere sal grappies maak oor hulself of ander kulture, en dit lyk asof hulle verdraagsaam is teenoor nie-onderdane wat oor die Iere skerts, maar pasop dat dit maklik is om aanstoot te gee.

Dit is nie ongewoon dat die Iere 'God', 'Jesus' sê nie, en / of vloekwoorde in gesprekke gebruik nie, veral nie as u iemand goed ken nie. Moet u nie hierdeur afskrik nie, want die Iere is nie van plan om u op enige manier ongemaklik te maak nie.

By die aanvaarding van geskenke is 'n beleefde weiering algemeen na die eerste aanbod van die item. Gewoonlik word dit gevolg met die aandrang dat die geskenk of aanbod aanvaar moet word, en dan sal 'n weiering ernstiger opgeneem word. Sommige mense kan egter baie oortuigend wees - dit is nie bedagsaam nie, maar net hoflik.

Die Iere reageer gewoonlik op 'n "dankie" met "Dit was niks" of "glad nie" ("Níl a bhuíochas ort" in Iers). Dit beteken nie dat hulle nie hard probeer het om tevrede te stel nie; dit is eerder bedoel om voor te stel "Ek was bly om dit vir u te doen, so dit was nie 'n probleem nie", alhoewel dit moontlik was. Dit kan dikwels ook beteken dat hulle verwag dat hulle op 'n stadium 'n guns van u kan vra of dat u op die een of ander manier skuld het aan die persoon wat iets vir u gedoen het. Daar is 'n aansienlike hoeveelheid "jy krap my rug, ek sal jou s'n krap" verskans in die Ierse kultuur.

Besprekings oor godsdiens, politiek en die probleme word gewoonlik deur plaaslike inwoners vermy. Die menings tussen individue is so verdeeld en onversetlik dat die meeste Iere met gematigde sienings gewoond geraak het om die onderwerpe bloot in beleefde gesprekke te vermy, veral omdat byna almal in klein dorpies mekaar ken. Buitelandse burgers wat beweer dat hulle 'net' vanweë 'n voorouer 'Iers' is, sal waarskynlik vermaak kry, alhoewel dit dalk ergernis of woede kan word as hulle dan hul mening oor die probleme uitspreek.

LGBT-besoekers sal die meeste Ierse mense aanvaar om paartjies van dieselfde geslag te aanvaar, hoewel openlike openbaring van geneentheid skaars is, behalwe in Dublin en Cork City. Ierland het burgerlike vennootskappe in 2011 ingestel en gestem om te wettig huwelike van dieselfde geslag in 2015. Konserwatiewe waardes kan steeds in Ierland gevind word, veral by die ouer geslagte. Soos in baie ander lande, is die jonger generasies oor die algemeen meer aanvaarbaar. Ierland het wette teen diskriminasie wat hoofsaaklik vir die werkplek geld, alhoewel daar min gevalle voorgehou is. In 2015 het meningspeilings wat gelei het tot die referendum oor die huweliksgelykheid, byna sonder afwyking herhaaldelik getoon dat ongeveer 75% van die Iere die huweliksregte steun.

Verbind

Telefoonnommers in hierdie gids word gegee in die vorm dat u dit van buite Ierland sal skakel. As u 'n vaste lyn in Ierland gebruik, moet die internasionale skakelvoorvoegsel en landkode 353 deur 'n enkele 0 vervang word. Die meeste landlyne en selfone aanvaar egter die voorvoegsel 00353 of 353 om Ierland te skakel.

Per selfoon

Daar is meer selfone as mense in Ierland, en die meerderheid hiervan is vooraf betaal. Telefoonkrediet is beskikbaar by baie kleinhandelaars, gewoonlik in denominasies van € 5 tot € 40. Sommige kleinhandelaars vra 'n klein kommissie vir hierdie krediet, die meeste nie.

Na 'n reeks samesmeltings is daar vanaf 2020 drie mobiele netwerke in Ierland:

- Eirmobile (met Meteor): 085

- Drie (met O2, BlueFace, Lycamobile, iD mobile, Virgin Mobile, 48 en Tesco mobile): 083, 086 en 089

- Vodafone (wat Postfone insluit): 087

Dublin het 'n uitstekende dekking, insluitend 5G. Kontroleer ander individuele dorpe vir netwerkdekking - die kleinste plekke behalwe 'n sein, maar dit is moontlik nie die naderingspaaie of omliggende platteland nie. Naby die grens met Noord-Ierland kan u selfoon aan 'n Britse netwerk koppel, wat ekstra koste kan inhou.

Telefone van oral in die EU plus die Verenigde Koninkryk word deur 'n swerwingsooreenkoms gedek - dit gaan voort alhoewel die Verenigde Koninkryk die EU verlaat het. Eienaars van telefone van elders moet hul waarskynlike gebruik en rekening bereken deur hul gewone telefoon in Ierland te gebruik, en besluit of hulle daarby hou, of 'n Ierse SIM-kaart koop, of 'n Ierse telefoon reguit koop - dit kan goedkoper wees vir verblyf ouer as 2 maande.

Wat van u kragtoevoer / -adapters? Ierland gebruik dieselfde spanning en proppe as die Verenigde Koninkryk; sien Elektriese stelsels. Die lughawens en groot stede verkoop adapters.

As u nie 'n chip- en PIN-bankkaart het nie (die meeste Amerikaanse debiet- en kredietkaarte het nie 'n chip nie) en permanente kontakinligting in Ierland (landlyn, adres), kan u in sommige gevalle probleme ondervind om die telefoondiens te betaal. U moet dalk kontant in euro's betaal.

Nie-geografiese getalle

Nie-geografiese getalle is dié wat nie spesifiek vir 'n geografiese streek is nie, en wat teen dieselfde koers gehef word, ongeag waar die oproeper hom bevind.

Oproeptipe	Beskrywing	Voorvoegsel vir skakelkies
Gratis telefoon	Vry van alle telefoonlyne	1800
Gedeelde koste (vasgestel)	Koste een oproepeenheid (gewoonlik 6,5 sent)	1850
Gedeelde koste (tydsberekening) (ook bekend as Lo-call)	Kos die prys van 'n plaaslike oproep	1890
Universele toegang	Koste dieselfde as 'n nie-plaaslike oproep / trunkbelbel	0818
Premiekoers	Oor die algemeen duurder as ander oproepe	1520 aan 1580

Bel huis toe

Betaalfone het redelik skaars geword, maar dit is steeds in beperkte getalle beskikbaar. Die meeste neem euromuntstukke, voorafbetaalde telefoonkaarte en groot kredietkaarte in. U kan ook die heffings omgekeer of u belkaart gebruik deur die instruksies op die skerm te volg.

Om buite Ierland te skakel: 00 land kode area kode plaaslike nommer. Om byvoorbeeld 'n Spaanse selfoon te bel, is dit 00 34 6 12345678.

Om Noord-Ierland vanaf Ierland te skakel 'n spesiale kode bestaan; stuur die 028-areakode van die plaaslike Noord-Ierland en vervang dit deur 048. Dit word dan teen die goedkoper National Irish-tarief gehef, in plaas van 'n internasionale tarief. Sommige verskaffers aanvaar 44 28 as 'n nasionale tarief wanneer hulle na Noord-Ierland skakel.

Om 'n Ierse nommer van binne Ierland te skakel: Skakel eenvoudig al die syfers, insluitend die area kode. U kan ook die areakode laat val as u vanuit die gebied en op 'n vaste telefoon bel, maar dit maak geen verskil aan die koste of routering nie. Die sone is altyd nodig vir oproepe vanaf selfone.

Vaste lynnommers het die volgende areakodes:

• 01 (Dublin en dele van omliggende provinsies)
• 02x (kurk)
• 04xx (dele van Wicklow en Noordoos-Midlands, uitgesluit 048)
• 048 (Noord-Ierland)
• 05x (Middellande en Suid-Ooste)
• 06x (Suidwes en Midde-Wes)
• 07x (Noordwes, uitgesluit 076)
• 076 (VoIP)
• 08x (Persoon en selfone)
• 09xx (Middelland en Wes)

Operatiediens is nie beskikbaar via betaaltelefone of selfone nie.

Nooddienste skakel 999 of 112 (Pan-Europese kode wat parallel loop). Dit is gelykstaande aan 911 in die VSA / Kanada en is gratis van enige telefoon.

Gidsinligting word deur mededingende ondernemers voorsien deur middel van die volgende kodes (oproepkoste wissel na gelang van wat hulle aanbied, en 118 kodes word sterk geadverteer):

• 118 11 (Eir)
• 118 50 (kanaal)
• 118 90

Hierdie maatskappye bied gewoonlik die afhandeling van oproepe, maar teen 'n baie hoë prys, en almal sal die nommer per sms na u selfoon stuur as u daarheen skakel.

Postariewe

Posdienste word gelewer deur 'N Pos. Die koste vir die stuur van poskaarte en briewe is:

• Binnelandse pos (eiland Ierland): €1.00 (tot 100 g)
• Internasionale pos (alle ander bestemmings): €1.70 (tot 100 g)

Hierdie tariewe is korrek vanaf Augustus 2019.