Brasilië - Brazil

Brasilië (Portugees: Brasilië) is die grootste land in Suid-Amerika en die vyfde grootste ter wêreld. Brasilië is 'n ongelooflike uiteenlopende land, in mense, kultuur en landskappe - vanaf die beroemde somerkarnaval in Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Olinda, en Recife tot die wilde krag van die natuur in die Amazon en Iguaçu-waterval. U vind bedrywige stede, ontspanne strande en tradisionele lewenswyses, dikwels reg langs mekaar. Die Brasiliaanse kultuur, wat baie oor die land heen wissel, kom uit 'n internasionale mengsel van Europese koloniseerders, Afrika- en Asiatiese gemeenskappe (veral in Salvador en São Paulo, onderskeidelik), en inheemse invloed regdeur die land.

Streke

Brasilië is die vyfde grootste land op aarde. Dit is in vyf streke verdeel, hoofsaaklik rondom staatslyne, maar hulle volg ook min of meer natuurlike, ekonomiese en kulturele grenslyne.

Stede

Brasilië het baie opwindende stede, wat wissel van mooi koloniale dorpe en kus skuilplekke tot gejaagde, lewendige metropole; dit is enkele van die meer prominente reisbestemmings:

• -15.793889-47.8827781 Brasília - Die hoofstad van Brasilië, en 'n argitektoniese skouspel. Opvallende geboue sluit in 'n katedraal met 'n mandjie, die pragtige Arches-paleis (setel van die Ministerie van Justisie) en ander.
• -27.5717-48.62562 Florianópolis - Die stad is geleë op 'n eiland in die Atlantiese Oseaan in die suidelike staat Santa Catarina, met mere, strandmere, wonderlike natuur en meer as 40 skoon, pragtige, natuurlike strande. Belangrike bestemming vir Argentyne gedurende die somermaande.
• -3.718333-38.5427783 Fortaleza - Die 4de grootste stad in Brasilië, geseënd met pragtige strande. Tuiste van die straatmark van Iracema Beach. 'N Goeie basis om die strande van die noordoostelike kus te verken, insluitend Jericoacoara. Bekend vir forró-musiek en komediante.
• -3.1-60.0166674 Manaus - Geleë in die hart van die Amasone, is die hoofstad van Amazonas Staat en dit is ook die grootste stad van die Amasone. By Manaus kom die riviere Negro en Solimões bymekaar om die Amazonasrivier te word. Die beste plek om die Amazone-reënwoud te besoek. Dit is 'n poort na die Anavilhanas en die Jaú Nasionale Park.
• -30.033056-51.235 Porto Alegre - 'n belangrike stad tussen Argentinië en São Paulo en toegang tot Brasilië se wonderlike groen klowe.
• -8.05-34.96 Recife - 'n Groot stad in die Noordoostelike streek, oorspronklik gevestig deur Nederlandse koloniseerders. Die bynaam "The Brazilian Venice", is gebou op verskeie eilande wat deur baie brûe verbind word. Ryk aan geskiedenis, kuns en folklore. Moenie buurlande mis nie Olinda en Porto de Galinhas. Die stad is ook 'n poort na die wonderlike argipel van Fernando de Noronha.
• -22.908333-43.1963897 Rio de Janeiro - Wêreldbekende, pragtige stad wat besoekers verwelkom met daardie groot standbeeld van 'n ooparm Jesus bo op Corcovado Hill.
• -12.974722-38.4766678 Salvador - Die eerste hoofstad van Brasilië is die tuiste van 'n unieke mengsel van inheemse, Afrika- en Europese kulture. Die karnavalpret is beroemd, en die invloed van die Afrika-kultuur en godsdiens is opmerklik.
• -23.55-46.6333339 São Paulo - Brasilië se grootste, rykste en mees kosmopolitiese stad, waar u sterk invloede van verskillende etnisiteite kan vind, waaronder Italiaans, Koreaans, Japannees, Duits, Russies, Karibies en Arabies.

Ander bestemmings

• -4.439444-56.8402781 Amazônia - oerwoudtoere, wild, gedrewe hout, die raaisels van die Amasone
• -12.880278-41.3722222 Chapada Diamantina Nasionale Park
• -14.083333-47.6666673 Chapada dos Veadeiros – cerrado (tropiese savanne) wild en pragtige watervalle
• -3.853808-32.4237864 Fernando de Noronha - 'n tropiese eilandparadys in die middel van die Atlantiese oseaan, word sedert 1997 as 'n mariene nasionale park beskerm en 'n UNESCO Wêrelderfenisgebied
• -23.15-44.2333335 Ilha Grande
• -25.686667-54.4447226 Iguaçu-waterval - wêreldbekende watervalle
• -0.983333-49.5833337 Ilha do Marajó- wêreld se grootste varswatereiland
• -2.533333-43.1166678 Lençóis Maranhenses- varswater- en duinepark; halwe duine, halwe mere.
• -18-56.59 Pantanal - die wêreld se grootste vleiland (moeras) huisves baie ekotoerisme en groot biodiversiteit, waaronder kaaimans, jaguars, anakondas, reusagtige miereniers, primate, reuse-otters en piranha's

Verstaan

“	Dit is maklik om die individuele voorwerpe van bewondering in hierdie groot tonele te spesifiseer; maar dit is nie moontlik om 'n voldoende idee te gee van die hoër gevoelens van verwondering, verbasing en toewyding wat die verstand vul en verhef nie.	”
—Charles Darwin, Voyage of the Beagle, rakende Brasilië

Geskiedenis

Voordat Columbus in die Amerikas aangekom het, was die gebied wat tans bekend staan ​​as Brasilië, die tuiste van mense in die meeste lande Tupi en Guarani Etniese groepe. Kolonisering deur die Portugese begin laat in die 16de eeu, met die onttrekking van waardevolle hout uit die pau brasil boom, waaruit die land sy naam trek. Brasilië is gekoloniseer en ontwikkel deur die Portugese en nie die Spanjaarde nie, wat baie van die Amerikas geëis het. Oos - Brasilië was 'n uitgangspunt op die Kaapse roete tussen Europa en Asië. Gedurende die Portugese regering het sommige dele van Brasilië tussen 1630 en 1654 'n Nederlandse kolonie gevorm. Nederlanders het verskeie stede, soos Mauritsville, en baie suikerrietplantasies gestig. Die Nederlanders het 'n wrede oerwoudoorlog met die Portugese gevoer, en sonder die steun van die Republiek van hul vaderland as gevolg van 'n oorlog met Engeland, het die Nederlanders hulle aan die Portugese oorgegee, hoewel hulle nie die Portugese bewind amptelik erken het nie, wat gelei het tot 'n all- uit oorlog met Portugal aan die kus van Portugal in 1656. In 1665 is die Vredesverdrag van Den Haag onderteken, Portugal het sy Asiatiese kolonies verloor en moes 63 ton goud betaal om die Nederlandse Republiek te vergoed vir die verlies van sy kolonie.

Brasilië het in 1808 die middelpunt van die Portugese Ryk geword, toe die koning Dom João VI (Johannes VI) van Napoleon se inval in Portugal gevlug het en homself en sy regering in die stad Rio de Janeiro.

Die volgende vier eeue is voortgesette ontginning van die land se natuurlike hulpbronne soos goud en rubber, tesame met die opkoms van 'n ekonomie wat hoofsaaklik gebaseer is op suiker, koffie en Afrika-slawewerk. Die kerstening en uitbuiting van inboorlinge het voortgegaan, en in die 19de en 20ste eeu het 'n tweede immigrasiegolf plaasgevind, hoofsaaklik Italiaans, Duits (in die suide van Brasilië), Spaans, Japannees (in die staat São Paulo) en Portugees, wat bydra tot die aantal faktore wat gegenereer het vandag se ingewikkelde en unieke Brasiliaanse kultuur en samelewing.

Na drie eeue onder die heerskappy van Portugal het Brasilië op 7 September 1822 'n onafhanklike nasie geword. Tot 1889 was Brasilië 'n Ryk onder die heerskappy van Dom Pedro I en sy seun Dom Pedro II. Teen hierdie tyd het dit 'n opkomende internasionale moondheid geword. Slawerny, wat aanvanklik wydverspreid was, is deur opeenvolgende wetgewing beperk tot die finale afskaffing daarvan in 1888. Baie faktore het bygedra tot die val van die monargie en die opkoms van die nominale Republikeinisme daarna, maar daar was in werklikheid militêre ingryping in Brasilië na die herfs van die ryk tot 1894. Sedertdien is die demokrasie in Brasilië onderbreek deur staatsgrepe en diktature tot 1985, toe 'n nuwe burgerlike en demokratiese regering verkies is en 'n nuwe grondwet twee jaar later ingestel is.

Verreweg die grootste, mees bevolkte en welvarende land in Latyns-Amerika, het dit uit meer as twee dekades (1964-1985) van militêre diktatuur in die regering van die land ontstaan ​​om demokratiese heerskappy na te streef, terwyl die uitdagings van die voortsetting van sy industriële en landbougroei en die ontwikkeling van sy binneland. Brasilië benut tans groot natuurlike hulpbronne, 'n enorme geografiese gebied en 'n groot arbeidspoel, en is tans die voorste ekonomiese mag in Latyns-Amerika en 'n streeksleier, wat die mense soos Mexiko en Argentinië. Politieke korrupsie, soos in die meeste van Latyns-Amerika, en groot hindernisse vir toegang tot markte, insluitende arbeid, is steeds dringende probleme. Die gevolg hiervan is hoë misdaadsyfers, veral in groot stede.

Die 'pienk gety' in die Latyns-Amerikaanse politiek het 'n groter ekonomiese verskil in Brasilië veroorsaak, net soos in ander lande, met politieke klasse wat in rykdom en aantal groei, terwyl mense met 'n swak opvoeding en politiek swak verband hou met groot hindernisse vir toegang tot arbeidsmarkte, hoër onderwys en ander markte. Ontevredenheid met die Brasiliaanse regering het tydens die 2014 Wêreldbeker-sokkertoernooi en weer tydens die Olimpiese Somerspele in 2016 in openlike betogings uitgebreek. Regeringsmagte het mense met geweld uit hul huise begin verwyder voordat die toernooie begin het, en die reaksie op die betogings was volgens die meeste rekenings wreed. Sommige betogers wys op die absurditeit van die bou van duur stadions op verre plekke as mense in krotbuurte woon sonder eiendomsreg.

Die wye misnoeë met die ekonomie het gelei tot die verkiesing van die verregse populistiese kandidaat Jair Bolsonaro as president in 2018. Bolsonaro het belowe om die beskerming van die omgewing te beëindig en inheemse regte en minderheidsregte terug te trek in ruil vir die strewe na ekonomiese ontwikkeling, alhoewel dit die land se land sal beïnvloed. menseregte-rekord en die lewens van gewone Brasiliane moet nog gesien word.

Regering en politiek

Brasilië is 'n federale republiek, geskoei op die Amerikaanse presidensiële stelsel. Die mense kies direk 'n president wat beide staatshoof en regeringshoof is. Die president word vir 'n termyn van vier jaar verkies, met die reg op slegs een herverkiesing.

Die wetgewende tak is die National Congress, 'n tweekamer-parlement wat bestaan ​​uit die Federale Senaat en die Kamer van Afgevaardigdes. Albei huise word direk verkies. Senaatslede word elke 4 jaar gekies, met een of twee derdes elke 8 jaar. Lede van die Kamer van Afgevaardigdes word verkies deur die proporsionele verteenwoordiging van elke staat. Die Hooggeregshof, die Hooggeregshof en ander hooggeregshowe, die Nasionale Raad vir Justisie en die plaaslike federale howe vorm die regterlike tak. Die politieke stelsel volg 'n veelpartystelsel. Die belangrikste politieke partye in Brasilië is die Workers Party, die Braziliaanse Demokratiese Beweging, die Braziliaanse Social Democracy Party en die Democrats.

Een van die grootste probleme in die Brasiliaanse politiek is korrupsie. Kliëntelisme, nepotisme, politieke begunstiging en oorprysing van openbare fondse is algemeen, hoewel dit stadigaan afneem sedert die ondersoek na Operasie Car Wash in 2014. Daarbenewens is politieke partye in Brasilië geneig om baie gefragmenteerd te wees.

Kultuur

As gevolg van Brasilië se kontinentale dimensies, uiteenlopende geografie, geskiedenis en mense, is die land se kultuur ryk en uiteenlopend. Dit het verskillende streeksvariasies, en ondanks die feit dat dit meestal deur 'n enkele taal verenig word, verskil sommige streke so van mekaar dat hulle heeltemal na verskillende lande lyk.

Musiek speel 'n belangrike rol in die Brasiliaanse identiteit. Style soos choro, samba en bossa nova word eg Brasiliaans beskou. Caipira musiek is ook in die wortels van sertanejo, die nasionale ekwivalent aan boeremusiek. MPB staan ​​vir Brasiliaanse Populêre Musiek, wat verskeie nasionale style onder een konsep meng. Forró, 'n noordoostelike gelukkige dansmusiekstyl, het ook landwyd algemeen geword. Nuwe stedelike style sluit in funk - 'n naam wat gegee word aan 'n dansmusiekgenre uit Rio's favelas wat swaar elektroniese beats en dikwels raps rapping meng - en tegno-brega, 'n skare-genot in Noord-state, wat romantiese pop, dansmusiek en Karibiese ritmes versmelt.

'N Mengsel van vegkuns, dans, musiek en spel, capoeira is deur Afrika-slawe na Brasilië gebring, hoofsaaklik van Portugese kolonies Angola. Dit word onderskei deur lewendige ingewikkelde bewegings en gepaardgaande musiek, en kan in baie Brasiliaanse stede gesien en beoefen word.

In die klassieke musiek is die moderne periode veral opmerklik as gevolg van die werke van komponiste soos Heitor Villa-Lobos en Camargo Guarnieri, wat 'n tipiese Brasiliaanse skool geskep het, wat elemente van die tradisionele Europese klassieke musiek in die Brasiliaanse ritmes vermeng, terwyl ander komponiste soos Cláudio Santoro het die riglyne van die Second School of Vienna nagevolg. In die romantiese periode was die grootste naam Antonio Carlos Gomes, skrywer van 'n paar opera's in Italiaanse styl met tipiese Brasiliaanse temas, soos Il Guarany en Lo Schiavo. In die klassieke periode is José Maurício Nunes Garcia, die priester wat beide heilige en sekulêre musiek geskryf het en baie beïnvloed is deur die Weense klassieke styl van die 18de en vroeë 19de eeu.

Candomble en Umbanda is godsdienste met Afrika-wortels wat vooroordele en vervolging oorleef het en steeds 'n belangrike aanhang in Brasilië het. Hulle plekke van kultus word genoem terreiros en baie is oop om te besoek.

Inheems eienskappe kan oral in die Brasiliaanse kultuur gevind word, van kookkuns tot woordeskat. Daar woon nog baie inheemse groepe en stamme in alle Brasiliaanse streke, alhoewel baie deur die Westerse kultuur diep beïnvloed is, en verskeie van die land se oorlewende inheemse tale loop die gevaar om heeltemal te verdwyn. Die tradisionele leefstyl en grafiese uitdrukkings van die inheemse groep Wajãpi uit die staat Amapá is geproklameer a Meesterstuk van die wêreld se ontasbare erfenis deur UNESCO. Die oorgrote meerderheid van die laaste ongekontakteerde mense ter wêreld woon in die digte Amasone-reënwoud van Brasilië.

Globo, die grootste nasionale televisienetwerk, speel ook 'n belangrike rol in die vorming van die nasionale identiteit. Die ander vyf groot Brasiliaanse TV-netwerke is SBT (die tweede grootste), RecordTV, Band, RedeTV en Cultura (die openbare en opvoedkundige televisienetwerk). Daar is ook baie ander plaaslike of streeks-TV-kanale. Daarbenewens het Brasiliane toenemend toegang tot baie ander kabel- of satelliet-TV-kanale. Nege uit tien huishoudings het 'n TV-stel, wat die belangrikste bron van inligting en vermaak vir die meeste Brasiliane is, gevolg deur radio-uitsendings. TV's stuur sport, films, plaaslike en nasionale nuus uit en telenovelas (sepies) - 6-10 maande lange reekse wat een van die land se belangrikste kulturele uitvoer geword het.

Mense

Gedurende sy geskiedenis het Brasilië verskillende volke en praktyke verwelkom. Brasilië vorm 'n smeltkroes van die mees uiteenlopende etniese groepe, wat etniese vooroordele en rassekonflikte versag, hoewel langdurige slawerny en selfs volksmoord onder inheemse bevolkings hul tol geëis het. Vooroordeel is meestal meer gerig op verskillende sosiale klasse eerder as tussen rasse. Desondanks is ras, aangedui deur velkleur, steeds 'n onderskeidende faktor in die Brasiliaanse samelewing, en u sal sien dat die vel gewoonlik donkerder word namate die sosiale klas laer word: welgestelde mense uit die hoër klas is meestal ligkleurig; die meeste gemiddelde middelklas mense is bruin; en die meerderheid armes is swart. Deesdae is Afro-Brasiliane en Amerikaners egter meer en meer bewus van hul burgerregte en hul ryk kulturele erfenis, en hulle kan hoop om sosiale mobiliteit deur middel van onderwys te bewerkstellig.

Oor die algemeen is Brasiliane 'n liefdevolle volk. Suidlanders kan dalk as ietwat kouer en meer terughoudend beskou word, maar vanuit Rio noord kan mense spog met 'n lewendige houding en ontspanning geniet.

Vriendskap en gasvryheid word hoog op prys gestel onder Brasiliane, en beide familieverbintenisse en sosiale interaksies word hoog op prys gestel. Vir mense wat hulle ontmoet het, of ten minste by name ken, is Brasiliane gewoonlik baie oop, vriendelik en soms redelik vrygewig. Nadat hy 'n tipiese Brasiliaan voorgestel is, kan hy 'n goeie hart behandel totdat hy 'n goeie rede kry om dit nie te doen nie, net soos hy 'n beste vriend sou behandel. Brasiliërs is na bewering een van die gasvryste mense ter wêreld en buitelanders word gewoonlik met respek behandel en dikwels met ware bewondering. Dit gesê, bring toerisme in Brasilië, soos in die grootste deel van die wêreld, die donkerder kant van die mensdom na vore.

Gesindheid teenoor buitelanders kan ook onderhewig wees aan streeksverskille:

• Die toestand van Santa Catarina verwelkom hul Spaanssprekende toeriste met tweetalige tekens en welkomkomitees.
• In Salvador, die grootste stad van die Noordoos, iemand wat praat, optree of soos 'n toeris lyk (selfs ander Brasiliane!) kan hoër pryse vra, soos op parkeerterreine, in restaurante, ens.

Die meeste Brasiliane is eerlik en opreg vriendelik, maar baie is gewoond aan klein korrupsie in hul alledaagse lewens, die sg. jeitinho brasileiro. As u natuurlik soos 'n toeris lyk, is u 'n potensiële teiken; byvoorbeeld, kan 'n ondernemer probeer om goedere teen hoër pryse te verkoop, of 'n taxibestuurder kan die langste roete na die bestemming kies. Dit beteken nie dat u niemand kan vertrou nie, net dat u 'n bietjie waaksaam en versigtig moet wees, veral as iemand lyk te vriendelik.

Terwyl die "Westerse" wortels van die Brasiliaanse kultuur grotendeels Europees is, veral Iberies, soos blyk uit koloniale dorpe en sporadiese historiese geboue tussen die nuwer wolkekrabbers, is daar 'n sterk neiging om 'n meer "Amerikaanse lewenswyse" aan te neem. in stedelike kultuur en argitektuur, massamedia, verbruikerswese en 'n positiewe houding teenoor tegniese vooruitgang. Ten spyte hiervan is Brasilië steeds 'n nasie wat die Atlantiese Oseaan in die gesig staar eerder as Spaans-Amerika, en die intellektuele elite sal waarskynlik opsien na Europa, veral Frankryk, as inspirasiebronne, in teenstelling met die VSA. Baie aspekte in die Brasiliaanse samelewing, soos die onderwysstelsel, is geïnspireer deur die Franse en kan aanvanklik vir Noord-Amerikaanse besoekers vreemd lyk.

Brasiliane is nie Spaans nie. Sommige kan aanstoot neem as 'n besoeker dit sê, of glo dat Brasiliane Spaans as 'n primêre taal praat. Besoekers sal 'n warm ontvangs ontvang as hulle in Portugees probeer gesels. As die besoeker Spaans met Brasiliane praat, sal hy waarskynlik in Portugees antwoord.

Die kontraste in hierdie groot land fassineer en skok die meeste besoekers, veral Europeërs. Die onverskilligheid van baie inwoners teenoor die sosiale, ekonomiese en ekologiese probleme kan besoekers wat gewoond is daaraan, tuis ontstel. Terwyl 'n elite van goed opgeleide professionele persone en die politieke klas deelneem aan die geriewe van die moderne samelewing, bestaan ​​kinderarbeid, ongeletterdheid en erg minderwaardige behuising steeds, selfs in stede wat geseën word deur ekonomiese groei en groot buitelandse beleggings soos São Paulo of Rio.

Soveel as wat Brasiliërs hul selfonderhoudbaarheid in grondstowwe, landbou en energiebronne as 'n enorme voordeel vir die toekoms erken, is die meeste van hulle dit eens dat daar skaars 'n uitweg sal wees sonder enorme veranderinge in onderwys en toegang tot entrepreneurskap vir almal. armoede en onderontwikkeling.

Sedert die begin van die 21ste eeu het Brasilië 'n toenemende golf immigrasie in die gesig gestaar Sjina, Bolivia en Haïti.

Klimaat

Brasilië is 'n enorme land met verskillende klimaatsones, hoewel die grootste deel van die land in die trope is. In die Amasone-streek, vanaf die noorde van Mato Grosso tot in die weste van Maranhão, is daar 'n tropiese reënwoudklimaat met baie gereënde reën, hoë temperature en 'n verminderde termiese amplitude. In die noordooste reën die kus gereeld in die winter.

Die binnekant van die Brasiliaanse noordooste het 'n semi-ariede klimaat, met baie hoë temperature, seldsame reën en gereelde droogtes. Die sentrale gebiede van Brasilië het 'n tropiese savanneklimaat, met 'n uiters droë winter, lae humiditeitsvlakke in die middel van die jaar (onder 30%) en 'n warm en reënerige somer.

In die suidooste is die kus warm en vogtig en ly die direkte werking van die tropiese Atlantiese massa, met gereelde reën in die somer. In die hoogste gebiede van die Suidooste, met hoogtes tussen 500m en 1000m of meer, is daar die laagste temperatuur in die hele tropiese gebied, wat 'n gemiddelde van minder as 18 ° C bereik. In die suide van die staat São Paulo en in die drie suidelike state van die Brasilië, is die klimaat subtropies, met goed gedefinieerde seisoene en reën versprei deur die hele jaar. Die somer is baie warm en het 'n gemiddelde temperatuur van 30º. Reeds in die winter, baie koud, word daar gereeld ryp en lae temperature, soms minder as 0 ° C. In baie stede van meer as 1000 meter in Santa Catarina en noord van die Serras Gaúchas in die omgewing van Rio Grande do Sul, is die temperatuur nog kouer, selfs in die sneeu.

Vakansies en werksure

Brasilië neem die volgende 13 waar Nasionale vakansiedae:

• Nuwejaarsdag - 1 Januarie
• Carnaval - Februarie / Maart (beweegbaar - 40 dae voor Paasfees. Maandag en Dinsdag is die regte vakansiedag, maar vieringe begin gewoonlik op Saterdag en duur tot die middag van Aswoensdag, wanneer winkels en dienste weer open.)
• Goeie Vrydag - Maart / April (beweegbaar) twee dae voor Paassondag
• Tiradentes - 21 April
• Werkersdag - 1 Mei
• Corpus Christi - Mei / Junie (beweegbaar) sestig dae na Paassondag
• Onafhanklikheidsdag - 7 September
• Dag van ons vrou van Aparecida (beskermheilige van Brasilië) en kinderdag - 12 Oktober
• Dag van die dooies (Finados) - 2 November
• Republiekverkondigingsdag - 15 November
• Kersfees - 25 Desember

Werksure is gewoonlik vanaf 08:00 of 09: 00-17: 00 of 18:00. Banke is van Maandag tot Vrydag oop van 10: 00-16: 00. Straatwinkels is geneig om Saterdagmiddag te sluit en Maandag weer oop te maak. Winkelsentrums is normaalweg oop van 10: 00-22: 00 of 23:00, Maandag tot Saterdag, en van 15: 00-21: 00 op Sondae. Sommige winkelsentrums, veral in groot stede, is ook op Sondae oop, hoewel nie alle winkels oop is nie. Dit is ook moontlik om 24-uur-winkels en klein markte te vind wat op Sondae oop is.

Tydsones

Brasilië strek oor vier standaard tydsones van UTC-2 tot UTC-5 (in Brasiliaanse terme, "Brasilia tyd -2 "tot" Brasilia tyd 1 ").

• Brasilia tyd 1 (UTC-2): Fernando de Noronha en enkele ander kleiner eilande in die Atlantiese Oseaan.
• Brasilia tyd (UTC-3): Suidoos, Suid, Noordoos, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Tocantins, Pará, Amapá.
• Brasilia-tyd -1 (UTC-4): Roraima, oostelike Amazonas, Rondônia, Mato Grosso en Mato Grosso do Sul.
• Brasilia-tyd -2 (UTC-5): Akker en westelike Amazonas.

Sedert 2019 word die sonlig nie meer in Brasilië waargeneem nie.

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Visumvereistes

• Brasilië het 'n wederkerige visumbeleid met baie lande, wat beteken dat wanneer visumfooie en -beperkings toegepas word op Brasiliërs wat 'n land besoek, Brasilië oor die algemeen dieselfde maatreëls tref vir besoekers in die land.
• Burgers van Argentinië, Bolivië, Chili, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay en Venezuela mag die land met 'n geldige ID-kaart binnekom en tot 90 dae bly.
• Vanaf 2018 kan burgers van Kanada, Japan, Australië en die VSA om 'n elektroniese toeristevisum aansoek doen. Hierdie elektroniese visum is geldig vir verskeie inskrywings binne twee jaar en verblyf van tot 90 dae in 'n tydperk van een jaar en kos US $ 45. Burgers van dieselfde vier lande sal tot 90 dae visumvry kan ingaan, met ingang van 17 Junie 2019.
• Geen visum is nodig vir verblyf van tot 90 dae vanaf paspoorthouers uit hierdie lande nie, tensy anders aangedui: Andorra, Argentinië, Oostenryk, Bahamas, Barbados, Belo-Rusland, België, Bolivië, Bulgarye, Chili, Colombia, Costa Rica, Kroasië, Tsjeggiese Republiek, Denemarke, Ecuador, Finland, Frankryk, Georgië, Duitsland, Griekeland, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong SAR paspoort, Hongarye, Ysland, Ierland, Israel, Italië, Suid-Korea, Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, Macau, Maleisië, Malta, Mexiko, Monaco, Marokko, Namibië, Nieu-Seeland, Noorweë, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Filippyne, Pole, Portugal, Roemenië, Rusland, San Marino, Singapoer (30 dae, slegs gewone paspoorte), Slowakye, Slowenië, Suid-Afrika, Spanje, Suriname, Swede, Switserland, Thailand, Trinidad en Tobago, Tunisië, Turkye, Verenigde Koninkryk (insluitend paspoorthouers van die Britse nasionale (oorsese)), Uruguay, Venezuela (60 dae) en die Vatikaanstad. Die immigrasiebeampte het die reg om u visum tot minder as 90 dae te beperk, indien hulle dit goedvind. (Dit word gereeld gedoen vir alleenstaande manlike reisigers wat daar aankom Fortaleza, na bewering om prostitusietoerisme te bekamp.) Die beampte sal dan die aantal dae (bv. 60 of 30) met penskrifte binne die stempel in u paspoort gee; so nie, bly dit 90 dae.

• Burgers van alle ander lande vereis wel 'n visum. Die fooie wissel afhangende van die wederkerigheid: Amerikaanse burgers moet byvoorbeeld betaal ten minste US $ 160 vir 'n toeristevisum en US $ 220 vir 'n sakevisum. Koste van 'n visum vir Brasilië vir burgers van Taiwan of Taiwanese paspoorthouer betaal US $ 20 (verwysing van die ambassade van Brasilië in Lima, Peru) en 5 dae om dit te verwerk. Die wederkerigheid geld egter ook gereeld vir visumgeldigheid: Amerikaanse burgers kan visums tot 10 jaar ontvang, en ook Kanadese burgers tot 5 jaar.
• Toeristevisums (insluitend dié wat ter plaatse toegeken word vir immigrasiebeheer) kan by enige kantoor van die land verleng word Policia Federal. Toeristevisums wat aan burgers van die Schengen-gebied toegestaan ​​word, kan nie uitgebrei word nie. Alle staatshoofstede, en die meeste grensdorpe en internasionale hawens het een. Toeristevisums sal slegs een keer verleng word, vir 'n maksimum van 90 dae, en onder geen omstandighede kan u meer as 180 dae met 'n toeristevisum vir 'n tydperk van 365 dae toegestaan ​​word nie. U moet die federale polisie ongeveer 1 week voordat u visum verstryk, kontak. Die hanteringsfooi is R $ 67 (Oktober 2008). U kan gevra word vir 'n uitgaande kaartjie (boek ten volle terugbetaalbaar een op die internet, kanselleer dan wanneer u visum verleng word) en 'n bewys van bestaan ​​(waarvoor u kredietkaart meestal aanvaar word.) Om die verlenging aan te vra, moet u die Emissão da Guia de Recolhimento op die Federale Polisiewebwerf, wat u na die Banco do Brasil sal vervoer om die fooi te betaal. Moenie die fooi betaal voordat u met 'n federale polisiebeampte oor u saak gepraat het nie. As hy / hy die verlenging van u visum ontken, moet u 'n bankrekening in Brasilië hê om terugbetaling te ontvang.
• Die vereiste om eers binne 90 dae na die uitreiking van die visum Brasilië binne te gaan, is nou slegs van toepassing op onderdane van Angola, Bahrein, Birma, Kambodja, Kaap Verde, China, Kuba, Ekwatoriaal-Guinee, Gaboen, Ghana, Griekeland, Honduras, Indonesië, Japan. , Jordanië, Korea, Koeweit, Laos, Libië, Nigerië, Oman, Pakistan, Paraguay, die Filippyne, Portugal, Katar, Sirië, Switserland, Taiwan, Thailand en Tunisië. As u Brasilië nie binne 90 dae binnekom nie, word die visum ongeldig, ongeag hoe lank dit anders geldig is.

Inskrywings teenoor uitgangseëls Onmiddellik nadat u paspoort deur die Brasiliaanse Federale Polisie gestempel is, moet u seker maak dat die laaste nommer regs van die stempel 1 is. 'N Nommer 1 dui aan dat u die land binnegekom het en 'n nommer 2 dui aan dat u vertrek het. Sommige federale polisiebeamptes het buitelanders per ongeluk die nommer 2-stempel gegee. As u die nommer 2-stempel het en probeer om die visum uit te brei in 'n stad wat nie u toegangshek is nie, word u aangesê om terug te keer na die stad waar u die verkeerde stempel ontvang het, sodat dit reggestel kan word voordat u die uitbreiding.

• Volgens wet is u verplig om u uitgaande kaartjie by die inskrywing te toon, maar dit word slegs in uitsonderlike gevalle afgedwing. Selfs as u gevra word, kan u dikwels wegkom met die verduideliking dat u die bus na Argentinië neem en nie die kaartjie in byvoorbeeld Europa kan koop nie.
• As u u toeristevisum oorskry, word u 'n boete van R $ 8,28 per dag (vanaf Oktober 2007) opgelê, vir 'n maksimum van 100 dae. Dit beteken dat selfs as u 5 jaar onwettig bly, die boete nooit R $ 828 sal oorskry nie. U moet dit betaal by die grensoorgang. Aangesien dit tyd kan neem, kan dit verstandig wees om dit 'n paar dae vooraan by 'n federale polisiekantoor te doen, veral as u 'n binnelandse of internasionale vliegverbinding het. Die federale polisie sal u dan 8 dae kans gee om uit die land te kom. As u nie u boete betaal as u vertrek nie, moet u die volgende keer betaal. Die feit dat u in die verlede 'n boete opgelê is omdat u te veel gebly het, impliseer normaalweg nie toekomstige probleme met immigrasie nie, maar u moet liewer alle kwitansies en ou paspoorte as verwysing bewaar.
• As u om een ​​of ander rede die land wil binnekom / verlaat sonder om met die immigrasie-owerhede in aanraking te kom, is daar talle klein grensdorpe wat feitlik geen beheer het nie. U sal miskien deur die plaaslike polisie (wat nie seëls of rekenaarregisters vir immigrasie het nie) aangesê word om die federale polisie in so 'n nabygeleë stad te kontak.
• As u van sekere tropiese streke na Brasilië reis, moet u 'n inenting teen geelkoors hê en die sertifikaat toon dat u dit gehad het. Dit is onwettig om diere, vleis, suiwelprodukte, sade, plante, eiers, heuning, vrugte of enige soort nie-verwerkte voedsel in te bring sonder 'n permit. Kontak [[email protected]] vir meer inligting.

Met die vliegtuig

Die goedkoopste tariewe is vanaf Februarie (na Carnaval) tot Mei en van Augustus tot November. Kaartjies vanaf New Yorkkan byvoorbeeld so laag as US $ 699 kos, insluitend belasting. Baie ondervliegtuie binne Brasilië kan teen goedkoop pryse aangebied word.

Verreweg die grootste internasionale lughawe in Brasilië is São Paulo-Guarulhos Internasionale Lughawe (GRU ^IATA), die middelpunt van LATAM Lugdiens, die grootste Brasiliaanse lugdiens, wat direkte vlugte het na baie hoofstede in Suid-Amerika. Ander direkte vlugte sluit in:

Noord-Amerika: New York Stad, Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami, Orlando, Atlanta, Charlotte, Houston, Dallas, Washington DC. en Toronto.

Europa: Lissabon en Porto deur TAP, Madrid deur Iberia, Air Europa, LATAM en Air China, Barcelona deur Singapore Airlines, Amsterdam en Parys deur KLM, Air France en LATAM, Londen deur British Airways en LATAM, Frankfurt deur Lufthansa en LATAM, München deur Lufthansa, Zürich deur Switserse, Rome deur Alitalia, Milaan deur LATAM, Istanbul deur Turkish Airlines.

Asië: Seoel deur Korean Air (via LAX), Doha deur Qatar Airways, Abu Dhabi deur Etihad, Dubai deur Emirates, Singapoer deur Singapore Airlines (via BCN), en Beijing deur Air China (via MAD).

Afrika: Luanda deur TAAG, Johannesburg deur SAL, Addis Abeba deur Ethiopiër.

Die tweede grootste lughawe in Brasilië is Rio de Janeiro-Galeão Internasionale Lughawe, (GIG ^IATA) die tuiste van Gol Transportes Aéreos, which flies to many regional destinations including Montevideo, Buenos Aires en Asuncion. Other direct flights include:North America: Delta Air Lines flies to Atlanta, en New York, United Airlines to Washington DC., and Houston and American Airlines flies to Charlotte, Miami, Dallas en New York Stad.Africa: Taag Angola to Luanda about 3 times a week.Europe: Paris by Air France, Rome by Alitalia, London by British Airways, Madrid by Iberia, Amsterdam by KLM, Frankfurt by Lufthansa, Lissabon en Porto by TAP Portugal.

The Northeastern capitals have slightly shorter flying times to Europe and North America:

Natal (NAT ^IATA): Direct flights to Lissabon by TAP, Amsterdam by Arkefly.

Recife (REC ^IATA): Direct flights to Lissabon by TAP, Miami by American Airlines and Frankfurt by Condor.

Salvador (SSA ^IATA): Direct flights to Lissabon by TAP, Madrid by Air Europa, Frankfurt by Condor, and Miami by American Airlines.

FortalezaFOR ^IATA) : Direct flights to Lissabon by TAP and Cabo Verde by TACV.

In addition to the above, TAP flies directly to Brasilia (BSB ^IATA), Belo Horizonte (CNF ^IATA), Campinas (VCP ^IATA), en Porto Alegre (POA ^IATA).TAP Portugal is the foreign airline with most destinations in Brazil, from Lissabon en Porto, and provides extensive connection onwards to Europe and Africa.

Air travel in Brazil has increased exponentially in the past few years, partly as a result of the poor condition of many Brazilian roads and the absence of any viable railway network (cf India). It is still relatively inexpensive with bargains sometimes available and easily the best option for long distance travel within the country. Some major airports, particularly those in São Paulo and Rio, are, however, becoming very congested.

Met die motor

The main border crossings are at:

• met Uruguay: Chuy/Chuí, Bella Unión/Barra do Quaraí, Artigas/Quaraí, Aceguá/Aceguá, Río Branco/Jaguarão, and between Rivera/Santana do Livramento
• met Argentinië: Paso de los Libres/Uruguaiana, Santo Tomé/São Borja, Bernardo de Irigoyen/Dionísio Cerqueira, Tobuna/Paraíso (Santa Catarina), Comandante Andresito/Capanema, and between Puerto Iguazu/Foz do Iguaçu
• met Paraguay: Ciudad del Este/Foz do Iguaçu, Salto del Guaira/Guaíra, and between Pedro Juan Caballero/Ponta Porã
• met Bolivia: Puerto Suarez/Corumbá, Cobija/Brasileia/Epitaciolandia en San Matías/Cáceres
• met Peru: Iñapari/Assis Brasil
• met Colombia: Letícia/Tabatinga No road connections on either side of the border.
• met Guyana: Lethem/Bonfim

In certain border towns, notably Foz do Iguaçu/Ciudad del Este/Puerto Iguazu, you do not need entry/exit stamps or other formalities for a daytrip into the neighbouring country. These same towns are good venues if you for some reason want to cross without contact with immigration authorities.

Met die bus

Long-distance bus service connects Brazil to its neighboring countries. The main capitals linked directly by bus are Buenos Aires, Asunción, Montevideo, Santiago de Chile, en Lima. Direct connections from the first three can also be found easily, but from Lima it might be tricky, though easily accomplished by changing at one of the others. Those typically go to São Paulo, though Pelotas has good connections too. It should be kept in mind that distances between Sāo Paulo and any foreign capitals are significant, and journeys on the road may take up to 3 days, depending on the distance and accessibility of the destination. The national land transport authority has listings^{[dooie skakel]} on all operating international bus lines, and the Green Toad Bus offers bus passes between Brazil and neighbouring countries as well as around Brazil itself.

Per boot

Amazon river boats connect northern Brazil with Peru, Venezuela and Colombia. The ride is a gruelling 12 days upriver though.

Van French Guiana, you can cross the river Oyapoque, which takes about 15 minutes.

From the city of Guayaramerín, in Bolivia, you can cross the Mamoré river for the city of Guajará-Mirim, in Rondônia. The crossing last about 5 to 10 minutes.

Met die trein

Train service within Brazil is almost nonexistent. However, there are exceptions to the rule, including the Trem da Morte, or Death Train, which goes from Santa Cruz, Bolivia, to a small town just over the border from Corumbá in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. There is still a train line from there all the way to São Paulo which is not in use, but bus connections to São Paulo via the state capital, Campo Grande, are plentiful. The journey is reputedly replete with robbers who might steal your backpack or its contents but security has been increased and the journey can be made without much difficulty. It goes through the Bolivian agricultural belt and along the journey one may see a technologically-averse religious community which resembles the USA's Amish in many ways.

Kry rond

Met die vliegtuig

Brazil Air Pass If you intend to visit various cities within Brazil, you should consider getting a Brazil Air Pass, offered by LATAM or Gol— you purchase between 4 and 9 flight tickets which can be used at any time for any destination within Brazil served by the airline. A typical 4-ticket pass starts at around US $580 while a full 9 tickets will run around US $1150. In addition, Gol also offers a cheaper flight pass good for travel only within the Northeast of the country. These passes can only be obtained before arrival in the country, and you must prove that you have already purchased international return trip tickets or tickets for onward travel.

Air service covers most of Brazil. Many flights make many stops en route, particularly in hubs as São Paulo or Brasilia. Most all airports with regular passenger traffic are operated by the federal.Infraero. They have a very convenient website, with an English version. It lists all the airlines operating at each airport, and also has updated flight schedules.

There are now several Brazilian booking engines that are good (although not perfect) for comparing flights and prices between different companies. They will mostly include an extra fee, hence it is cheaper to book on the airline's own site.

The Brazilian airline scene changes surprisingly often. The largest Brazilian carriers are LATAM, Gol en Azul. VoePass has short-haul flights to smaller airports throughout the country. There are also regional companies.

Booking on the domestic carriers' sites can be frustrating for non-Brazilian citizens. Often, you will be asked for your CPF (national identity number) while paying by credit card. Even if you -as a foreigner- have a CPF, the sites will often not recognize it. Gol now accepts international cards, but the system is buggy (Oct 2010). One trick that might work is to visit one of the airlines' foreign websites, although prices may vary. Many flights can also be found on foreign booking engines where no CPF is needed. If you book weeks in advance, most carriers will give you the option to pay by bank deposit (boleto bancário), which is actually payable by cash not only in banks, but also in a number of supermarkets, pharmacies and other stores. Buying a ticket at a travel agent is generally R$30 more expensive, noting that certain special offers can only be found online.

Many domestic flights have so many stops that some, including yours, may be missing from the listings in the airports. Double check your flight number and confirm with ground staff.

Certain domestic flights in Brazil are "international", meaning that the flight has arrived from abroad and is continuing without clearing all passengers through customs and immigration. This means ALL passengers must do this at the next stop, even those having boarded in Brazil. Do NOT fill out a new immigration form, but show what you were given upon actual arrival to Brazil.

Met die motor

See also: Driving in Brazil

Brazil has the largest road network in Latin America with over 1.6 million kilometres. A car is a good idea if you want to explore scenic areas, e.g. the historic cities of Minas Gerais, the Rio-Santos highway, or the beaches in North-East Brazil. There are the usual car rental companies at the airports.Many roads are in good condition, especially in the east and south of the country and along the coast. In other areas and outside the metropolitan regions there are also gravel and dirt roads for which an off-road vehicle can be strongly recommended. This especially applies to the Amazon area where many roads are difficult or not at all passable during the rainy season from November to March. This is why it is advisable to travel with a good map and to be well informed about distances, road conditions and the estimated travel time. Road maps of the brand Guia Quatro Rodas was available in the most newsstands in Brazil until 2015, but they ceased to be published from that year. Cochera andina^{[dooie skakel]} publishes useful information on almost 300 routes in the country. In theory, the driving rules of Brazil resemble those of Western Europe or North America. In practice, driving in Brazil can be quite scary if you are used to European (even Mediterranean) or North American road culture, due to widespread violations of driving rules, and the toleration thereof.

Distances kept to other vehicles are kept at a bare minimum, overtaking whenever close to possible, and changing lanes without much of a prior signal. Many large cities also suffer from hold-ups when you wait at a red light in the night. Even if there is no risk of robbery, many drivers (including of city buses) run red lights or stop signs at night when they do not see incoming traffic from the cross street. Drivers also indulge in "creative" methods of saving time, such as using the reverse direction lanes. In rural areas, many domestic animals are left at the roadside, and they sometimes wanders into the traffic. Pedestrians take enormous chances crossing the road, since many drivers do not bother to slow down if they see pedestrians crossing. The quality of the paving is very varied, and the presence of enormous potholes is something that strongly discourages night-driving. Also consider the risk of highway hold-ups after dark, not to mention truck drivers on amphetamines (to keep awake for days in a row).

• In Brazil cars are driven on the right hand side of the road.
• A flashing left signal means that the car ahead is warning you not to pass, for some reason. If the car ahead of you wants to show you that it is safe to pass it will flash the right signal. The right signal is the same signal to indicate that you're going to stop on the side of the road, so it means you're going to slow down. On the other hand the left signal is the same signal to indicate you're going to pass the car ahead, meaning you're going to speed up.
• Flashing, twinkling headlights from the cars coming on the opposite side of the road means caution on the road ahead. Most of the time, it indicates that there are animals, cops or speed radar ahead.
• Keep the doors locked when driving, especially in the larger cities, as robberies at stop signs and red lights are quite common in some areas. You'll make it much easier for the robber if he can simply open up the door and sit down. Be equally careful with keeping your windows wide open, as someone might put their hands inside your car and steal a wallet, for instance. Leave your handbags and valuables out of sight.

Met die fiets

In smaller cities and towns the bicycle is a common means of transport. This does not mean that cyclists are usually respected by cars, trucks, or bus drivers. But you may find good roads with little traffic outside the cities. It is also easy to get a lift by a pickup or to have the bike transported by a long-distance bus.Cycling path are virtually non-existent in cities, except along certain beachfronts, such as Rio de Janeiro en Recife.

There are bicyclers groups around the country, e.g. Sampa Bikers in São Paulo which meets weekly.

Met die trein

Brazil's railway system was mostly wrecked during the military regimes. Today, few interstate passenger lines remain after the dismantling and scrapping of rail transport in Brazil. However, there are several urban or short-distance tourist lines between municipalities in the same state, mainly in the southern and southeastern states.

• Van Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais to Vitória, Espírito Santo - Daily trains operated by Vale leave Belo Horizonte at 07:30 and Cariacica (10 km of Vitória), at 07:00. Travel time is about 12½ hours. Seats are limited and it is not possible to reserve, so it is advisable to buy in advance at the Vale's website. The railway is the second longest passenger line of Brazil, almost 700 km long.
• Van São Luis, Maranhão to Parauapebas, Pará - interesting because part of it passes through the Amazon rainforest and it's the longest passenger railway of Brazil, almost 900 km long. It is operated by Vale. The train leaves São Luís at 08:00 on Mondays, Thursdays and Saturdays. From Paraopebas, the train leaves at 06:00 on Tuesdays, Fridays and Sundays. 15 hours of travel.

By inter-city bus

Long-distance buses are a convenient, economical, and sometimes (usually if you buy the most expensive ticket), rather comfortable way to travel between regions. The bus terminal (rodoviária) in cities play a role akin to train stations in many countries. You should check travel distance and time while traveling within Brazil; going from Rio de Janeiro to the south region could take more than 24 hours, so it may be worth going by plane if you can afford it.

Brazil has a very good long distance bus network. Basically, any city of more than 100,000 people will have direct lines to the nearest few state capitals, and also to other large cities within the same range. Pretty much any little settlement has public transport of some kind (a lorry, perhaps) to the nearest real bus station.

Mostly you have to go to the bus station to buy a ticket, although most major bus companies make reservations and sell tickets by internet with the requirement that you pick up your ticket sometime in advance. In a few cities you can also buy a ticket on the phone and have it delivered to your hotel for an extra charge of some 3-5 reais. Some companies have also adopted the airlines' genius policy of pricing: In a few cases buying early can save you more than 50%. The facility of flagging a bus and hopping on (if there are no available seats you will have to stand, still paying full price) is widespread in the country. This is less likely to work along a few routes where armed robberies have happened frequently, such as those leading to the border with Paraguay en aan Foz do Iguaçu.

No bus company serves the whole country, so you mist identify the company that connect two cities by calling the bus station of one city. Some big cities like São Paulo and Rio have more than one bus station, each one covering certain cities around. It is good to check in advance to which bus station you are going.

Busca Ônibus is a useful resource for finding bus schedules.

Bus services are often sold in three classes: Regular, Executive and First-Class (Leito, in Portuguese). Regular may or may not have air conditioning. For long distances or overnight travels, Executive offers more space and a folding board to support your legs. First-Class has even more space and only three seats per row, making enough space to sleep comfortably.

All trips of more than 4 hours are covered by buses with bathrooms and the buses stop for food/bathrooms at least once every 4 hours of travel.

Brazilian bus stations, known as rodoviária of terminal rodoviário, tend to be located away from city centers. They are often in pretty sketchy areas, so if you travel at night be prepared to take a taxi to/from the station. There will also be local bus lines.

Even if you have a valid ticket bought from elsewhere, some Brazilian bus stations may also require a boarding card. This can be obtained from the bus company, often for a supplement fee. If you buy a ticket in the departure bus station you will also be given this boarding card.

Rodoviárias include many services, including fast-food restaurants, cafés, Internet cafés, toilets and left luggage. As a general rule, the larger the city, the more expensive the services (e.g. leaving a suitcase as left luggage in a smaller city may cost R$1, but in Recife in might cost you R$5).

When buying tickets, as well as when boarding the bus, you may be asked for proof of ID. Brazilian federal law requires this for interstate transportation. Not all conductors know how to read foreign passports, so be prepared to show them that the name of the passport truly is the same as the name on the ticket.

By ride sharing

Intercity buses are rather expensive in Brazil, compared to Paraguay or even Bolivia. However, many people offer shared rides between many popular destinations. The most notable website for finding rides is BlaBlaCar, which also has a rating system for drivers, making the trip very secure, especially for Brazilian standards. This way, you can easily bring down your transport costs by 40-50%. Costs are about R$20 per 100 km.

Also, it can be considerably faster, without unnecessary stops at restaurants and such. The BlaBlaCar website is free, and you only pay the driver directly. But they will almost certainly charge in the future like they do for other countries as well. But until the taxation status of such services (including Uber) is settled by the government, the free system will not change.

Do not underestimate the desire of Brazilians to discuss and talk about each and everything, and to give their opinions about even the most remote nonsense. This can be highly stressful if you got a different temperament, prefer a quiet drive and just want to reach your destination.

By city bus

Most cities have extensive bus services. Multiple companies may serve a single city. There is almost never a map of the bus lines, and often bus stops are unmarked. Be prepared for confusion and wasted time. Google Maps includes some services.

Buses have a board behind the windshield that advertises the main destinations they serve. You may have to ask the locals for information, but they may not know bus lines except the ones they usually take.

In most cities you have to wave to stop the bus when you want to take it. This in itself would not pose a problem; however, in big cities there may be dozens of bus lines stopping at a given bus stop and bus stops are not designed to accommodate so many vehicles. Frequently one cannot observe the oncoming buses due to other buses blocking the view. Bus drivers are reluctant to slow down for a bus stop if they are not sure someone will take their bus, so it is common to miss your bus because you could not see it coming to wave on time or the driver did not see you waving in between buses already at the stop. Some people go into the middle of a busy street to wait for their bus to make sure they see it and the driver sees them. In some places, like Manaus, drivers even tend to ignore stop requests (both to get on and to get off) if it is not too easy to navigate to the bus stop.

Most city buses have both a driver and a conductor. The conductor sits behind a till next to a turnstile. You have to pay the conductor; the price of the bus is usually advertised on the windshield. The turnstiles are narrow, and very inconvenient if one carries any kind of load (try balancing a heavy backpack over the turnstile while the bus is running). Larger buses often have a front section, before the turnstile, meant in priority for the elderly, handicapped and pregnant women - you can use it but you still have to pay! Typical prices are around R$3.

You can try asking the conductor to warn you when the bus is close to your destination. Depending on whether he or she understands you and feels like helping you, you may get help.

In addition to large city buses, there are often minibuses or minivans (alternativo). You pay the driver when you go aboard.

Per boot

In northern Brazil, it is possible to travel many distances by boat. In fact, the boat is the main and most accessible means of transport to get around the Amazon, since the Amazon Forest is cut by many rivers and some cities are inaccessible by road. The best boat services in the country are in the Amazon, where you can ride on speedboats and comfortable yachts or small wooden boats. The main navigable rivers are the Amazon River, the Araguaia River, the Xingu River and the Tapajós River. It is necessary to know the geography of the region, as in some places waterfalls are formed.

Deur e-hailing

Brazil has availability of some e-hailing services, Uber being the largest of them. Notable e-hailing services in Brazil, are:

• Uber. (Jul 2020 opgedateer)
• 99Pop. If the app is not available in your Google Play store, you can download it hier. (Jul 2020 opgedateer)
• Cabify. (Jul 2020 opgedateer)

Praat

See also: Brazilian Portuguese phrasebook

Non-verbal communication Brazilians use a lot of gestures in informal communication, and the meaning of certain words or expressions may be influenced by them. Die thumbs up gesture is used to mean everything's OK, ja or even thanks. Avoid using the OK hand gesture for these meanings, as it can be considered obscene. Wagging your extended index finger back and forth and/or clicking your tongue behind your teeth two or three times means no Using your index finger to pull down one of your lower eyelids means watch out. Stroking your two biggest fingers with your thumb is a way of saying that something is expensive. Snapping a few times means fast of a long time (ago). Stroking your lips and then snapping means delicious; pinching your earlobe means the same in some regions. Making a fist with your thumb between the index and middle finger, known as the figa, is a sign of good or bad luck depending on the region. Touching the palm with the thumb and making a circular movement with the hand means I am being robbed/ripped off/ in some regions. Die hush gesture is considered extremely impolite, about the same as shouting "shut up!" to someone. An informal way to get someone's attention, similar to a whistle, is a hissing sound: "pssiu!" It is not perceived as unpolite, but gets really annoying if repeated too often.

The official language of Brazil is Portuguese, spoken by the entire population (except for a few, very remotely located tribes). Indeed, Brazil has had immigrants from all parts of the world for centuries, whose descendants now speak Portuguese as their mother tongue.

If somebody talks to you in Portuguese, you can simply say "Só falo inglês". It means "I only speak English".

Brazilian Portuguese has a number of pronunciation differences with that spoken in Portugal (and within, between the regions there are some quite extreme accent and slang differences), but speakers of either can understand each other. However, European Portuguese is more difficult for Brazilians to understand than the reverse, as many Brazilian television programs are shown in Portugal. A few words can have a totally different meaning in Brazil and Portugal, usually slang words. Examples of these are "rapariga", which in Portugal means girl, and in Brazil means a prostitute, and "bicha", which in Portugal refers to a line of people, but in Brazil is a derogatory way of referring to a gay person.

Engels is not widely spoken except in some touristy areas and major hotels. Don't expect bus or taxi drivers to understand English, so it may be a good idea to write down the address you are heading to before getting the cab. In most big and luxurious hotels, it is very likely that some taxi drivers will speak some English. There are many reasons why many Brazilians cannot speak English, but to simplify: there isn't really the "culture" to know foreign languages in Brazil, all foreign films and TV shows are dubbed in Portuguese and at school teachers focus only on grammar rather than actually practicing the language. Most people above 30 never studied English at school and they are very unlikely to know a single word in English. Younger people are more likely to speak English, although with a strong accent. They, generally, have a higher knowledge of the language and will be eager to help you and practice their English.

Spaans speakers are usually able to get by in Brazil, especially towards the south, due to the proximity of the states of that region to Uruguay and Argentina and due to the tourists from those countries who visit the states of that region. While written Portuguese can be quite similar to Spanish, spoken Portuguese differs considerably and is much harder to understand. Compare the number 20 which is veinte (BAYN-teh) in Spanish to vinte (VEEN-chee) in Brazilian Portuguese. Even more different is gente (people), pronounced "HEN-teh" in Spanish and "ZHEN-chee" in Brazilian Portuguese. Letters CH, D, G, J, R, RR, and T are particularly difficult for Spanish speakers to understand, and that's without even considering the vowels. Often confusing to Spanish, even English speakers, is the pronunciation of the letter "R" in the beginning of most words. Common first names such as Roberto, Ronaldo and Rolando are not pronounced as you would think: the "R" is pronounced as "H". Thus you would say Hoberto, Honaldo and Holando. If you address Ronaldo with a perfect Spanish pronunciation, he most likely will look at you in confusion and wonder what or who you are speaking to.

Other minority languages ​​are spoken in some parts of Brazil. In the Amazon, several indigenous languages ​​are still spoken, mainly Nheengatu, Tukano and Baniwa, which has co-official status in the municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira, in Amazonas. In the south, in cities that have received German and Italian immigrants, these languages ​​and their dialects are also spoken by a small portion of the population, as in Pomerode, Santa Catarina, which has German and the Pomeranian dialect with co-official status and in Serafina Corrêa and Caxias do Sul, municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul, where the co-official language is Talian, a dialect of the Venetian language spoken in northern Italy. Due to immigration, it is becoming more common in some cities to find speakers of other foreign languages, such as Italian,Japannees, Mandarin Chinese, Korean,Arabic,Polish, Ukrainian, Frans en Haitian Creole.

The primary language of the Brazilian deaf community is Brazilian Sign Language (BSL), known locally as LIBRAS. When an interpreter is present in public, he or she will use BSL. It is influenced by French Sign Language (LSF) and also uses a one-handed manual alphabet very similar to that of LSF. Users of British Sign Language, Auslan, or New Zealand Sign Language, however, will have great difficulty understanding it. Those languages ​​differ markedly in vocabulary and syntax from LSF, and also use a two-handed manual alphabet.

Virtually all movies, in addition to foreign shows broadcast on Brazilian TV channels are dubbed into Portuguese. However, some pay TV channels have dual-audio (original audio with subtitles as an option available to be turned on by the user). If you want to watch the latest movies in English, not dubbed into Portuguese, you may be able to see them in some theaters in the capitals and biggest cities. Look for the Portuguese word "Legendado" (original with subtitles). You are unlikely to find films shown in their original language without subtitles.

Sien

Natural wonders

• Amazon Rainforest - The Amazon River Basin holds more than half of the world's remaining rainforest, and over 60% of that lies within the Noord of Brazil — approximately one billion acres with incredible biodiversity. The region is home to about 2.5 million insect species, over 40,000 plants species, 2,200 fish species, and more than 2,000 types of birds and mammals. One in five of all the bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon, and one in five of the fish species live in Amazonian rivers and streams.
• Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica) - A region of tropical and subtropical forest which extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the Northeast aan Rio Grande do Sul state in the Suid. The Atlantic Forest has a wide variety of vegetation, including the many tree species such as the iconic araucaria tree in the south or the mangroves of the northeast, dozens of types of bromeliads and orchids, and unique critters such as capivara. The forest has also been designated a World Biosphere Reserve, with a large number of highly endangered species including the well-known marmosets, lion tamarins and woolly spider monkeys. Unfortunately, it has been extensively cleared since colonial times, mainly for the farming of sugar cane and for urban settlements — The remnants are estimated to be less than 10% of the original, and that is often broken into hilltop islands. However, large swaths of it are protected by hundreds of parks, including 131 federal parks, 443 state parks, and 14 municipal parks, most of which are open to visitation.
• Die Pantanal - A vast tropical wetland expanse, one of the world's largest. 80% of it lies within the state of Mato Grosso do Sul but it also extends into Mato Grosso (as well as into portions of Bolivia en Paraguay), sprawling over an area estimated at between 140,000 and 195,000 square kilometers (54,000-75,000 sq mi). 80% of the Pantanal floodplains are submerged during the rainy seasons, nurturing an astonishing biologically diverse collection of aquatic plants and helping support a dense array of animal species.
• Watervalle (Cachoeiras) - Brazil has an amazing range of impressive waterfalls of all sizes and shapes. Iguaçu Falls, in eastern Parana, is one of the most spectacular waterfalls in the world, truly a sight to see. The 353-meter Cachoeira da Fumaça in Bahiase Chapada Diamantina National Park is the country's second highest waterfall, after the Amazon's almost inaccessible Cachoeira do Araca. Other famous waterfalls include Caracol Falls, in a Rio Grande do Sul state park of the same name near Canela, Itaquira Falls, an easily accessible 168-meter fall near Formosa, Goiás, and the gorge at Parque da Cascata naby Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais. Aside from the nationally famous falls, in many parts of the country, particularly the Suid, Southeast, en Central West regions, you are rarely far from at least one locally-famous, named waterfall worth a short hike.

Argitektuur

• Colonial architecture - Many cities have reminders of Brazil's colonial past, with churches, monasteries, forts, barracks, and other structures still intact. Some of the most concentrated and best-preserved colonial buildings can be found in old gold-mining towns such as Ouro Preto en Tiradentes, but many other cities such as Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis, Salvador, Paraty, en Goiânia have quite significant colonial centers as well.
• Oscar Niemeyer works - Niemeyer, Brazil's most famous architect, is a modern architectural pioneer who explores the aesthetic impact of reinforced concrete, using curves to create buildings with a unique sense of space. He is most famous for designing many of the buildings when the new capital of Brasilia was built in the 1950s, but his works literally dot the country, with major works in Natal, João Pessoa, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, Niterói, São Paulo, Londrina and other locations.

Doen

Gay travel

Due to its high degree of acceptance and tolerance, gay travel is increasingly popular. Brazil hosted the first gay ball in America in 1754! Nowadays the main lesbian and gay destinations are Rio de Janeiro, which was elected the world's sexiest destination twice, São Paulo, which has the world's largest Pride Parade, Florianópolis, which is the hippest gay hangout and Recife which is attracting more and more lesbian and gay tourists looking for fun and sun. However, caution should still be observed especially in areas outside of major cities, where Brazil remains culturally conservative and deeply Catholic.

Carnaval

The biggest party in the world takes places across the country every year, lasting almost a week in February or early March. It is celebrated in a wide variety of ways, from the giants boneco masks of Olinda en die trios elétricos van Salvador to the massive samba parades of Rio de Janeiro en São Paulo. For a relatively more subdued atmosphere, check out the university-style street party of Ouro Preto or the sporty beach party at Ilha do Mel. Don't forget to make your reservations well in advance!

Beaches

Almost the entire coast is lined with fabulous beaches, and the beach lifestyle is a big part of Brazilian culture. Nowhere is that more true than in Rio de Janeiro, with its laidback, flip-flop-footed lifestyle and famous beaches like Ipanema and Copacabana. Beaches in other areas of the country may not have the instant name recognition but are no less amazing. Die Northeast has jewels like Jericoacoara, Praia do Futuro, Boa Vista, Porto de Galinhas, en Morro de São Paulo which bring in throngs of travellers, particularly Europeans. Landlocked mineiros go mingle with the rich and famous at Guarapari or dance forró in the sand at Itaunas, terwyl paulistas head for Caraguá of Ubatuba. In die Suid, weekend revelers flock to Ilha do Mel of Balneário Camboriú, while the 42 beaches of Santa Catarina Island draw in thousands of Argentianian tourists every year. Hundreds more beaches lie ready to be explored as well. Don't forget those nude beaches in Rio and São Paulo!

Sport

Football

Football (soccer) is the talk of the town wherever your are in Brazil, and the country is brimming with great teams and great players. It is often said that football is not just a sport, but the national religion. Terwyl Rio de Janeiro's world-famous Maracanã stadium is under renovation, you can still catch a game at lots of other great venues like the Mineirão in Belo Horizonte of Morumbi Stadium in São Paulo. The men's national team has won the World Cup a record 5 times, and they have a particularly charged rivalry with their neighbours Argentina.

Brazil's top professional men's league is the Brasileirão, and the league is a very competitive one with no shortage of passion from the fans. The "big twelve" clubs in Brazil, sorted by city are:

• In Belo Horizonte
  • Atlético Mineiro
  • Cruzeiro

• In Porto Alegre
  • Grêmio
  • Internacional

• In Rio de Janeiro
  • Botafogo
  • Flamengo
  • Fluminense
  • Vasco da Gama

• In São Paulo
  • Corinthians
  • Palmeiras
  • Santos
  • São Paulo

There are numerous intense rivalries between Brazil's big clubs, but perhaps the most well-known ones are the Paulista Derby between Coronthians and Palmeiras, Fla-Flu between Flamengo and Fluminense, and O Clássico dos Milhões between Flamengo and Vasco da Gama.

Other sports

• Volleyball - While soccer is the main sport in Brazil, volleyball is extremely popular as well. In addition to the standard indoor sport known the world over, there are several other varieties you can play or watch in Brazil:

• Beach volleyball - It is very common to find spaces on the beaches where you can play beach volleyball, but this version of the sport possess a different code of rules than indoor volleyball (for example instead of six players, only two players are allowed to play on each team).

• Footvolley - Created in Brazil, this challenging sport is essentially beach volleyball played with the ball and no-hands rules of soccer.

• Biribol - Another Brazilian original, biribol, named after the city of Birigüi where it was invented, is an aquatic version of volleyball, played in a 1.3-meter-deep pool with 4 players on each team and a ball similar to a water-polo ball.

Koop

Money

Exchange rates for Brazilian reais As of January 2021: US$1 ≈ R$5.20 €1 ≈ R$6.37 UK£1 ≈ R$7.12 Wisselkoerse wissel. Huidige tariewe vir hierdie en ander geldeenhede is beskikbaar by XE.com

Brazil's unit of currency is the Real (pronounced 'hay-AHL'), plural Reais ('hay-ICE'), denoted "R$"(ISO-kode: BRL), commonly referred to as a "conto" (slang) or "pila" (a slang term for the currency in Rio Grande do Sul). One real is divided into 100 centavos. As an example of how prices are written, R$1,50 means one real and fifty centavos.

Small shops or street vendors are unlikely to have change for R$100 (and sometimes R$50) notes. Travelers would be wise to spend those at busy restaurants or grocery stores to keep an adequate supply of small bills on hand.

Foreign currency such as US dollars or euros can be exchanged major airports and luxury hotels (bad rates), exchange bureaus and major branches of Banco do Brasil (no other banks), where you need your passport and your immigration form.

The real is a free-floating currency and has become stronger in the past few years. Especially for US citizens, prices (based on exchange rates) have increased quite a bit.

There are many federal regulations for dealings with foreign currency, trading in any currency other than real in Brazil is considered illegal, although some places in big cities and bordering towns accept foreign money and many exchange offices operate in a shady area. In addition, exchange offices are almost impossible to find outside of big cities. Currency other than US dollars and euros is hard to exchange and the rates are ridiculous. If you would like to exchange cash at a bank, be prepared to pay a hefty commission. For example, Banco do Brasil collects US$15 for each transaction (regardless of amount). Also, travelling with a backpack, you are out of luck getting into banks, because they have annoying security doors and rules. And even if you get in and exchange is possible, you will have to queue for 30 min or so with other regular customers.

It is thus best to rely on ATM, most machines are giving cash without fees.

Banking

Look for an ATM with your credit/debit card logo on it. Groot takke van Banco do Brasil (R $ 6,50 per onttrekking) het gewoonlik een, en meestal werk Bradesco-, Citibank-, BankBoston- en HSBC-masjiene. Banco 24 Horas is 'n netwerk van kitsbanke wat buitelandse kaarte aanvaar (R $ 10 per onttrekking hef). Onttrekkingsperke is gewoonlik R $ 600 (Bradesco) of R $ 1000 (BB, HSBC, B24H), per transaksie, en in elk geval R $ 1000 per dag. Laasgenoemde kan omseil word deur verskeie opeenvolgende onttrekkings, en kies verskillende "rekeninge", dit wil sê "kredietkaart", "tjek", "besparing". Die meeste kitsbanke werk nie of sal slegs R $ 100 na 22:00 gee.

In Maart 2021 was dit slegs moontlik om geld gratis met 'n internasionale kredietkaart by die Bradesco-bank te onttrek.

In kleiner dorpe is dit moontlik dat daar geen kitsbank is wat buitelandse kaarte aanvaar nie. U moet dus altyd voldoende kontant dra.

Die bedrading van geld na Brasilië kan gedoen word Westerse Unie^{[dooie skakel]} vervoer in die meeste stede by 'n tak in Banco do Brasil afgehaal word, en ook 'n hele paar ruilkantore.

Daar is moeilik om reisigers te betaal op enige plek wat nie valuta-uitruil bied nie.

Die meeste Brasiliaanse winkels aanvaar nou groot kredietkaarte. 'N Hele paar aanlynwinkels aanvaar egter slegs kaarte wat in Brasilië uitgereik is, alhoewel dit die internasionale logo van sulke kaarte het.

Muntstukke beloop R $ 0,05, R $ 0,10, R $ 0,25, R $ 0,50 en R $ 1. Sommige denominasies het verskillende ontwerpe. Wetsontwerpe kom in die volgende benamings voor: $ 2, R $ 5, R $ 10, R $ 20 R $ 50 en R $ 100.

Kantel

Terwyl wenke soms vir sommige dienste, aflewering of toerisme gegee kan word, is wenke baie ongewoon. Dit word gewoonlik nie in taxi's verwag nie, hoewel die tarief soms afgerond word. Baie restaurante bevat 'n afleweringskoste van 10% in die nota, sonder dat u verdere wenke benodig. So 'n heffing hang dikwels van die munisipaliteit af. Tipies van kroegmanne is nie gebruiklik nie.

Aandenkings

Soortgelyk aan die res van Latyns-Amerika, kan handgemaakte juwele en bykomstighede oral gevind word, veral in toeristiese gebiede, maar dit sal aansienlik duurder wees. In streke met 'n groter Afro-Brasiliaanse bevolking vind u meer Afrika-beïnvloed aandenkings, insluitend swart poppe. Havaianas flip-flops is bekostigbaar en is maklik beskikbaar in Brasilië, en supermarkte is dikwels die beste plek om dit te koop - klein winkels het gewoonlik handelsmerke of vals handelsmerke. As u plek in u tasse het, 'n Brasiliaanse geweefde katoen hangmat is ook 'n lekker, funksionele aankoop. Nog 'n interessante en prettige item is 'n peteca, 'n soort handbol wat gebruik word in 'n gelyknamige tradisionele spel, wat soortgelyk is aan vlugbal.

Inkopies

Dit is nie 'n slegte idee om binne 'n paar dae na aankoms lig in te pak en 'n Brasiliaanse klerekas aan te skaf nie. Dit sal u minder vanselfsprekend maak as 'n toeris, en u maande lank tevrede oor die goeie winskopies wat u kry wanneer u met u klere gekomplimenteer word. Brasiliane het hul eie gevoel vir styl en dit laat toeriste - veral dié in Hawaise hemde of sandale met sokkies - uitstaan ​​onder die skare. Lekker inkopies doen en saamsmelt. Nog 'n goeie rede vir die koop van klere en skoene in Brasilië is dat die kwaliteit gewoonlik goed is en dat die pryse dikwels goedkoop is. Dit is egter nie van toepassing op enige buitelandse handelsmerk nie, aangesien die invoer deur hoë invoerbelasting belas word. Moet dus nie verwag om goeie pryse op handelsmerke soos Diesel, Levi's, Tommy Hilfiger, ens. Te vind nie. middellyf in sentimeter, deel deur 2 en rond dit af na die volgende ewe getal.

By vensters word dikwels 'n prys vertoon gevolg deur 'X 5' of 'X 10', ens. Dit is 'n afbetalingsprys. Die prys wat vertoon word, is die prys per afbetaling, sodat "R $ 50 X 10" byvoorbeeld 10 betalings (gewoonlik maandeliks) van R $ 50 elk beteken. Die werklike prys is dikwels laer as u kontant betaal.

Maak seker dat enige toestelle wat u koop dubbelspanning of dieselfde is as in u land. Brasilië is 60 Hz, dus moenie elektriese horlosies of gemotoriseerde artikels koop wat nie deur batterye gebruik word as u in Europa of Australië woon nie. Die spanning wissel egter volgens staat of selfs gebiede binne dieselfde toestand. (sien Elektrisiteit hieronder).

Toestelle en elektronika in Brasilië is duur. Indien nie, is dit gewoonlik van swak gehalte. Alle elektronika is duur in vergelyking met die Europese of Amerikaanse pryse. Die pryse van ingevoerde elektroniese goedere kan redelik duur wees as gevolg van hoë invoerbelasting, en die verskeidenheid huishoudelike elektroniese artikels is nie baie groot nie.

Alhoewel die sterkte van die ware beteken dat inkopies in Brasilië nie meer goedkoop is nie, is daar nog steeds baie winskopies, veral leerprodukte, insluitend skoene (die grootte is wel anders). Klere in die algemeen is 'n goeie koop, veral vir vroue vir wie daar baie deftige artikels is. Straatmarkte, wat algemeen voorkom, is ook 'n baie goeie opsie, maar vermy handelsname soos "Nike" - u sal meer betaal en dit is waarskynlik vals. Moenie bang wees om 'n item te "voel" nie. As dit nie reg voel nie, is dit waarskynlik nie! As daar geen etiket is nie, is dit waarskynlik Brasiliaans, maar sommige produkte wat in Brasilië vervaardig word, is minder sterk as hul Amerikaanse of Europese eweknieë.

Eet

Sien ook: Brasiliaanse kookkuns

Keuken

Die Brasiliaanse kookkuns is so uiteenlopend soos die geografie en kultuur, gebaseer op die verskeidenheid gewasse, vee en seekos wat in die land geproduseer word. Aan die ander kant kan sommige dit as 'n ongeraffineerde mengsel beskou, en die alledaagse prys kan vaal en eentonig wees. Alhoewel daar 'n paar unieke geregte van plaaslike oorsprong is, is baie geregte deur oorsese immigrante gebring en is dit deur die geslagte heen volgens plaaslike smaak aangepas. Italiaanse en Chinese kos in Brasilië kan dikwels so verbysterend wees as die Amazone-kos.

Die standaard Brasiliaanse vaste middagete word genoem prato feito, met sy broers en susters kommersieel en executivo. Rys en bruinbone in sous, met 'n klein steak. Soms sal farofa, spaghetti, groente en patat saamkom. Beesvleis kan vervang word met hoender, vis of ander.

Uitstekend seekos kan gevind word in kusdorpe, veral in die Noordoos.

Geregte

• Brasilië se nasionale gereg is feijoada, 'n stewige bredie gemaak van swartbone, varkvleis (ore, kneukels, tjops, wors) en beesvleis (gewoonlik gedroog). Dit word bedien met rys, versier met koolgroente en lemoene in skywe. Dit word nie in elke restaurant bedien nie; diegene wat dit bedien, bied dit gewoonlik op Woensdae en Saterdae aan. 'N Tipiese fout wat toeriste begaan, is om te veel te eet feijoada met die eerste ontmoeting. Dit is 'n swaar gereg - selfs Brasiliane eet dit gewoonlik parsimonieus.
• Brasiliaanse versnaperinge, lanches (toebroodjies) en salgadinhos (meestal enigiets anders), bevat 'n wye verskeidenheid gebak. Soek vir coxinha (gebraaide, beslag hoender), empada ('n klein tert, wat nie met die empanada verwar moet word nie - empadas en empanadas is heeltemal verskillende items), en pastelkleur (gebraaide omset). 'N Ander algemene versnapering is 'n misto quente, 'n geperste, geroosterde ham-en-kaas-toebroodjie. Pão-de-queijo, 'n rol van maniokmeel en kaas, is baie gewild, veral in Minas Gerais staat - pão-de-queijo en 'n koppie vars Brasiliaanse koffie is 'n klassieke kombinasie.

Selfs meer:

• Farofa. 'N Cassava-meel wat geroer word met spek en ui; die standaard karbo bygereg by restaurante, saam met wit rys. (Junie 2018 opgedateer)
• Feijão verde. Groenbone met kaasgratin. (Junie 2018 opgedateer)
• Paçoca. Beesrukkerig gemeng met kassava meel in a pilão (groot mortier met 'n groot stamper). Tradisionele cowboy-tarief. (Junie 2018 opgedateer)
• Pastel. Gebraaide gebak gevul met kaas, maalvleis of ham. (Junie 2018 opgedateer)
• Tapioca (Beiju de tapioca). Gemaak met die kassawe-stysel, ook bekend as tapioka-stysel. As dit in 'n pan verhit word, stol dit en word dit 'n soort pannekoek of droë crêpe, soos 'n skyf. Sommige bedien dit in die helfte gevou, ander rol dit in rokamboolstyl. Die vulsel wissel, maar dit kan soet of sout word, met die mees tradisionele geure: gerasperde klapper / kondensmelk (soet), beesvleis / koolhoas, gewone kaas en botter (sout). Dit het egter 'n "gegourmetiseerde" voedselitem geword wat met kreatiwiteit behandel moet word; nutella, sjokolade, napolitano (pizzakaas / ham / tamatie / oregano) en gesnipperde hoenderborsie / katupiriekaas is deesdae amper standaardopsies. (Junie 2018 opgedateer)
• Brigadeiro. 'N Tradisionele Brasiliaanse nagereg uit die 1940's, gemaak van kakaopoeier, kondensmelk en botter, bedek sjokoladesprinkels. (Junie 2018 opgedateer)

Streekgeriewe

• Suidelik - Churrasco is 'n Brasiliaanse braai, en word gewoonlik "rodizio" of "espeto corrido" (alles wat jy kan eet) bedien. Kelners dra groot stukke vleis op staalspitse van tafel tot tafel, en sny snye op jou bord af (gebruik die tang om die vleisplaatjie te gryp en moenie met die silwerware aan die mesrand raak nie, sodat die rand nie verdof word nie). Tradisioneel word 'n klein houtblokkie aan die een kant groen gekleur en aan die ander kant rooi. Sit die groen kant na bo as u gereed is om te eet. As u te propvol is om die kelner selfs te vertel dat u genoeg is, sit die rooi kant na bo ... Rodizio plekke het 'n buffet vir nie-vleisitems; oppas dat die nageregte op sommige plekke nie as deel van die hoofbuffet beskou word nie en dat dit as aanvulling gehef word. Die meeste churrasco-restaurante (churrascarias) bedien ook ander soorte kos, dus is dit veilig om daarheen te gaan met 'n vriend wat nie regtig lief is vir vleis nie. Alhoewel churrascarias gewoonlik redelik duur is (vir Brasiliaanse standaarde) in die Noord-, Sentraal- en die plattelandse gebiede van die land, is dit gewoonlik baie goedkoper as in die Suide en die groot stede, waar hulle selfs deur minder gegoede mense besoek word.
• Mineiro is die "mynwerker" se kookkuns van Minas Gerais, gebaseer op vark en bone, met 'n bietjie groente. Geregte van Goiás is soortgelyk, maar gebruik 'n paar plaaslike bestanddele soos pequi en guariroba. Minas Gerais-kookkuns, as dit nie as besonder lekker beskou word nie, het 'n 'huislike' gevoel wat baie gekoester word.
• Die kos van Bahia, aan die noordoostelike kus, het sy wortels oor die Atlantiese Oseaan in Oos-Afrika en Indiese kookkuns. Die belangrikste bestanddele is kokosneut, palmolie, soetrissies en seekos. Wenk: warm ("quente") beteken baie peper, koud ("frio") beteken minder of glad nie peper nie. As jy dit waag om te eet warm jy moet probeer akarajé (gebraaide garnale gebraai) en vatapá (drinkbare swartboontjiesop).
• Espírito Santo en Bahia het twee verskillende weergawes van moqueca, 'n heerlike tamatie-gebaseerde seekosbredie, berei in 'n spesiale kleipot.
• Amazone kombuis put uit die voedsel van die inheemse inwoners, insluitend verskillende eksotiese vis en groente. Daar is ook 'n geweldige verskeidenheid tropiese vrugte.
• CearáDie voedsel bevat 'n groot verskeidenheid seekos en is bekend daarvoor dat dit die beste krap in die land is. Dit is so gewild dat duisende mense letterlik elke naweek gaan Praia do Futuro in Fortaleza om gebraaide vis en krappe te eet (gewoonlik gevolg deur koue bier).

Brasiliaanse "samesmelting" -geriewe

• pizza is baie gewild in Brasilië. In Sāo Paulo sal reisigers die hoogste aantal pizzasalonne per inwoner in die land vind. Die verskeidenheid geure is geweldig groot, en sommige restaurante bied meer as 100 soorte pizza aan. Dit is die moeite werd om te let op die verskil tussen die Europese "mozzarella" en die Brasiliaanse "mussarela". Hulle verskil in smaak, voorkoms en oorsprong, maar buffelmozzarella ("mussarela de búfala") is ook gereeld beskikbaar. Die Brasiliaanse "mussarela", wat die meeste pizzas is, is geel van kleur en het 'n sterker smaak. In sommige restaurante, veral in die suide, het pizza geen tamatiesous nie. Ander geregte van Italiaanse oorsprong, soos macarrão (macaroni), lasanha en ander is ook baie gewild.
• Midde-Ooste en Arabier (eintlik Libanees) kos is wyd beskikbaar. Die meeste opsies bied 'n hoë gehalte en 'n groot verskeidenheid. Sommige soorte voedsel uit die Midde-Ooste, soos quibe en esfiha is aangepas en is landswyd beskikbaar by peuselhappies en kitskosgewrigte. U kan ook shawarma (kebabs) staan, wat Brasiliane "churrasco grego" (Griekse barbecue) noem.
• São Paulo's Japannees restaurante bedien baie tempura, yakisoba, sushi en sashimi. Die verskeidenheid is goed en meestal is die pryse baie aantreklik in vergelyking met Europa, die VSA en Japan. Die meeste Japannese restaurante bied ook die rodizio of buffet opsie, met dieselfde gehalte asof u van die spyskaart af bestel het. Soms kan dit egter nogal 'n afwyking van die regte ding wees. In die besonder word in Brasiliaanse soesjisse groot hoeveelhede roomkaas en mayonaise gebruik, en gepaneerde soesji met tarasous ("warm broodjies") is net so gewild soos "rou vis" -sushi. Dieselfde kan gesê word Chinees kos, weer met 'n paar variasies van die tradisionele. Kaasgevulde loempia's, enigiemand. Japannese restaurante (of diegene wat Japannese kos aanbied) kom baie meer voor as Chinese en kom voor in baie Brasiliaanse stede, veral in die staat São Paulo.

Restaurante

• Restaurante betaal 10% diensfooi op die rekening, en dit is gewoonlik die enigste fooi wat in Brasilië betaal word. Dit is nie verpligtend nie, maar om te vra dat die heffing verwyder word, word dikwels as onbeskof beskou en is gewoonlik gereserveer vir slegte diens. As u regtig 'n fooi wil gee, is R $ 5-10 genoeg, en dit sal u bediener waarskynlik ook regtig verbaas.
• Daar is twee soorte selfbedieningsrestaurante, soms met albei opsies op een plek beskikbaar: buffette met 'n vleisbraai wat aan tafel aangebied word, genaamd rodízio, of 'n prys per gewig (por quilo of quilão), baie algemeen tydens middagete in die hele Brasilië. Laai by die buffet op en sit u bord op die skaal voordat u dit eet. Veral in die Suide kom die tradisionele Italiaanse "galeto" algemeen voor. U kry verskillende soorte pasta, slaaie, sop en vleis (meestal hoender) aan u tafel.
• Kliënte mag volgens die wet die kombuis besoek om te kyk hoe die kos hanteer word, hoewel dit buitengewoon ongewoon is en dat dit waarskynlik vreemd en onbeleefd sal wees.
• Sommige Brasiliaanse restaurante bedien slegs etes vir twee. Dit is miskien nie duidelik op die menu nie, so vra die kelner. Die meeste restaurante in hierdie kategorie maak voorsiening vir 'n "halwe bediening" van sulke borde (meia-porção), teen 60-70% van die prys. Egpare by restaurante sit dikwels eerder langs mekaar as teenoor mekaar; let op u kelner se aanwysings of gee u voorkeur wanneer u sit.
• Kitskos is gewild, en die plaaslike burgers neem hamburgers en worsbroodjies aan ('cachorro-quente', letterlik vertaal) is die moeite werd om te probeer. Brasiliaanse toebroodjies kom in baie variëteite voor, met bestanddele soos mayonnaise, spek, ham, kaas, blaarslaai, tamatie, mielies, ertjies, rosyne, patat, ketchup, eiers, piekels, ens. Dapper eters wil dalk die tradisionele worsbroodjie probeer. (vra net vir 'n voltooi), wat, afgesien van die broodjie en die wors, alles wat uitgestal word, sal insluit. Die alomteenwoordige x-burger (en sy variëteite x-salada, x-tudo, ens.) is nie so geheimsinnig soos dit klink nie: die uitspraak van die letter "X" in Portugees klink soos "kaas", vandaar die naam.
• Groot kettings: die kitskos-burgerketting Bob s'n word landwyd aangetref en bestaan ​​al amper so lank soos McDonald's in die land. Daar is ook 'n nasionale kitskosketting genaamd Habib's wat ondanks die naam pizza bedien, benewens Arabiese kos. Burger King en Subway is ook wydverspreid.

Drink

Alkohol

Brasilië se nasionale drank is cachaça (cah-shah-sah, ook bekend as aguardente ("brandende water") en pinga), 'n suikerrietdrank van 40% waarvan bekend is dat dit die onversigtige vinnig uitslaan. Dit kan in feitlik elke kroeg in die land probeer word. Bekende produserende streke sluit in Minas Gerais, waar daar toere deur distilleerderye is, en die stad Paraty. Pirassununga is die tuiste van Caninha 51, die topverkoper-handelsmerk in Brasilië. Buite Fortaleza daar is 'n cachaça-museum (Museu da Cachaça) waar u die geskiedenis van die Ypioca-handelsnaam kan leer.

Om cachaça reguit te drink, of slegs 'n poppie heuning of 'n bietjie lemmetjiesap daarby te roer, is 'n algemene gewoonte in die noordoostelike streek van die land, maar die sterkte van cachaça kan versteek word in cocktails soos die beroemde Caipirinha, waar dit met suiker, lemmetjiesap en ys gemeng word. Die gebruik van vodka in plaas van cachaça het die bynaam caipiroska of caipivodka; met wit rum, is dit 'n caipiríssima; en ter wille is dit 'n caipisaque (nie in elke streek nie). 'N Ander interessante konkoksie word genoem capeta ("duiwel"), gemaak met cachaça, kondensmelk, kaneel, guarana poeier ('n ligte stimulant), en ander bestanddele, wissel volgens streek. As u van lekker brandewyn of grappa hou, probeer 'n verouderde cachaça. Diep en ingewikkeld is hierdie goudkleurige gees niks soos die alomteenwoordige helder drank wat meer algemeen gesien word nie. 'N Prettige reis is na 'n' alambiek '- 'n plaaslike distilleerdery, waarvan daar duisende dwarsdeur die land is - u sal nie net kan sien hoe die gees van die rou suiker suiker gemaak word nie, u sal waarskynlik ook 'n beter prys kry .

Die moeite werd om te probeer is Brasiliaanse whisky! Dit is eintlik 50% ingevoerde Scotch - die moutbestanddeel - en ongeveer 50% Brasiliaanse graanspiritus. Moenie mislei word deur Amerikaanse klinkende name soos 'Wall Street' nie. Dit is nie bourbon nie. Goeie waarde vir geld en nie van gewone Britse versnitte te onderskei nie.

Terwyl ingevoerde alkohol baie duur is, word baie internasionale handelsmerke onder lisensie in Brasilië vervaardig, wat dit wyd beskikbaar en redelik goedkoop maak. U kan drank belastingvry koop nadat u op Brasiliaanse lughawens geland het, maar dit is gewoonlik duurder as om dit buite die lughawens te koop.

Bier

Bier in Brasilië het 'n gerespekteerde geskiedenis as gevolg van die Duitse immigrante. Die meeste Brasiliaanse bierhandelsmerke is meestal minder dik en bitter as Duits, Deens of Engelse bier. Meer as 90% van alle bier wat in Brasilië verbruik word, is Pilsner, en dit word gewoonlik baie koud gedrink (teen 'n temperatuur naby 0 ° C). Die gewildste plaaslike handelsmerke is Brahma, Antarktika, en Skol. Tradisionele handelsmerke sluit in Boheme, Caracu ('n sterk) Oorspronklik en Serra Malte (nog 'n sterk). Dit kom maklik in kroeë voor en is die moeite werd om te probeer, maar is gewoonlik duurder as die gewilde bier. Daar is ook nasionale premium biere wat slegs in sekere spesifieke kroeë en supermarkte aangetref word; as u 'n goeie Brasiliaanse bier wil proe, soek dit na Baden Baden, Colorado, Eisenbahn, Petra, Theresopolis en ander. Daar is ook internasionale biere wat deur nasionale brouerye soos Heineken en Stella Artois geproduseer word, en dit het 'n effens ander smaak as dit met die oorspronklike biere vergelyk word.

Daar is twee maniere om bier in kroeë te drink: konsep- of gebottelde bier. Konsepbierbier word genoem chope of tjoppie ('SHOH-piepie'), en word gewoonlik met 'n sentimeter skuim bedien, maar u kan 'n klag by die kroegman indien as die skuim deurgaans dikker is. In kroeë sal die kelner gewoonlik die leë glase en bottels op 'n tafel versamel en vervang met volle, totdat u hom vra om te stop, in 'n "kraan" -laaistelsel. In die geval van gebottelde bier word bottels (600 ml of 1 liter) aan almal aan tafel gedeel en in klein glasies gegooi, eerder as om dit reguit uit die bottel te drink. Brasiliane hou van hul bier byna yskoud - om die temperatuur te verlaag, word bottels bier dikwels in 'n geïsoleerde houer van polistireen op die tafel gehou.

Wyn

Rio Grande do Sul is die voorste wyn produksiestreek. Daar is 'n aantal wynproduserende plase wat oop is vir besoekers en wynproe, en wynkelders wat wyn en gegiste druiwesap verkoop. Een van hierdie plase wat oop is vir besoekers is Salton Winery, geleë in die stad Bento Gonçalves. Die São Francisco-vallei, langs die grens van die state van Pernambuco en Bahia, is die land se nuutste wynproduserende streek. Brasiliaanse wyne is gewoonlik varser, vrugter en minder alkoholagtig as byvoorbeeld Franse wyne. Gewilde handelsmerke soos Sangue de Boi, Canção en Santa Felicidade en ander met pryse onder R $ 6,00 word gewoonlik as rommel gesien.

In Minas Gerais, soek vir licor de jabuticaba (jabuticaba drank) of vinho de jabuticaba (jabuticaba-wyn), 'n pragtige pers-swart drankie met 'n soet smaak. Jabuticaba is die naam van 'n klein druiweagtige swart vrug wat in Brasilië afkomstig is.

Koffie en tee

Brasilië is wêreldwyd bekend vir sy hoë gehalte sterk koffie. Kafee is so gewild dat dit maaltye kan noem (net soos rys doen in China, Japan en Korea): ontbyt in Brasilië word genoem café da manhã (oggendkoffie), terwyl café com pão (koffie met brood) of café da tarde (middagkoffie) beteken 'n ligte middag ete. Cafezinho (klein koffie) is 'n klein koppie sterk, versoete koffie wat gewoonlik na etes in restaurante bedien word (soms gratis, vra net beleefd). Gebottelde gefiltreerde koffie word in sterker restaurante deur sterker espressokoppies vervang.

Chá, of tee in Portugees, kom meestal voor in die Assam weergawe (oranje, ligkleurig). Sommige meer gespesialiseerde teewinkels en kafees het Earl Grey en groen tee ook beskikbaar.

Maat is 'n infusie soortgelyk aan tee wat baie kafeïen bevat. 'N Geroosterde weergawe, wat gereeld verkoel bedien word, word regoor die land verbruik Chimarrão (wat in die naburige Spaanssprekende lande maat genoem word) is die warm, bitter ekwivalent wat in die suide gevind kan word en word baie waardeer deur die gaúchos (Inwoners van Rio Grande do Sul). Tererê is 'n koue weergawe van Chimarrão, algemeen in Mato Grosso do Sul en Mato Grosso staat.

Gaskoeldrank

As u 'n Coke in Brasilië, vra vir coca of coca-cola, soos "cola" in die Portugees "gom" beteken.

Guaraná is 'n koolzuurhoudende koeldrank gemaak van die guaraná bessie, inheems aan die Amasone-gebied. Die belangrikste handelsmerke is Antarktika en Kuat, laasgenoemde besit deur Coke. Pureza is 'n minder bekende guaraná-koeldrank wat spesiaal gewild is in Santa Catarina. Daar is ook 'n "Guaraná Jesus" wat gewild is in Maranhão. Byna alle streke in Brasilië het hul eie plaaslike variante op guaraná, waarvan sommige op sowel goeie as slegte maniere heeltemal van die standaard "Antarktika" kan verskil. Probeer 'n koue "Baré" as u na Amazonas reis, wat vanweë die groot gewildheid in Manaus deur Antarktika gekoop is en in die noorde van Brasilië beskikbaar raak.

Tubaína is 'n koolzuurhoudende koeldrank wat eens baie gewild was onder Brasiliane (veral diegene wat in die 70's, 80's en vroeë 90's gebore is) en wat baie moeilik gevind kan word. Dit is een keer deur 'Brahma' in massaproduksie geproduseer voordat dit slegs op biere gefokus het. As u toevallig 'n plek vind wat dit verkoop, probeer dit.

Mineirinho (of Mate Couro) is ook 'n gewilde koeldrank gemaak van guaraná en 'n tipiese Brasiliaanse blaar genaamd Chapéu de Couro. Alhoewel die meeste Brasiliane sê dat dit soos gras smaak, beweer ouer mense (70 jaar) dat die drank medisinale eienskappe het.

Vrugtesap

Vrugtesap is baie gewild in Brasilië. Sommige stede, veral Rio de Janeiro, het vrugtesapstawe op byna elke hoek.

• Niks klop nie Klapperwater (água de coco) op 'n warm dag. (Beklemtoon die eerste o, anders kom dit as 'poe' uit (cocô)). Dit word meestal verkoop as coco gelado in die klapper self, gedrink met 'n strooi. Vra die masjien-verskaffers om die klapper in die helfte te sny sodat u die vleis kan eet nadat u die water gedrink het.
• Açai ('n vrug van die Amasone) is heerlik en voedsaam (ryk aan antioksidante) en kom wydverspreid oor die hele land voor. In die Amasone-streek word dit gebruik as aanvulling op die alledaagse dieet, wat gereeld saam met rys en vis geëet word tydens die hoofmaaltyd van die dag. Vreemd genoeg, buite die Amasone-streek, word dit gewoonlik gebruik in gemeng in kombinasie met guarana ('n stimulant) poeier en 'n piesang om weer op te wek van partytjies in die laat aand. Dit word koud voorgesit en het 'n konsistensie van sagte ys. Daar is ook açai-ysies beskikbaar.
• Maracuja (passievrug) (versigtig tydens 'n aktiewe dag, want dit het 'n ontspannende effek)
• Caju (cashewvrugte) en
• Garapa: vars geperste suikerriet sap
• Manga (mango) is ook goeie sapervarings.
• Mangaba
• Umbu
• Vitamina: melkskommel met vars vrugte

Brasiliane het 'n goeie smaak as dit by die meng van sappe kom.

Slaap

Hoogseisoen in Brasilië volg op die skoolvakansiekalender, Desember en Januarie (somer) is die besigste maande. Nuwejaar, Karnaval (verskuifbaar tussen Februarie en Maart, sien Verstaan hierbo) en die Heilige week is die spitstye, en pryse kan die hoogte inskiet, veral in kusstede soos Rio en Salvador. Gedurende daardie vakansie beperk baie hotelle besprekings tot 'n minimum van 3 of 4 dae en moet hulle vooraf betaal.

Hotelle hulle is volop in feitlik alle dele van Brasilië en kan wissel van luukse strandoorde tot baie beskeie en goedkoop keuses. Die Brasiliaanse toerismeregulering stel spesifieke minimum eienskappe vir elke soort fasiliteit op, maar aangesien die 1-5-sterre-gradering nie meer toegepas word nie, moet u vooraf seker maak of u hotel die soort dienste lewer wat u verwag.

Pousada beteken gastehuis (die plaaslike ekwivalent van 'n Frans auberge of 'n Britse losieshuis), en is gewoonlik eenvoudiger as hotelle, en bied minder dienste (kamerdiens, wassery, ens.). Pousadas kom selfs meer voor as hotelle.

In wildernisgebiede soos die Pantanal, reisigers bly gewoonlik in fazendas, wat plase is met gasgeriewe. In klein dorpies in Minas Gerais is mense lief daarvoor hotéis-fazenda (plaashotelle) waar u kan swem, ry, stap, sokker speel en kampeer, asook in skilderagtige kaserne kan slaap.

Daar is ook groot pret om aan te gaan boot hotel wat u na ontoeganklike plekke aan die riviere en mere sal neem vir wonderlike visuitstappies of om bloot te ontspan en na die natuurlewe wat baie in die Pantanal is, te bekyk en te fotografeer. Die bote is groot, veilig en gemaklik met kamers met lugversorging (baie nodig). Verskeie klein aluminiumbote met buiteboordmotor, wat deur die boothotel vervoer word, bestuur deur ervare visser / gids, sal 2 of 3 toeriste na die beste "punte" neem.

Jeug koshuise (albergues da juventude) word al hoe meer algemeen.

Baie hotelle gee afslag as u nie die monopolistiese besprekingswebwerf in die middel gebruik nie, veral nie in Rio nie. Kyk dus direk na hul webwerf of stuur 'n boodskap aan hulle.

Motelle teen hotelle

'N Vinnige woord van waarskuwing; in Brasilië is 'n 'motel' nie dieselfde as wat mens normaalweg in die Verenigde State vind nie. Die term motel in Latyns-Amerika verwys gewoonlik na 'n plek waar die kamers op kort termyn gehuur word, gewoonlik vir romantiese opdragte. Hotelle daarenteen is akkommodasie vir reisigers en is gewoonlik gesinsvriendelik. Baie hotelle sal nie toelaat dat persone wat nie as gaste geregistreer is nie, verder as die ontvangsarea gaan. Dit is vir die veiligheid van die gaste en hotelpersoneel en ook om die hotel se reputasie te beskerm in wat nog steeds 'n kultureel konserwatiewe en Katolieke land is. Besoekers wat dus op soek is na 'n plek om die fisieke geselskap van 'n ander te geniet, gebruik dikwels motelle. Privaatheid is ook 'n premie in Brasilië, en kinders woon dikwels tuis totdat hulle getroud is. Om hierdie en ander praktiese redes huur paartjies, selfs egpare wat 'n bietjie intimiteit wil hê, soms 'n kamer by 'n motel. Hierdie motels is algemeen in Brasilië en dra nie die sosiale stigma wat in die Verenigde State of Kanada met sogenaamde 'no tell motels' geassosieer is nie. Die kwaliteit en prys van motelverblyf wissel, soms drasties, met die meeste skoon en goed onderhou. Kamers is anoniem met die tarief en alle gepaardgaande koste word gewoonlik slegs kontant betaal.

Leer

Die gehalte van Brasiliaanse universiteite wissel baie, afhangende van die streek. In Brasilië is daar honderde universiteite, en openbare universiteite is gewoonlik die bekendste in die land en diegene wat die meeste wetenskaplike navorsing lewer as private universiteite. Sommige van die belangrikste openbare universiteite is Universiteit van São Paulo (USP), Federale Universiteit van Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Universiteit van Brasilia (UnB), Federale Universiteit van Santa Catarina (UFSC) en Federale Universiteit van Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Daarbenewens is daar ook enkele belangrike private universiteite, soos Mackenzie Presbyterian Universiteit en die Pouslike Katolieke Universiteit van São Paulo (PUCSP), die Pouslike Katolieke Universiteit van Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), die Pouslike Katolieke Universiteit van Paraná (PUCPR) en die Pouslike Katolieke Universiteit van Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Openbare universiteite het 'n standaard toelatingseksamen, genaamd die VYAND (Bekende Nacional do Ensino Médio, National High School Exam), hoewel sommige van hulle ook hul eie toelatingseksamen het. Al hierdie universiteite het uitstekende voor- en nagraadse programme en word internasionaal erken, met verskillende uitruilprogramme met verskillende universiteite in baie lande regoor die wêreld.

Om 'n uitruilstudent aan 'n Brasiliaanse universiteit te registreer, moet u 'n studentevisum by die Brasiliaanse ambassade of konsulaat in u tuisland. Nadat u met 'n geldige studentevisum in Brasilië aangekom het, moet u in die Departamento da Polícia Federal (Federale polisiekantoor) binne 30 dae na u aankoms en verkry die RNE (Registro Nacional do Estrangeiro), wat die nasionale ID-kaart vir oorsese burgers is. Dit is ook waar u kan hernu u visum met die Brasiliaanse owerhede.

Portugese kursusse vir buitelanders is nie wydverspreid buite die groot stede nie. 'N Goeie alternatief is om vriendelik te wees met taalstudente en lesse uit te ruil. As u na Brasilië kom met 'n paar eerste begrippe Portugees, sal u sien dat mense u baie beter sal behandel en dit sal baie makliker wees. Taalskole in Curitiba, Salvador, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, en Porto Alegre het Portugese kursusse vanaf 2 weke.

Werk

As u werk kan kry, is dit maklik om in Brasilië te werk, meestal omdat daar baie informaliteit is. In teorie moet u 'n werkpermit hê (Autorização de Trabalho) van die Ministerie van Arbeid voordat u werk kan kry. Om dit te bekom, moet u egter deur 'n werkgewer geborg word voordat u die land binnekom. Die maatskappy moet 'n vreemdeling hê wat sleg genoeg is om die regering meer as R $ 2000 te betaal om u te borg, wetende dat hy volgens die wet verplig is om gelyktydig 'n plaasvervanger vir u aan te stel en op te lei. As gevolg hiervan kan die vind van 'n wettige werk 'n redelike skrikwekkende burokratiese taak wees, selfs in die groeiende arbeidsmark van vandag in Brasilië.

As u 'n moedertaal Engelssprekend is, kan u dalk 'n deeltydse werk in Engels onderrig, maar u kan nie verwag dat dit u vakansie sal bespaar nie. Alhoewel werk in die informele mark aanvanklik maklik kan lyk, is daar ook risiko's. Die betaling sal onder kontrak wees sonder kontrak, en dit sal dus vir u moeilik wees om later u arbeidsregte op te eis. In die groter stede is daar ook die gevaar om deur 'n mededingende skool by die owerhede ingegee te word, wat u moontlik vroeër na 'n vliegtuig huis toe gaan as wat u beplan het.

Daar is ook 'n toenemende vraag na Spaanse taalklasse, dus moedertaal-Spaanssprekendes behoort veral nie in die groot stede probleme te vind nie. In albei gevalle is dit altyd baie winsgewender om privaat werk te kry eerder as deur skole. Dit kan maklik gedoen word, byvoorbeeld deur 'n advertensie in die advertensie-afdeling van die koerante Folha de S. Paulo en Estado de S. Paulo (in São Paulo), O Globo (in Rio de Janeiro) en Zero Hora (in Porto) te plaas. Alegre) of in die nasionale weekblad Veja (u moet daarvoor betaal) of deur borde op universiteite soos USP (gratis) op die kennisgewingborde te plaas.

Verwys na die Ministerie van Arbeid webwerf vir meer gedetailleerde inligting.

Vrywilligerswerk

Om as vrywilliger te werk, Spaans te leer en die land op 'n skoenring te sien, is gewild onder baie reisigers in Suid-Amerika. Mense met baie tyd kies meestal vir hierdie soort reis om die land en sy mense te leer ken.

Vrywilligerswerk kan gedoen word as deel van 'n groot organisasie, of vir plaaslike gesinne. When working with or for local families, they often provide you with food and accommodation for about 3-5 hr work per day. Such engagements can be found with any of the following websites, which differ by length and type of stay: Workaway, HelpX, Wwoof, en Worldpackers. The website generally demand a small commission or a yearly fee.

Use the rating system of these websites to determine good and reliable hosts. And beware, many locals just use those websites to find cheap labour, offering a terrible experience, sometimes no food or no decent accommodation. Avoid such offers, which are just badly managed businesses, and opt for placements that really depend on volunteers (like green farming, education, NGOs, etc.).

In general, avoid paying for volunteering. You can also contact a bunch of international NGOs and let them know you are interested in working for them. Sometimes you can also get a paid job after doing some volunteer work. Just be clear that you are able to stay a fixed amount of time for unpaid work, and that you would need some money to continue your work.

Bly gesond

When visiting the Midwestern states of Brazil, the relative humidity can be below 30% during the dry season from June to September. It is important to drink plenty of water to avoid the unpleasant effects of dehydration.

Food from street and beach vendors has a bad hygienic reputation in Brazil. The later in the day, the worse it gets. Bottled and canned drinks are safe, although some people will insist on using a straw to avoid contact with the exterior of the container. Bear in mind the heat and humidity when storing perishable foods.

Tap water varies from place to place, (from contaminated, saline or soaked with chlorine to plain drinkable) and Brazilians themselves usually prefer to have it filtered.

In airports, bus stations, as well as many of the cheaper hotels and malls, it is common to find drinking fountains (bebedouro), although not always safe. In hostel kitchens, look for the tap with the cylindrical filter attached. In more expensive hotels, there is often no publicly accessible fountain, and bedrooms contain minibars, selling you mineral water at extremely inflated prices — buying bottled water from the store is always the best alternative.

Vaccination against yellow fever and taking anti-malaria medication may be necessary if you are travelling to Midwestern state of Mato Grosso or northern (Amazon) regions. If you're arriving from Peru, Colombia or Bolivia, proof of yellow fever vaccination is required before you enter Brazil. Some countries, such as Australia en Suid-Afrika, will require evidence of yellow fever vaccination before allowing you enter the country if you have been in any part of Brazil within the previous week. Check the requirements of any country you will travel to from Brazil. In coastal Brazil there's also a risk for dengue fever, en die Zika virus outbreak in Latin America hit Brazil hard with more than 60,000 confirmed cases in 2015 and 2016.

Public hospitals tend to be crowded and terrible, but they attend any kind of person, including foreigners. Most cities of at least 60,000 inhabitants have good private health care.

Dentists abound and are way cheaper than North America and Western Europe. In general, the quality of their work is consistent, but ask a local for advice and a recommendation.

As described above, the emergency number is 190 of 192, but you must speak Portuguese.

Beware that air conditioning in airports, intercity buses etc. is often quite strong. Carry a long-sleeved garment for air-conditioned places.

Although Brazil is widely known as a country where sex is freely available, it is sometimes misunderstood regarding HIV. Brazil has one of the best HIV prevention programs and consequently, a very low infection rate compared with most countries. Condoms are highly encouraged by governmental campaigns during Carnaval, and distributed for free by local public medical departments.

Bly veilig

“	O Brasil não é para principiantes. "Brazil's not for beginners."	”
—Tom Jobim, Brazilian musician

By law, everyone must carry a photo ID at all times. For a foreigner, this means your passport. However, the police will mostly be pragmatic and accept a plastified color photocopy. Not carrying a photo ID can lead to problems and delays if stopped by police or in case of a medical emergency.

Crime

Even the most patriotic Brazilian would say that the greatest problem the country faces is crime. Brazil is one of the most criminalised countries of the world; therefore, the crime rate is high, even for a developing nation. Pick-pocketing and theft are rampant, but perhaps what is more scary to visitors - and also depressingly common - are robberies at gunpoint, which target both locals and tourists. There are cases of armed criminals attacking hotels (from guesthouses to luxurious resorts) and even package tour buses, and armed robberies in crowded areas at plain daylight.

Most visitors to Brazil have trips without any incidents, and a few precautions can drastically reduce the likelihood of being victim of crime. Even with those precautions, though, the chance of a bad incident may still not be negligible. Check the individual city/area articles for advice on specific cities or places. Generally speaking, with exception of a few prosperous countryside areas and smaller towns (mostly in the southern part of the country), most areas in Brazil aren't extremely safe, so it is advisable to avoid showing off expensive possessions in public areas, to avoid deserted streets during the night, and especially, to avoid poor, run-down towns or neighbourhoods. There are cases of Brazilians or tourists being shot down without warning when entering certain neighbourhoods, either in a car or on foot. If you want to visit a favela (slum neighbourhood) or indigenous village, use a licensed, reputable tour service.

Intercity buses are generally safe, but in large cities, intercity bus terminals are often located in run-down, unsafe areas of the city, so it is prudent to take a taxi to and from the terminal rather than walk to or from it. In touristy places, tourists are often seen as "preferred prey" for criminals, so it is better to avoid looking like a tourist. For example, avoid being seen carrying a large camera or guidebook (leave them in a backpack and use them discreetly only when necessary), or dressing in a way dramatically different from the locals. It is perfectly fine to sometimes stop locals to ask questions, but avoid looking clueless and vulnerable when in public.

Emergencies related to crime can be reported to toll-free number 190. Brazil has five police forces, one for each different purpose. Each state has a Military Police (Polícia Militar, often abbreviated as PME*, where * is the abbreviation of the state. In the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brigada Militar, abbreviated as BMRS), which is responsible for ostensive policing, and a Civil Police (Polícia Civil, often abbreviated as PCE*, where * is the abbreviation of the state.), which deals with investigations. In state and federal highways, road patrol is handled by the State Highway Police (Polícia Rodoviária Estadual) and the Federal Highway Police (Polícia Rodoviária Federal). Border control, security of ports and airports, and interstate crimes are handled by the Federal Police (Polícia Federal). Many municipalities in Brazil also have a Municipal Guard (Guarda Municipal), which is responsible for the security of public parks, city government buildings and city public schools.

Road safety

Murder is probably the top fear of visitors to Brazil, but traffic-related deaths are actually nearly as common as murders - in fact, the chance of a road fatality in Brazil is comparable to countries with poor road safety reputation, like Maleisië of Vietnam. This may come as surprise as the traffic in Brazil, especially in large cities, appears to be relatively well-organised compared to these countries. However, this apparent sense of safety is where the danger lurks - Brazil has a large share of irresponsible drivers, who defy speed limits, drive under the influence of alcohol, and sometimes ignore traffic lights. Therefore, keep always your eyes open when crossing the road, even when the pedestrian light is green and the cars have stopped - you never know when a motorbike will pop up from between two cars.

In certain parts of the country, especially in the northern part, roads tend to be poor-maintained, and enforcement of traffic regulations tend to be lax. Although sometimes unavoidable, it is worthwhile to re-consider taking very long road trips inside the country when there is the option of taking a plane instead.

Natural hazards

As Brazil is a very large country and has a wide geographical diversity, parts of the country can be affected by natural disasters.

Floods and landslides

In the Amazon, the rainy season occurs between December and May, bringing torrential rains and frequent flooding in these regions, which can make the highways (which are not paved) a real quagmire impossible to transit. However, it can still be a good time to visit some of the well-populated and tourist-oriented areas and, except in unusually strong floods, you can still see the strong waterfalls, igapós and other attractions in the forest that can make an interesting moment to visit.

Floods in the semi-arid Sertão, in the inland of the Northeast region, are rare, so you would be unlucky to find them. However, if you are planning to visit a city in the Sertão and the area is flooded, you should reconsider. The terrain is flat, so the water can take weeks to drain, leaving the land swampy.

The rainiest period in the Central West is generally around the summer months, from early October to April. Some cities can have points of flooding. On the northeastern coast and in the Southeast region of the country, including Salvador, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Belo Horizonte, the rainiest period is summer months. Torrential rains in the region can cause floods and catastrophic landslides, including in tourist areas. In São Paulo, as the city is cut by the rivers Tietê and Pinheiros and the soil is impermeable, making the water slow to drain. In mountainous areas in the southeast of the country, landslides can disrupt roads and cause damage.

Earthquakes

As Brazil is located in the center of the South American plate, Brazil does not usually have earthquakes of great intensity and many of them are imperceptible by the population (below 3.0 degrees on the Richter scale).

Hurricanes

Brazil is a difficult country for hurricanes reach, as wind shear is rare in countries close to the Equator and the temperature of the ocean reaches just 26º C on the northeast coast. The only tropical storm that has ever occurred in Brazil was Hurricane Catarina, in 2004, which hit the coast of the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. Even so, cases like this are very rare in Brazil.

Tornadoes

The Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and the center and south of the state of Paraná are part of the South America Tornado Corridor, the second most tornado-prone area in the world (behind the United States Tornado Alley). Monitor local media notices and if you see that the sky is dark, the light take on a greenish-yellow cast or a loud sound that sounds like a freight train, this could be an indication of a tornado. Find shelter immediately.

Refer to the tornado safety article for analysis of the issues here.

Wildfires

Low humidity during the dry season in the Central West and the Pantanal of Brazil, in states like Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás and Brasília between May and October can lead to forest fires. If you have breathing problems and are visiting these areas, it is recommended to monitor information from the local media and avoid the areas of fires.

Demonstrations

Demonstrations and political protests are common in Brazil and are best avoided by tourists, as these demonstrations can sometimes become violent and end in clashes with the Military Police, especially when approaching city, state or federal government buildings. The majority of popular demonstrations usually take place in the capitals such as São Paulo (in places like Largo da Batata, Avenida Paulista and Praça da Sé), Rio de Janeiro (Cinelândia and Copacabana Beach), Brasília (Eixo Monumental and Esplanada dos Ministérios) or Porto Alegre (Esquina Democrática and the Historic District).

Hanteer

Newspapers

The main Brazilian newspapers are Folha de S. Paulo, Estado de S. Paulo (both published in São Paulo) and O Globo (published in Rio de Janeiro). Other major newspapers include Correio Braziliense, Estado de Minas en Zero Hora. Veja, IstoÉ en CartaCapital is the main Brazilian national weekly news magazines.

Folha de S. Paulo has an English-language news website. The Rio Times is a Brazilian online newspaper in English language.

Elektrisiteit

Sien ook: Electrical systems

Brazil is one of a few countries that uses both 110 and 220 volts for everyday appliances. Expect the voltage to change back and forth as you travel from one place to the next—even within the same Brazilian state, sometimes even within the same building. There is no physical difference in the electric outlets (power mains) for the two voltages.

Electric outlets usually accept both flat (North American), and round (European) plugs. Otherwise adaptors from flat blades to round pins are easy to find in any supermarket or hardware shop. Some outlets are too narrow for the German "Schuko" plugs. One makeshift solution is to buy a cheap T-connection and just force your "Schuko" in, -the T will break, but it will work. Very few outlets have a grounding point, and some might not accept newer North American polarized plugs, where one pin is slightly larger. Again, use the cheap T. Near the border with Argentinië, you might occasionally find outlets for the Australia/New Zealand-type plug. If crossing the border, you'll probably need this adapter as well.

In 2009/2010, the IEC 60906-1 was introduced to Brazil and some newer buildings already have it. It is backwards compatible with the Europlug, but it has a receded socket. Again, T-plugs can be used as adapters for other common formats.

Frequency is 60 Hz, which may disturb 50 Hz electric clocks. Blackouts are becoming less frequent, but you always run a risk at peak of high season in small tourist towns and during particularly strong storms, even in big cities.

Respek

Brazilians tend to be very open and talk freely about their problems, especially political subjects and other issues. Also, they use a lot of self-deprecating humour. This allows you to make jokes about the problems in Brazil, when they are talking about such issues, in a playful manner. It is common when you are pointing out something bad, for them to give answers like, "That's nothing. Look at this here. It's so much worse". But don't imitate them, as they are likely to feel offended if you criticize certain areas, such as nature or soccer. In some small towns, local politics can be a sensitive issue, and you should be careful when talking about it. Always be polite.

Punctuality

Brazilians are not known for being punctual, which can be very surprising to visitors from countries where punctuality is highly valued. You should expect your Brazilian contacts to arrive at least 10 to 15 minutes late for any appointment. This is considered normal in Brazil and does not mean a lack of respect for the relationship. However, this does not apply to work or business meetings.

If you are invited to a dinner or party, e.g. 19:00, that does not mean that you must be present at 19:00, but that you must not arrive before 19:00. You will be received at some minutes later. However, not all scheduled activities are tolerant with delays in Brazil. For example, at concerts or plays, the venue's doors close at the scheduled time. Long-distance buses also depart on the scheduled time. Short-distance public transport, such as city buses and subway, is not even concerned with the estimated time of arrival; they arrive when they arrive! Keep these elements in mind when calculating how long things will take.

Delays in the subway or city buses are not uncommon, especially in the capitals (such as São Paulo or Rio de Janeiro). However, long distance bus departures almost always leave on time (even if they arrive late), so don't count on lack of punctuality to save money when you arrive late at the bus terminals. Brazilian airports are also known for their punctuality: flights always take off at the scheduled time.

Things to avoid

• Racism is a very serious offence in Brazil. Most Brazilians frown upon racism (at least in public), and even if you are only joking or you think you know your company, it is still wise to refrain from anything that can be perceived as racism. According to the Brazilian Constitution, racism is a crime for which bail is not available, and must be met with 6 months to 8 years imprisonment. This is taken very seriously. However, the law only seems to apply to overt, unquestionably racist statements and actions. Therefore, be respectful when discussing racial relations in Brazil; do not assume you understand Brazil's history of racial inequality and slavery better than a Brazilian person of colour.
• Portuguese is not Spanish and Brazilians (as well as other Portuguese speakers) feel offended if you do not keep this in mind. The languages can be mutually intelligible to a certain extent, but they differ considerably in phonetics, vocabulary and grammar. It is not a good idea to mix Portuguese with Spanish; don't expect people to understand what you're saying if you (intentionally or unintentionally) insert Spanish words into Portuguese sentences.
• Take care when talking about politics, especially about the Getúlio Vargas regime (1930-1945, 1951-1954) and about the military dictatorship that ruled Brazil from 1964 to 1985. These are sensitive topics in Brazil and although these periods have been characterized as dictatorships, some people have a positive view of Getúlio Vargas or the military in Brazil. Depending on your political views, some may call you "communist" or "fascist".
• Avoid comparing Brazil with its neighbor Argentina: the two countries are considered rivals, especially in the economic area.

LGBT tourism

Brazil is open to LGBT tourists. São Paulo boasts the biggest LGBT Pride Parade in the world, and most major cities will have gay scenes. However, homophobia is widespread in Brazilian society, and Brazil is not the sexual heaven that many foreigners perceive it to be. Couples that in any way don't conform to traditional heterosexual expectations should expect to be open to some verbal harassment and stares if displaying affection in the streets, although several neighborhoods of many of the major cities are very welcoming of the LGBT population, and LGBT-oriented bars and clubs are common. It is best to gather information from locals as to which areas are more conservative and which are more progressive. In general, small towns or rural areas tend to be conservative and many people (especially older ones) may be shocked by public displays of homosexual affection.

Religion

Most Brazilians are Christians, with more than 60% of the population being Catholic and more than 20% being Evangelical or Protestant. However, many Brazilians are secular in everyday life and less than half of the Brazilian population attends church. Avoid talking about religion; Brazilians do not like anything that can be seen by them as proselytizing. It is not necessary to cover your head when entering a church or temple; however, it is recommended to dress respectfully and avoid wearing shorts, miniskirts or sleeveless shirts.

Religious freedom is respected by most Brazilians and people of all religions can generally practice their religion without any problems. Despite this, in the 2010s, there have been some cases of religious intolerance, especially against religions of African origin (such as Candomblé and Umbanda). Most Brazilians do not accept cases of religious intolerance and Brazilian law considers prejudice and religious discrimination crimes.

Social etiquette

• Cheek-kissing is very common in Brazil, among women and between women and men. When two women, or opposite sexes first meet, it is not uncommon to kiss. Two men will shake hands. A man kissing another man's cheek is extremely bizarre by Brazilian standards (unless in family relationships, special Italian descendants, and very close friends). Kissing is suitable for informal occasions, used to introduce yourself or being acquainted, especially to young people. Hand shaking is more appropriate for formal occasions or between women and men when no form of intimacy is intended. Trying to shake hands when offered a kiss will be considered odd, but never rude. However, to clearly refuse a kiss is a sign of disdain.

When people first meet, they will kiss once (São Paulo), twice (Rio de Janeiro) or three times (Florianópolis en Belo Horizonte, for instance), depending on where you are, alternating right and left cheeks. Observe that while doing this, you should not kiss on the cheeks (like in Russia) but actually only touch cheeks and make a kissing sound while kissing the air, placing your lips on a strangers cheek is a clear sign of sexual interest. Failing to realise these rules likely won't be seen as rude, especially if it is known that you are a foreigner.

• Many Brazilians can dance and Brazilians are usually at ease with their own bodies. While talking, they may stand closer to each other than North Americans or Northern Europeans do, and also tend to touch each other more, e.g. on the shoulder or arm, hugs etc. This is not necessarily flirtatious in nature.
• Brazilians love to drink, and going to pubs and bars is definitely part of social life - sometimes even for those who don't drink alcohol. However, alcoholic beverages aren't allowed in certain places such football stadiums, and laws concerning driving under the influence of alcohol have become increasingly more strict and more rigorously enforced.
• Brazilians do not normally take their shoes off as soon as they get home, neither expect their visitors to do so. Hence, only take off your shoes when you visit someone's house if your hosts ask so or you see them do so.

Table etiquette

• Except for highly formal situations, Brazilians don't normally mind their tones when eating and chatting. Restaurants tend to be relatively noisy and cheerful environments, especially when there are tables with large groups of people.
• Most meals will be eaten with forks/spoons and knives, but there are some things that you can eat with your hands. If you are unsure whether you should use the knife to cut something shorter or just grab it with your hands, observe how people behave around you and imitate them - or simply ask.
• Burping is considered impolite, unless you are among very close friends or relatives. Brazilians usually place the knife and the fork in a parallel manner on the plate to signalize they are finished.
• If you order a beer or a soda and it comes with a cup, waiters may fill it for you from time to time as they see it becoming empty. They will normally collect empty bottles and cans without asking you first.

Verbind

Per telefoon

Brazil has international telephone code 55 and two-digit area codes, and phone numbers are eight or nine digits long. Some areas used seven digits until 2006, meaning you might still find some old phone numbers which won't work unless you add another digit. (Mostly, try adding 2 or 3 at the beginning, or if it's an eight-digit number starting with 6 to 9 try adding a 9 at the beginning).

Eight-digit numbers beginning with digits 2 to 5 are land lines, while eight-digit or nine-digit numbers beginning with digits 6 to 9 are mobile phones.

All cities use the following emergency numbers:

• 190 - Police
• 192 - SAMU (Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência, Paramedics)
• 193 - Firefighters

However, if you dial 911 while in Brazil, you will be redirected to the police.

To dial to another area code or to another country, you must choose a carrier using a two-digit carrier code. Which carriers are available depends on the area you are dialing from and on the area you are dialing to. Carrier 21 (Embratel) is available in all areas.

The international phone number format for calls from other countries to Brazil is 55-(area code)-(phone number)

In Brazil:

• To dial to another area code: 0-(carrier code)-(area code)-(phone number)
• To dial to another country: 00-(carrier code)-(country code)-(area code)-(phone number)
• Local collect call: 90-90-(phone number)
• Collect call to another area code: 90-(carrier code)-(area code)-(phone number)
• International Collect Call: 000111 or through Embratel at 0800-703-2111

Public payphones use disposable prepaid cards, which come with 20, 40, 60 or 75 credits. The discount for buying cards with larger denominations is marginal. Phone booths are nearly everywhere, and all cards can be used in all booths, regardless of the owner phone company. Cards can be bought from many small shops, and almost all news agents sell them. Die Farmácia Pague Menos sells them at official (phone company) price, somewhat cheaper. Calls to cell phones (even local) will use up your credits baie quickly (nearly as expensive as international calls). Calling the USA costs about one real per minute.It's possible to find all international and Brazilian phone codes on DDI and DDD phone codes.

Mobile networks

When traveling to Brazil, even though it may seem best to carry your cell phone along, you should not dismiss the benefits of the calling cards to call the ones back home. Get yourself a Brazil calling card when packing for your trip.

Brazil has 4 national mobile operators: Vivo (Telefónica Group), Claro (Telmex/América Móvil Group), OI and TIM (Telecom Italia Group), all of them running GSM, HSDPA/HSPA and LTE networks. There are also smaller operators, like Nextel (NII/Sprint Group) (with iDEN Push-To-Talk and HSPA ), CTBC-ALGAR (GSM and HSDPA in Triangulo Mineiro Region (Minas Gerais)), and Sercomtel (GSM and HSDPA in Paraná).

Pay-as-you-go (pré-pago) SIM cards for GSM phones are widely available in places like newsstands, drugstores, supermarkets, retail shops, etc. Vivo uses 850/1800/1900 MHz frequencies, while other operators uses 900/1800 MHz (and some specific cases, 1900Mhz) frequencies. 3G/HSDPA coverage is available mostly on big cities on the southeast states and capitals. Some states use 850 MHz but others use 2100 MHz for 3G/HSDPA. For LTE, all states and operators use the European 2600Mhz (B7) frequency (700Mhz B28 is being tested) If you need to unlock a phone from a specific operator, this can be done for a charge in any phone shop.

If you prefer, you can use international roaming in any operator (respecting the roaming agreements). In this case, if you want to call to Brazil, you must call the number directly, as stated above, or using the standardized way, as to call abroad.

All major carriers (Vivo, Claro, TIM and Oi) can send and receive text messages (SMS) as well as phone calls to/from abroad. Some operators (as Vivo, Claro, and TIM), can send and receive international text messages.

Television

Brazil uses a hybrid video system called PAL-M. It is not at all compatible with the PAL system of Europe and Australia. Nowadays, most new TV sets are compatible with the NTSC system used in the USA and Canada. Until 2023, Brazil will bring digital broadcasting with the Japanese ISDB standard. Digital terrestrial television is available in almost 90% of Brazil. In addition to the 6 major Brazilian television networks (Globo, RecordTV, SBT, Band, RedeTV and Cultura), many cities in the country have pay TV via cable or satellite. Some hotels have cable TV included with their accommodation, which means that you can also watch the main international news channels and many series and light entertainment reruns, sports and films.

Digital video appliances such as DVD players are also compatible with NTSC (all digital colour is the same worldwide), but make sure the DVD region codes, if any, match your home country (Brazil is part of Region 4). Also, the term "DVD" in Brazil is both an abbreviation for the disc and for its player, so be specific to avoid confusion.

Internet

Hotels, airports and shopping malls often offer free WiFi hotspots for your laptop computer or smartphone. In addition, Brazil seems to be a country with overly many open WiFi hotspots, only requiring login via Facebook for instance.

For general tips on internet while travelling, see our travel topic: Internet access.

Postal services

The Brazilian Correio is fairly reliable and post offices are everywhere. However, if you ask how much it costs to send a letter, postcard or package they will automatically give you the "priority" price (prioritário) instead of the normal one (Econômico). You might think that the priority one will make it go faster, but it isn't always true; sometimes it takes as long as the normal fare, so be sure to ask for the "econômico" price of anything you wish to dispatch.