Bulgarye, amptelik die Republiek van Bulgarye (Bulgaars: Република България), is 'n land in die Balkan, wes van die Swart See. Bulgarye spog met sublieme strande aan die see, lieflike kerke en wintersportgeleenthede in sy berge, sowel as 'n unieke kombinasie van argitektuurstyle in elk van sy stede en dorpe. Alhoewel dit nie 'n groot land is nie (ongeveer die grootte van Kuba, Portugal of die toestand van Virginia), Bulgarye bied 'n wye verskeidenheid landskappe, elk met sy eie unieke skoonheid. Vanweë dit alles is daar 'n groot aantal toerismegeleenthede in die land.
Streke
| Noord-Bulgarye Die streek is geleë tussen die Donau in die noorde en die Balkan in die suide is dit 'n duidelike streek. Die Bulgaarse Noorde is ook Moesia genoem deur die naam van die gebied gedurende die Romeinse tyd en is vol oorblyfsels van antieke forte, veral die groot hawestad Sexaginta Prista in Rousse en die vesting Baba Vida in Vidin. Die hoofstad van die Tweede Bulgaarse Ryk Veliko Tarnovo - tuiste van Tsarevets, een van die bes bewaarde middeleeuse kastele wat tot vandag toe bewaar is - is in die noorde geleë. Gedurende die Renaissance het die dorpe van Rousse en Pleven was die sentrums van die Westerse kultuur in die streek. |
| Suidelike Dobruja Genoem die Graanskuur van Bulgarye, produseer die streek die grootste deel van die land se wêreldklas koring onder ander korrels wat plaaslik verbou word. Die eerste twee Bulgaarse hoofstede - Pliska en Veliki Preslav - is in Dobruja. Daar is gesê dat Veliki Preslav een van die grootste stede van die vroeë Middeleeue was wat net vergelykbaar was met Konstantinopel. |
| Bulgaarse Swart Seekus Die Bulgaarse kus het een van die beste strande in Europa. Met nedersettings wat wissel van klein rustige dorpies, tot luukse vyfster-oorde, tot moderne stedelike stede, kan die Bulgaarse Swartkus aan enige smaak voldoen, gedurende die dae van die warm Bulgaarse somer. Die meeste dorpe en dorpe langs die kuslyn kan teruggevoer word na antieke Griekeland - die stad Nessebarhet byvoorbeeld 'n sentrale antieke deel wat 'n UNESCO-wêrelderfenisgebied. Varna in die noorde, is die derde grootste stad in Bulgarye - as 'n ekonomiese en toeriste sentrum word dit die hoofstad van die land genoem. |
| Strandzha Strandzha, 'n relatief lae berg, is bekend vir die spesifieke argitektuur wat in Malko Tarnovo, Brashlyan en die meeste ander dorpe waargeneem kan word, die ryk folklore en kenmerkende rituele, soos nestinarstvo (kaalvoetdans op lewende kole), wat talle heidense elemente bewaar. Strandzha is 'n gebied met 'n groot konsentrasie ruïnes van Thrakiese heiligdomme en offeraltare, dolmense en ander argeologiese voorwerpe. Die berg is ook die tuiste van die Strandzha Nasionale Park. |
| Vlak in die Bo-Trakia Sommige van die mees ontwikkelde stede in Bulgarye, soos Plovdiv en Stara Zagora is in die streek geleë. Noordelike Thrakië is 'n gebied van laaglande langs die riviere Maritsa en Tundzha, wat baie vrugbaar is en ryk is aan fossielbrandstowwe. Die streek is ook ryk aan historiese erfenis: die Panagyurishte-skat, een van die bekendste artefakte van die Trakiese kultuur, die Thrakiese graf van Kazanluk wat dateer uit die 4de eeu v.C. is 'n UNESCO-wêrelderfenisgebied, en Plovdiv (die tweede grootste stad in die land) is die oudste stad wat deurlopend bewoon word in Europa. |
| Rhodope berge Hoewel dit nie baie hoë berge is nie, is die Rhodopes deur baie toeriste 'n voorkeurbestemming vanweë die beperkte aantal paaie en die steil heuwels en die diep woude. Die winter ski-oord van Pamporovo is in die Rhodopes. 'The home of Orpheus' - die Griekse mitologiese digter wat hel toe gegaan het om sy geliefde te red - is 'n streek met 'n duidelike kulturele invloed. Rhodope-musiek is wêreldberoemd: baie buitelandse musikante is gefassineer deur die klanke van Rhodopes en selfs die lied "Izlel e Delyu Haydutin" uitgevoer deur Valya Balkanska is een van die min optredes wat in die Voyager Golden Record-seleksie van musiek ingesluit is, wat deel uitmaak van die Voyager 2 ruimtesonde, wat na verwagting minstens 60 000 jaar in die ruimte sal speel. |
| Pirin Macedonië Vernoem na die berg Pirin die gebied sluit die berg self in, asook die valleie van die riviere Struma en Mesta. Die nasionale park Pirin en die gewilde ski-oord Bansko is deel van die besienswaardighede in die streek. Die stad van Blagoevgrad is die grootste dorp in die omgewing. Dit staan bekend as 'n studentedorp omdat twee van die grootste universiteite daarin is. Pirin Macedonia is ook 'n gewilde wynstreek. |
| Bulgaarse Shopluk Die hoofstad Sofia, as die grootste stad van Bulgarye, oorheers die ekonomie van die streek. Vitosha berg suid van Sofia is 'n gewilde toeristebestemming wat gebruik word as 'n wegkomkans van die gejaagde stedelike lewe. Die "dak van die hoofstad", soos Vitosha soms genoem word, is gerieflik vir naweekpieknieks en toeristewandelings in die somer en in die winter ski en snow. Shoplukasluit egter ook die hoogste berg in Balkan - Rila. Rila is die tuiste van die ski-oord Borovets, 'n paar pragtige gletsermere, sowel as 'n ander UNESCO-wêrelderfenisgebied die Rila-klooster. |
| Balkanberge Die Balkan - die siel van die Bulgaarse volk. Die berg het 'n spesiale betekenis van 'n simbool in die Bulgaarse folklore en kultuur. Dit is die tuiste van helde en oorwinnings, die voogvesting van die mense, die bakermat van alles wat Bulgaars is. Die klein dorpies aan die voet van die berg was die rewolusionêre sentrums van Bulgare in die tye van die Ottomaanse ryk, en baie van die grootste helde en kulturele afgode van Bulgarye is in daardie dorpe gebore. Die nasionale park in die Sentraal-Balkan is in die berg en daar is baie plekke langs die ketting wat geskik is vir wintersport en toerisme. |
Stede
- 1 Sofia (София, So'fiya) - Die hoofstad en grootste stad in Bulgarye, met 'n pragtige middestad met renaissance en moderne invloede, baie parke, waaronder die Nasionale Park "Vitosha" (wat slegs enkele minute van die middestad af is), 'n goeie naglewe, meer as 250 historiese landmerke en argitektoniese monumente, en baie kulturele besienswaardighede. Dit is een van die oudste stede in Europa.
- 2 Burgas (Бургас) - Alhoewel dit bekend is vir sy kommersiële hawe (Port of Burgas) en olieraffinadery, het die stad 'n skilderagtige waterkant, nabygeleë middestad en ryk winkelsentrums wat dit gewild maak onder toeriste. Die stad bied die gewilde musiekfees "Spirit of Burgas" aan.
- 3 Gabrovo (Габрово) - 'n Gewilde toeristebestemming naby die geografiese middelpunt van die land, wat vinnige toegang bied tot ander stede, soos Veliko Tarnovo en Kazanlak, sowel as die Balkanberge en die ski-oord van Uzana. Die argitektonies-etnografiese oord Etar is naby die dorp geleë.
- 4 Pleven (Плевен) - 'n Historiese stad, bekend vir sy Panorama-monument en sy pragtige parke en fonteine in die middestad.
- 5 Plovdiv (Пловдив) - Die land se naasgrootste stad, aan die oewer van die Maritsa-rivier, het 'n lieflike winkelpromenade en baie parke. 'N Antieke stad met invloede uit baie tydperke, waaronder 'n bewaarde antieke Griekse amfiteater, 'n Romeinse stadion, 'n "Bulgaarse herlewing" -styl, en 'n verskeidenheid moskees, katolieke katedrale en ortodokse kerke regoor die stad. Plovdiv is ook bekend in die land vir sy gejaagde naglewe. Alhoewel die stad 'n moderne leefstyl het, is dit een van die oudstes ter wêreld, en dit is wel die grootste in Europa. Maak ook seker dat u 'n uitstappie neem na die Bachkovo-klooster, wat ongeveer 'n uur weg is.
- 6 Rousse (Русе, Rus) - Die middestad, bekend as die "Klein Wenen", bied 'n indrukwekkende argitektoniese barokensemble wat nie in Bulgarye anders gevind kan word nie. Die stad spog met verskillende interessante plekke, waaronder die Romeinse kasteel Sexiginta Prista, Rousse's Theatre, The House of Caliopa en die Pantheon.
- 7 Varna (Варна) - Die land se derde grootste stad is 'n pragtige kombinasie van 'n strandoord met 'n beroemde naglewe en 'n stedelike sentrum. Varna se kustuin is gevul met vermaak en kan ook deur kunsliefhebbers waardeer word.
- 8 Veliko Tarnovo (Велико Търново) - Skilderagtige universiteitsstad naby die Yantra-rivier wat die hoofstad van die Middeleeuse Bulgaarse Ryk was en nog steeds een van die bes bewaarde middeleeuse vestings in sy ou stad het.
- 9 Sliven (Сливен) - Die agtste grootste stad in Bulgarye.
Ander bestemmings
- 1 Sentraal-Balkan Nasionale Park
- 2 Dragoman Marsh
- 3 Etar-argitektoniese-etnografiese kompleks (of net Etara) - die opelugmuseum van Bulgaarse kunsvlyt en kultuur uit die 18de eeu in die Bulgarka Nasionale Natuurpark, naby die stad Gabrovo
- 4 Pirin Nasionale Park
- 5 Rhodope berge
Verstaan
 | |
| Kapitaal | Sofia |
| Geldeenheid | Bulgaarse lev (BGN) |
| Bevolking | 7 miljoen (2019) |
| Elektrisiteit | 230 volt / 50 hertz (Europlug, Schuko) |
| Landelike kode | 359 |
| Tydsone | UTC 02:00 |
| Noodgevalle | 112 |
| Rykant | reg |
| wysig op Wikidata | |
| “ | Toe God die volke van die wêreld hulle lande gegee het, het Hy die Bulgare vergeet, en omdat daar geen land vir hulle oor was nie, het Hy 'n stuk hemel vir hulle geskeur. | ” |
—’N Bulgaarse gesegde | ||
Die belangrikste landroetes vanaf Europa na die Midde-Ooste en Asië is naby die Turkse Straat en gaan deur Bulgarye. Danksy hierdie ligging was die gebied van die land van belang vir baie mense wat hul impak op die land gelaat het. Oorblyfsels van verskillende beskawings en tydperke is verspreid oor die hele land en kan vandag nog gesien word. Van die grafte van die magtige Trakiese konings, deur die teaters van die antieke Grieke en die stadions van die Romeinse Ryk, tot die Middeleeuse kastele van die konings van die Eerste en Tweede Bulgaarse Ryk, en die moskees uit die Ottomaanse bewind.
Aardrykskunde
Terrein
Die Balkan bergketting skei Noord van Suid-Bulgarye, want dit gaan van die verste noordwestelike dele van die land na die ooste en eindig aan die kus van die Swart See. In sy suide word Bulgarye se terrein oorheers deur hoë berge en riviervalleie wat byna al die westelike en suidelikste dele van die land beslaan. Die Suide sluit ook die Trakiese vlakte en die lae berge Strandzha en Sakar in. Die gebied van Noord-Bulgarye is geheel en al laaglande. Oos-Bulgarye is alle kuste en strande van die Swart See.
Hoogste punt: berg "Musala" in Rila-berg - 2925m (hoogste piek in Oos-Europa)
Klimaat
Kontinentaal in die grootste deel van die binneland: matige koue winters met soms swaar sneeuval; warm en droë of matige vogtige somers. Matig aan die kus: milde herfs, koel winters, milde fonteine en warm en briesende somers. Subtropies in sy suidweste: sagte winters met meer reën as sneeu in die laer terrein; warm en vogtige somers.
Die temperature gedurende die wintertydperk is gemiddeld tussen -5 ° C en 0 ° C in die vlaktes, tussen -2 ° С en 3 ° С aan die see, en tussen -10 ° С en -6 ° С in die berge. Die uiterstes van die winter bereik gewoonlik -15 ° C in die bewoonde gebiede, en af en toe -25 ° С gedurende koue jare.
In die somer wissel die temperature van 25 ° C tot 30 ° C in die vlaktes, van 21 ° C tot 28 ° С aan die kus van die Swart See, en van 18 ° C tot 21 ° C in die berge. Die uiterstes in die somer loop oor 40 ° C en soms bereik die temperature in die vlaktes naby die riviere 46 ° С-48 ° С.
Politiek en administrasie
Bulgarye is 'n demokratiese parlementêre republiek, met tradisionele magskeiding - wetgewende (parlement), uitvoerende (regering) en geregtelike (onafhanklike regstelsel). Bulgarye is 'n lid van die Europese Unie (sedert 2007), NAVO 
(2004), Wêreldhandelsorganisasie 
(1996), Raad van Europa 
(1992), ATS 
(1978), OVSE (1973), die Verenigde Nasies
(1955).
Die oppermag in Bulgarye behoort aan die Nasionale byeenkoms (Bulgaars: Народно събрание). Dit is die Bulgaarse parlement met een kamer. Sy lede word elke vier jaar verkies. Slegs die Nasionale Vergadering kan internasionale verdinge en ooreenkomste, met die naam van die Republiek van Bulgarye, aankondig en oproep.
Wanneer die lede van die nuwe parlement verkies word, stel die party of koalisie met die meeste lede in die vergadering 'n premier en 'n regering voor. Die personeel van elke regering word streng deur die Nasionale Vergadering omskryf. Slegs die parlement het die mag om die Bulgaarse ministers toe te wys en te ontwerp. Maar elke premier, en elke party of koalisie, kan struktuur van die regering voorstel, optimaal vir die werklike politieke situasie. Die aantal ministers en hul bevoegdheidsveld kan dus verskil in die verskillende regerings. Die huidige Bulgaarse regering bestaan uit 20 ministers - 15 mans en 5 vroue.
Die premier van Bulgarye lei die regering, stel die adjunkministers aan en stel hulle teleur, en definieer die interne en internasionale beleid van die staat. Die premier en die regering is verantwoordelik voor die Nasionale Vergadering. Die huidige Bulgaarse premier is Boyko Borisov.
Die president van Bulgarye is die opperbevelvoerder van die Bulgaarse weermag. Hy wys en ontwerp die opperoffisiere (generaals en admirale) in Bulgaarse weermagte, ambassadeurs van Bulgarye in die buiteland en internasionale organisasies, en ander opperstaatsamptenare. Wette, wat deur die Nasionale Vergadering aanvaar word, moet deur die president onderteken word. Hy het die mag van 'veto' om hulle te verwerp. Die huidige Bulgaarse president is Rumen Radev.
Geskiedenis
Antieke Wêreld
- Sien ook: Antieke Griekeland, Romeinse Ryk
Opgrawings het artefakte gevind wat dateer uit 5000 vC. Die grondgebied van die land is van toe af voortdurend bewoon en verskillende mense en gemeenskappe het op die terrein van die huidige Bulgarye gewoon. Die meerderheid van Bulgarye, saam met die deel van Griekeland, direk suid van die gedeelde grens van die twee lande, en die Europese Turkye, het die vorige eeue uitgemaak Thrakië. Heelwat Trakiese oorblyfsels en ruïnes kan in Bulgarye gevind word, veral in die omgewing Kazanluk. In die antieke Griekse tyd was daar talle dorpe in die streek, waarvan sommige nog steeds stede en dorpe in Bulgarye was. In latere eeue was die gebied van die moderne Bulgarye deel van die Romeinse ryk met boomprovinsies. In die begin van die Middeleeue het sommige Slawiese stamme hulle op die Balkan gevestig, en in die laat 7de eeu het 'n tak van hulle saamgesmelt met die Proto-Bulgare - 'n stam in Sentraal-Asië en die laaste golwe van die Groot Migrasie - om die eerste Bulgaarse staat op die Balkan.
Eerste en tweede Bulgaarse ryke
In die daaropvolgende eeue het Bulgaarse en die Bisantynse ryke Suid-Oos Europa oorheers, met voortdurende veranderinge in die verhouding van mag en invloed wat die ryke in hierdie deel van die wêreld gehad het. Soms was die Bulgare nog dae lank besig om die bakermat van die beskawing van daardie tydperk te verower: die Bisantynse hoofstad Konstantinopel; en soms het die Bisantyne die Bulgaarse staat noodlottig geslaan. Gedurende die Middeleeue was Bulgarye die middelpunt van die Slawiese kultuur en een van die fokuspunte in die Christendom. Godsdienstige literatuur en beeldende kunste is in Bulgaarse skole ontwikkel en die land was bekend vir sy handwerk. Bulgarye was die eerste staat wat die Cyrilliese alfabet (in sy oervorm) as eie skryfstelsel in 886 nC aangeneem het. Die eerste "Goue Eeu" van Bulgarye het geduur van ongeveer 811 nC tot 924 nC tydens die bewind van knyaz Boris I en van tsaar Simeon die Grote, konings van die Eerste Bulgaarse Ryk. Die tweede Goue Eeu in die deelstaat was van 1200 nC tot 1241 nC in die regering van tsaar Ivan Asen II, koning van die Tweede Bulgaarse Ryk. Hy was 'n heerser van die Asenevtsi-dinastie, 'n huis wat die Bulgaarse staat weer tot stand gebring het nadat dit van die Bisantynse ryk afgeval het en byna tweehonderd jaar tot 1185 'afwesig van die kaart' was. Die bewind van Asenevtsi is bekend vir die verplettering daarvan die kruisvaarders nadat hulle opgegee het oor hul doel om die heilige lande te verower en hulle teen die Ortodokse Christendom bekeer het. Rondom en na die geveg met die kruisvaarders het die heersers van die Tweede Bulgaarse Ryk 'n heerskappy gehad in hierdie deel van Europa, aangesien die staat die grootste en magtigste in 'die omgewing' geword het.
Ottomaanse heerskappy
- Sien ook: Ottomaanse Ryk
Maar teen die einde van die 14de eeu is die Ottomaanse Turke oorval. Die Bulgare het saam met die ander Balkan-volke deel van die Ottomaanse Ryk geword. Vyf eeue later, in 1878, is Bulgarye bevry met uitgebreide hulp van die Russiese Ryk as deel van hul groter stryd teen die Ottomaanse Ryk. Die land se ikoniese helde sluit vryheidsvegters en intellektuele uit die tyd van die Ottomaanse regering in. Van die belangrikste is: vader Paisiy, Georgi Sava Rakovski - die revolusionêre strateeg, Vasil Levski - die apostel van vryheid, en Hristo Botev - digter en vegter. Bulgarye het sy de facto onafhanklikheid van die Ottomaanse Ryk in 1908.
Derde Bulgaarse staat
- Sien ook: Tweede Wêreldoorlog in Europa, Koue Oorlog Europa
Na 'n reeks bloedige en wrede Balkanoorloë en 'n nasionale katastrofe, het Bulgarye die verdere ongeluk gehad om in albei die Wêreldoorloë deur die verloorparty beset te word, en val dit binne die Sowjet-invloedsfeer tydens die Koue Oorlog. Dit het in 1946 'n Volksrepubliek geword, met die kommunistiese party in die leiersposisie. Gedurende die Kommunistiese tyd was die Swart See 'n gunsteling bestemming vir reisigers agter die ystergordyn, en baie van die oorde in die land is in daardie era gebou. Aan die einde van 1989 is die kommunistiese oorheersing vinnig beëindig. Alhoewel Bulgarye verkiesings met meer partye gehou het, het baie kommunistiese politici aan die bewind gebly met die hermerk van sosialistiese beleid. Hiperinflasie en ekonomiese ineenstorting het daartoe gelei dat lang afgetrede werkers in die strate moes gaan bedel om hul nou waardelose pensioene aan te vul, jongmense om skaduryke ondernemings te begin en die gemeenskap om na leiers van die mafia op te kyk vir hulp. Die situasie het die ou garde uiteindelik in 1997 uit die mag gejaag, maar die land was in 'n moeilike politieke situasie weens die verspreiding van die invloed van die "ondergrondse prosesse" op al die regeringsvlakke.
Vandag het hervormings en demokratisering Bulgarye in die NAVO gebring, met die toetreding tot die EU in 2007. Bulgarye het beplan om sy nasionale geldeenheid, die lev, te laat vaar en in 2015 by die Eurosone aan te sluit, maar hierdie planne word opgeskort. Alhoewel dit 'n relatief stabiele ekonomie en lae skuld het, is dit die armste lid van die Europese Unie. Verder ondergaan die land sedert die vroeë negentigerjare 'n demografiese krisis en verloor meer mense as enige ander nasie op aarde.
Die die nasionale vakansiedag van Bulgarye is 3 Maart - Die Bevrydingsdag (Bulgaars: Освобождение на България). Op 3 Maart 1878 is die Verdrag van San Stefano onderteken, wat die Russies-Turkse oorlog van 1877-78 beëindig het en gelei het tot die onafhanklikheid van die Vorstendom Bulgarye van die Ottomaanse Ryk.
Gaan in
Toelatingsvereistes
Bulgarye is daartoe verbind om die Schengen-ooreenkoms hoewel dit dit nog nie gedoen het nie. Vir burgers van die Europese Unie (EU) of Europese vryhandelsgebied (EFTA) (d.w.s. Ysland, Liechtenstein, Noorweë en Switserland), is 'n amptelik goedgekeurde ID-kaart (of 'n paspoort) voldoende vir toegang. Ander nasionaliteite benodig gewoonlik 'n paspoort vir toegang.
Reis na / van enige ander land (Schengen of nie) van / na Bulgarye sal lei tot die normale immigrasie-tjeks, hoewel daar van douanekontrole afgesien sal word wanneer u na / van 'n ander EU-land reis.
Doen navraag by u reisagent of by die plaaslike ambassade of konsulaat van Bulgarye.
Inwoners van die volgende lande doen dit nie benodig visums om Bulgarye binne te gaan: Andorra, Antigua en Barbuda, Argentinië, Australië, Oostenryk, Die Bahamas, België, Brasilië, Brunei, Kanada, Chili, Colombia, Costa Rica, Kroasië, Ciprus, Tsjeggiese Republiek, Denemarke, El Salvador, Estland, Finland, Frankryk, Duitsland, Griekeland, Guatemala, Honduras, Hongarye, Ysland, Ierland, Italië, Israel, Japan, Letland, Liechtenstein, Litaue, Luxemburg, Maleisië, Malta, Mexiko, Moldawië, Monaco, Mauritius, Nederland, Nieu-Seeland, Nicaragua, Noorweë, Panama, Peru, Pole, Portugal, Paraguay, Suid-Korea, Roemenië, Saint Kitts en Nevis, San Marino, Seychelle, Slowakye, Slowenië, Spanje, Swede, Switserland, Singapoer, Oekraïne, Verenigde Koninkryk, VSA, Uruguay, Vatikaanstad, Venezuela, Hongkong en Macao.
Burgers van alle ander lande sal benodig 'n visum wat by 'n Bulgaarse ambassade of konsulaat in u tuisland verkry kan word. Verskillende soorte visums kan verkry word, insluitend 'n kortverblyf-visum van 90 dae (tipe "C"). 'N Visum-aansoekvorm is aanlyn beskikbaar hier, van die webwerf van die Bulgaarse ministerie van buitelandse sake.
Met die vliegtuig
Daar is vier internasionale lughawens in Bulgarye, geleë in die stede Sofia (SOF IATA), Varna (VAR IATA), Bourgas (BOJ IATA), en Plovdiv (PDV IATA), maar die meeste tradisionele vlagvervoerders (soos Lufthansa, British Airways, Turkish Airlines) vlieg slegs na die Internasionale Lughawe Sofia. Daar is baie aanbiedinge vir charter- en last-minute-vlugte na Varna of Bourgas vertrek uit Wes-Europa (veral Duitsland en Groot-Brittanje). As u dit gebruik, kan u van minder as € 100 vanaf Duitse lughawens na Bulgarye gaan en terug, as u gelukkig is.
Verskeie goedkoop lugdienste bied gereeld vlugte na Bulgarye aan. Hulle verander hul skedules elke seisoen, so kyk vir vlugte op die webwerf van die lugdiens.
- Wizz Air het direkte gereelde vlugte na Sofia van 35 bestemmings, meestal in Wes-Europa, maar ook van Israel en Dubai, asook vlugte na Varna vanaf 13 bestemmings en Burgas vanaf 4.
- Eurowings bied direkte vlugte van Düsseldorf en Stuttgart na Sofia.
- EasyJet vlieg na Sofia vanaf 5 lughawens in die Verenigde Koninkryk sowel as na Varna van Gatwick en Berlyn.
- Ryanair vlieg na Sofia vanaf 28 lughawens, na Burgas vanaf 13 lughawens, na Varna van Wene sowel as na Plovdiv van Londen Stansted.
- Flydubai vlieg van Dubai na Sofia.
Huurvlugte kan baie goeie pryse bied na die lughawens van die Swart See Varna en Burgas uit 'n groot verskeidenheid Europese stede in die somer (soos: Thomson, Balkan Vakansielug, Bulgaarse lughandves, Kondor, UTair en baie ander). In die winter kan huurlugdiens goeie winskopies aanbied Sofia en Plovdiv.
Vanuit die VSA bied groot lugdienste uitstekende verbindings na Bulgarye via Europa. Die lughawens wat u met 'n groot lugdiens kan bereik, is Sofia en Varna. Vanuit Asië bied Turkish Airlines en Qatar Airlines die beste verbindings en pryse.
Met die trein
Van Roemenië, 'n trein ry daagliks vanaf Boekarest om 12:00, neem tien uur; die retoer vertrek om 09:00 uit Sofia. Junie tot Sept. Dit is 'n deurgangstreep. Oktober-Mei moet u verander Rousse ("Ruse") op die grens. Daar is nie meer 'n oornagtrein nie.
Van Griekeland, 'n trein ry daagliks vanaf Thessaloniki om 07:00 om Sofia om 14:20 te bereik; die retoer vertrek om 15:00 vanaf Sofia om Thessaloniki te bereik (op vertrekborde as "Solon") vir 22:20. U moet daar oornag vir verbindings na en van Athene, Piraeus en die veerbote na die Griekse eilande.
Van Turkye, 'n slaaptrein vertrek om 21:40 van Istanbul Halkali, en ry via Edirne, Kapikule op die grens waar u uitkom vir paspoortbeheer, en Plovdiv, om Sofia om 09:00 te bereik. Die oostelike trein vertrek om 21:00 uit Sofia om Istanbul om 07:40 te bereik. Tweedeklas enkelkoste is € 20, plus die toeslag van € 10 vir die bank of € 15 vir 'n slaapplek.
Van Serwië, vanaf middel Junie tot middel September, ry daar daagliks 'n direkte trein tussen Belgrado Topcider en Sofia, wat tien uur duur. Die lyn van Boedapest-Belgrado word egter gedurende die hele 2019 vir ingenieurswerke onderbreek, daarom is dit moeilik om Bulgarye met die trein vanaf Wes-Europa te bereik.
'N Goedkoop manier om na Bulgarye te reis, is die Balkan Flexipass.
Met die motor
As u Bulgarye met Wes-Europa met die motor wil bereik, moet u deur Serwië of Roemenië ry, of u kan 'n veerboot neem vanaf Italië na Griekeland.
Die kortste pad van Wes-Europa na Bulgarye is deur Serwië. U moet egter seker maak dat u 'n groen kaart by u het, aangesien Serwië nie deel uitmaak van die EU nie. Die mees gebruikte Serwiese pad na Bulgarye (deur Nis) was ook 'n smal bergpad wat uitputtend kan ry as gevolg van die swaar verkeer. Snelweg A6 is in aanbou om Oos-Serwië met Bulgarye te verbind. Dit sal na verwagting vroeg in 2021 voltooi wees.
Die ander paadjie alleen na Bulgarye, deur Roemenië, het 'n lang afstand, maar kan baie minder tyd in beslag neem, want Roemenië het snelweë wat sy grense met Wes-Europa met Bulgarye verbind, en as deel van die EU het burgers van die unie minder formaliteite. op Roemeense grense. Die pad is ook baie geskik vir mense wat uit Noord-Europa reis.
Reis deur Griekeland, nadat u verby is Thessaloniki u kan uit drie paaie kies, afhangend van u eindbestemming. As u in die rigting van Sofia, Wes- of Noord-Bulgarye, is die vinnigste en kortste roete na Serres en dan na die grens Promahonas - Kulata. As u bestemming êrens in die Rhodope (Smolyan, Pamporovo, Kurdzhali) of naby Plovdiv, die kortste roete is in die rigting van Xanti (verby Kavala) en dan na die grens Thermes - Zlatograd. Hierdie roete moet egter nog in Griekeland herbou word. Laastens, as u na die Bulgaarse see die vinnigste roete is in die rigting van Komotini (parring naby Kavala en Xanti) en dan na die grens Ormenio - kaptein Petko Voyvoda.
In Bulgarye moet u padbelasting aan die grens betaal (ongeveer € 5 vir 7 dae). U kry 'n spesiale plakker wat u op u motor moet plaas. Daar is geen tolstasies op Bulgaarse paaie nie.
Behalwe vir die plakker, moet u dalk die gesondheidsversekering aan die Bulgaarse owerhede betaal (€ 2 per persoon vir 3 dae, effens meer vir meer dae). Sorg dat u 'n kwitansie kry! Verwag lang toue op sekere dae wat saamval met Bulgaarse vakansiedae.
Met die bus
Busse van en na Sofia gaan na die meeste groot stede in Europa - terwyl Bulgaarse busondernemings goedkoper sal wees (en meestal minder gemak sal bied), is dit moeilik om die kaartjies te bereik as u reis aan Bulgarye, sodat u altyd Eurolines-busse kan neem. Moenie verbaas wees as die busbestuurder 'n ekstra "grensfooi" van elke reisiger vra nie - dit maak u grens vinniger. Die meeste busse vanaf Wes-Europa sal deur Serwië ry, dus maak seker dat u vooraf 'n transito-visum benodig (Serwiese visums vir burgers van die EU is afgeskaf).
Per boot
Daar is gereelde veerbote oor die Swart See tussen Varna, Chernomorsk (naby Odessa, Oekraïne) en Poti (Georgië). Daar is sprake van vinnige passasiersverbindings tussen Burgas en Istanbul. Soms is daar cruiseskepe wat in Varna en Burgas aanlê.
Kry rond
Met die bus
Die vinnigste manier om deur die land te reis, is per bus. Busse verbind gereeld al die groter stede (u moet dalk vra of per taxi na die busstasie moet ry). Inligting oor roosters in Engels kan aanlyn gevind word (avtogari.info of bgrazpisanie.com). Bevestig altyd tye plaaslik, aangesien aanlynbronne moontlik onvolledig of verouderd is. Die meeste busstasie-agente (behalwe by die Swart See en in Sofia) sowel as die bestuurders sal geen tale praat of verstaan nie, behalwe Bulgaars (en, as u gelukkig is, Russies), en die bestemmings sal uitsluitlik in Cyrillies geskryf word. Jy kan opkyk busskedules vir die Sofia New Central by die busstasie.
Om per bus van Sofia na groot stede in Bulgarye te reis, is 'n goeie waarde. 'N Eenmalige kaartjie na die Swart See vanaf Sofia is ongeveer € 12-15. Verskeie maatskappye ry gereeld met nuwe en moderne busse. Roosters en pryse in Engels vir 'n paar groot maatskappye kan gevind word by GRUP Plus en Biomet.
Daar is ook ander busstasies in Sofia en sommige privaatbusse vertrek vanaf hul eie persoonlike stasie, maar vir reisigers wat net die minste verwarring wil verlaat, is die gebruik van die New Central Bus Station die maklikste.
Busse en minibusse ry vanaf Varna en Bourgas langs die kuslyn, verby gaan of na alle Bulgaarse toeriste-oorde in die Swart See gaan.
Met die trein
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Met die trein reis is goedkoop, maar ook stadiger as met die bus. Treine is baie nuttig as u oor die twee hoofroetes reis: Sofia - Varna en Sofia - Burgas. U kan albei roetes oornag reis, maar u moet vroegtydig bespreek, want hierdie nagtreine is dikwels vol bespreek.
Die amptelike webwerf van die Bulgaarse staatspoorweë (BDZ) is gebruikersvriendelik en bied 'n maklike aanlyn-rooster [1]. 'N Ander treinbeplanner is beskikbaar op bgrazpisanie.com.
Wees ook bedag daarop dat die meeste Bulgaarse treinwaens meer as 20 jaar oud is, 'n mengsel is van ouer Bulgaarse voorraad en ou Duitse rollende materieel (hoofsaaklik voormalige Interregio-toernooie) en nie altyd goed onderhou word nie, veral die toilette lyk primitief vir die meeste westerse gebruikers .
Daar is nuwer, baie gemaklike Desiro-treine wat deur Siemens gebou is (identies aan dié wat in lande verder wes gebruik word) wat op die: Sofia na Plovdiv; Plovdiv na Karlovo en Asenovgrad; en Sofia na Blagoevgrad roetes. BDZ het ook 'n paar ouer motors opgeknap en dit nou gebruik vir hul premium produk, genaamd IC, wat 'n vinnige trein is met verpligte besprekings en 2 1 sitplek, selfs in die 2de klas en redelik gemaklike en skoon sitplekke.
Om treinkaartjies te koop is redelik vinnig vorentoe, alhoewel die meeste mense tien minute voor vertrek 'n kaartjie sal koop, aangesien u kaartjie gewoonlik geldig is vir 'n spesifieke trein. As u nie weet watter trein u wil gebruik nie, kan u ook sonder die boete 'n kaartjie in die trein koop. As u op dieselfde punt as die trein begin, kan u ook 'n bespreking koop vir 'n spesifieke sitplek in 'n spesifieke trein teen 'n baie lae toeslag (0,30 leva). Alhoewel dit nooit tussen stasies werk nie.
Eerste klas kos gewoonlik ongeveer 30% meer as die 2de klas en is gewoonlik nie gemakliker nie (3 sitplekke agtereenvolgens in plaas van vier).
As u 'n retoerkaartjie koop, kry u miskien 'n afslag van 30% vir die hele reis, vergeleke met die koop van twee afsonderlike kaartjies. As u dit doen, moet u die kaartjie voor u terugreis by die stasiekaartjies laat stempel, aangesien dit andersins ongeldig kan wees.
Daar is afslag vir groepreis.
Mense wat belangstel in spoorweë moet die Rhodope trein, wat begin by Septemvri en gaan op na Dobrinisthe, deur Bansko ry. Hierdie smalspoor (760 mm) trein gaan deur 'n baie natuurskone landskap, klim op die Rhodopes berge, bereik die top en gaan dan weer af in 4½ uur vir 125 km (30 km / h gemiddelde spoed). Dit duur 'n rukkie, maar dit is 'n baie goeie manier om 'n plattelandse Bulgaarse lewe te sien. By spesiale geleenthede word dit deur 'n stoomenjin bestuur.
Met die taxi
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Huurmotors is gewoonlik 'n gerieflike en bekostigbare manier om in stede rond te kom. Baie taxibestuurders ken slegs beperkte Engels, dus dit is handig om u bestemming op te stel of 'n kaart te dra. Taxi-tariewe in Bulgarye is in die groot stede gestandaardiseer en moet op die voor- en syvensters van die taxi aangedui word. Buitelanders is egter waarskynlik teikens vir gewetenlose taxibestuurders wat hul meters gerig het of lang ompaaie ry. U moet vertroud raak met die bekendste taxi-operateurs in u omgewing, u roete en die verwagte rekening. Die mees waarskynlike manier om 'n eerlike taxibestuurder te vind, is deur 'n taxi per telefoon of app te bestel, 'n taxi vanaf die amptelike taxistaanplek op die lughawe Sofia en Varna te gebruik, of 'n taxi te verbygaan wat op groot paaie verbygaan. Die mees waarskynlike plek om 'n oneerlike plek te vind, is vanaf taxi-staanplekke by toeriste-hotspots en groot hotelle, of deur 'n tout te volg wat u 'n taxi kan aanbied by lughaweaankomste, bus- en treinstasies. Sommige bedrieglike taxi's boots selfs ander se logo's en etikette op hul motors na.
Met die motor
As u per motor reis, sal dit nuttig wees as u die Cyrilliese alfabet ten minste 'n bietjie kan lees. Die meeste borde by die hoofpaaie het die rigting in Latynse letters, maar die borde in die interne padstelsel is uitsluitlik in Cyrillies, dus as u 'n reis beplan, word GPS-navigasie of 'n padkaart aanbeveel.
As u 'n buitelander is, is dit die beste om 'n motor te huur. If you decide to rent a car bear in mind that for any bump or scrape to the car, whether involving a third party or not, you must immediately call the police to come and establish the damages of the incident for the insurance companies, otherwise you will find that your insurance will not cover the damage. Check the Terms & Conditions of your rental agreement closely.
Driving in Bulgaria can be a bit precarious - many roads do not have well defined lanes as they are not well marked, and are in poor conditions with bumps and holes on them. On all but the major roads, expect to find significant pot holes and uneven surfaces. Due to the poor road surfaces, you will often find cars driving on the wrong side of the road to avoid these holes, so be cautious when driving around blind bends. Locals often do not observe speed limits, do not signal when changing lanes, take up dangerous manoeuvres on the road and are very nervous on behind the wheel. When travelling on the road Sofia-Greece, be very careful. There are extensive road reconstructions and you can meet some really dangerous drivers.
If you observe the rules, police will not bother you. Bulgarian police have white Opel Astra patrol cars, marked "POLICE" with blue letters - keep that in mind, because in the past there have been several cases of fake police officers stopping cars and robbing travellers. Should you ever doubt the authority stopping you, you have the right to ask them to identify themselves with a certificate issued by the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Министерсво на вътрешните работи - МВР).
Never ever drink and drive in Bulgaria! This is always dangerous, and in Bulgaria it is a heavy criminal act: your first offence will result in a long prison sentence or at least - a very significant fee. The once-common practice of bribing a police officer to get out of a speeding or parking ticket is becoming the exception.
Car theft isn't much of a risk, but shouldn't be underestimated. In rural areas leaving your car should be safe, but in the big cities or tourist spots, it is advisable to stay on the safe side by parking either on the major streets or on guarded garages, where fees range from 6 leva (€3) a day to 2 leva (€1) an hour. If you plan to spend more time in one city, it might be better to rent a parking space, which on the average costs 60 leva (€30) a month. Most hotels have their own parking, and even at private lodgings it is often possible to park the car in the garden or so, just ask.
Met die vliegtuig
Domestic air travel does not make much sense in Bulgaria as distances are relatively short.
Bulgaria Air, the national carrier, flies 2-3 times/day between Sofia and Varna.
Praat
- Sien ook: Bulgarian phrasebook
Bulgarian is a southern Slavic language that uses the Cyrillic alphabet.
Bulgarian is mutually intelligible with Macedonian (considered a variant of Bulgarian by many Bulgarians) and also closely related to Serbo-Croatian. Russian and other Slavic languages are more distantly related but still similar. If you know any of these, you shouldn't have many problems getting by.
Turkish is spoken natively by the Turks of Bulgaria, who live mostly in the Southern mountains and the further Northeast.
It is also important to remember the fact that many Bulgarians - contrary to most nationalities - shake their head vir Yes en nod vir No! It is better to rely on the words "da" vir yes en "ne" vir geen than on head movements.
Bulgarian education emphasizes foreign language studies, and especially the English language. Older people may speak Russian, as it was a compulsory second language in schools during the communist era. The use of Russian has been declining since the collapse of the iron curtain, with English now being far more popular. In the south people often understand Greek and Turkish.
Sien
There is a wide variety of historical, natural, religious and artistic sights to see in Bulgaria. All across the country there are remains of different epochs and eras, societies and peoples, spiritual and artistic personae that create a beautiful mix of ethnic culture full of unique traditions and rituals combined with a sense of belonging to the movements that have shaped the world as we know it today. The Bulgarian tourist movement, established more than one hundred years ago, has promoted the acknowledgement of all the sights that form the distinguished Bulgarian identity through its so called "100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria" program [2] that covers most of Bulgaria's must-see attractions. Of course, nowadays the program includes more than two hundred and fifty one-of-a-kind places of interest but the name still remains. Some of the most popular sites include:
- UNESCO's World Heritage sites: Ancient City of Nessebar, Boyana church, Madara Rider stone carving, Rila Monastery, Rock-Hewn Churches of Ivanovo, Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak, Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari being the historical, and Pirin National Park, Srebarna Nature Reserve being the natural.
- the other great monasteries of Bulgaria that have been centres of Bulgarian culture during the Ottoman rule such as Bachkovo Monastery, Troyan Monastery, Dryanovo Monastery, Osenovlag Monastery, etc.
- the natural creations in the Bulgarian mountains that are a combination of awe to the beautiful natural forms and the exciting feeling of danger in the face of the sharp edges and deep ravines created solely by wind and water. Some of the most popular natural creations are the caves Dyavolsko Garlo (Bulgarian: Дяволското гърло, The Devil's Throat), Ledenika (Bulgarian: Леденика, The Ice-Cold), Magurata which has cave paintings on its walls and Snezhanka (Bulgarian: Снежанка, the Snow White), the canyons of Trigrad and the river Erma, Chudnite Mostove (Bulgarian: Чудните мостове, The Marvelous Bridges) rock phenomena, and the natural pyramids near the town of Melnik and the ones near the village Stob.
- the still-standing fortresses from the Middle Ages such as Tsarevets in Veliko Tarnovo, Baba Vida in Vidin, Tsari Mali Grad near Samokov, die Fort of Samuil near the village of Strumeshnica and the Fort of Asenevtsi near Asenovgrad.
- the remains from the cities of Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire in Sofia, Plovdiv, Nessebar, Sozopol, Razgrad and many many other cities and towns
- the architectural historical reserves like the towns of Koprivshtitsa, Bozhentsi, of Daskalolivnitsa in the town of Elena, Plovdiv's Old Town, die Varosha neighbourhood in Blagoevgrad and the neighbourhood of Arbanasi in Veliko Tarnovo
- the sacred places of Perperikon en Rupite, the many ancient and medieval churches in the country, and the tombs of the Thracian kings
- the sites of historical significance for the Bulgarian people, because of the acts of those who have been on those places such as mount Shipka, mount Okolchitsa, the area Oborishte, the homes of Vasil Levski en Ivan Vazov, and the church in Batak among many other places
Bulgarian culture includes a many unique and interesting to see traditional rituals some of which have been around since pagan times and are still performed. Some of the most interesting rituals are:
- nestinarstvo - a fire ritual originating from the villages in the mountain Strandzha that involves barefoot dancing on soldering embers. Originally it was performed on the square of some Strandzhan villages, but nowadays it can be viewed in many places throughout the country on the night of Sts. Constantine and Helen - 3 versus 4 July. It is a unique mixture of Eastern Orthodox Christian beliefs and pagan rituals in the Strandzha mountains
- surva - a new years ritual for hood luck and health. It is performed by young children (up to the age of 12) on New Year's Day, by tapping the older than them relatives on the back with the help of a survachka (a rod made of cornel tree sticks, decorated with wool, dried fruit and popcorn) and reciting a text for their fortune
- kukerstvo - a traditional Bulgarian ritual performed to scare away the evil spirits. The ritual is performed by men wearing grotesque masks and clothes made out of animal furs, horns and hooves, and belts with large bells. The men are dancing, making loud sounds with the bells on their belts, chasing away the evil spirits in order to ensure a good harvest, health and good luck throughout the year. The ritual is usually done around New Year at night when "the monsters lurk"
Doen
Stap - It is a popular activity in Bulgaria, where a big choice of regions for a day or multyday walking trips is available. The best time for hiking in the highest parts of the mountains is in summer, between late June and September as the snow is already melted and the weather is generally dry. In winter, snowshoeing and ski trips are possible between December and March, depending on the current snow and weather conditions.The main hiking areas are:
- in die Balkan - this mountain chain gives the name of the Balkan Peninsula. It stretches all along the country and is popular among the fans of the long distance hiking trips. One of the famous European Long Distance Routes (E3) follows its main southern ridge all the way from the west border of the country to the seaside. One of the three national parks in Bulgaria - National Park Central Balkan - is situated here. Also, on the northern side of the mountain is Nature Park Bulgarka. Both parks are protected areas as they contain rare and endangered wildlife species and communities, self-regulating ecosystems of biological diversity, as well as historical sites of global cultural and scientific significance.
- in Bulgarian Shopluk - The highest point of the Balkans (Mount Musala - 2925m ) is situated in Rila. Beside it, the northwestern parts of the mountain are a popular hiking destination, rich to nature and cultural sights as the Seven Lakes Cirque, Skakavitsa Waterfall (the highest in Rila), the Rila Monastery and the area of Malyovitsa. National Park Rila, which is the biggest in Bulgaria, is situated here.
- in Pirin - Located south from Rila and close to Griekeland and the Mediterranean Sea, these mountains are famous with the biggest number of sunny days per year among the mountain ranges in Bulgaria. The most popular hiking area is Northern Pirin. Its highest peak (Mount Vihren - 2914m) is the third highest the Balkans, after mount Musala in Rila and mount Mitikas in Olympus, Greece. Another popular route follows the main ridge of the mountains, crossing a landmark, called "The Foal" - a very tiny part of the ridge, which is secured and accessible for hikers. National Park Pirin is established to protect the nature in these mountains. Pirin is also famous with a number of blue high mountain glacier lakes.
- in die Rhodope Mountains - Located in South Bulgaria, the Rhodopes take up nearly one-eight part of the territory of the country. The landscapes here are quite different than in those of Rila and Pirin - there is no such a jagged peaks, but endless "sea" of green hills and a number of small villages between them. The Rhodopes offer a lot of opportunities for easy hiking in combination with getting to know the local culture and traditions. The area is inhabited from an old time and nowadays both Christians and Muslims live here and contribute to the unique local culture. The Rhodopes are known as the home of Orpheus - the mythical Greek musician and poet who entered the underworld to revive his beloved wife Eurydice.
There is an extensive network of marked tourist trails available and this allows a large number of different routes. The main accommodation in Balkan, Rila and Pirin mountains are the mountain huts and lodges, which usually offer rustic conditions, but there are also numerous three- and four-star hotels near popular tourist destinations. In the Rhodopes it is possible to stay in local guest houses.
Wintersport - There is a large number of winter resorts all around the Bulgarian mountains. Some of the most popular are Bansko, Pamporovo,Borovets en Chepelare
Enjoy the beach - the Bulgarian seaside is full of enchanting resorts mixing the modern hotels and wild night life with ancient sights and traditional culture. Famous resorts include Albena, Golden Sands, Nessebar, Primorsko, Sveti Vlas, Sozopol, and of course Sunny Beach.
Enjoy the nightlife - Bulgaria has a wide variety of entertainments to offer to any generation and that can satisfy any taste. However, one of the things the country is most famous of is its nightlife. A mix of oriental passion, European vision and unique Bulgarian seasoning that can be found throughout all the summer beach resorts at the Bulgaarse Swart Seekus, die mountain resorts, and almost any city and university town including Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna, Burgas, Haskovo, Veliko Tarnovo, Blagoevgrad, and many others.
Kersfees - While most Bulgarians are Eastern Orthodox, Christmas is a religious affair, so that Bulgaria celebrates December 25 as Christmas Day, according to the Gregorian calendar. Slavic traditional Christmas carols, known as koleduvane in Bulgarian can be seen in the streets.
Koop
Geld
Exchange rates for Bulgarian leva Vanaf Januarie 2020:
Wisselkoerse wissel. Huidige tariewe vir hierdie en ander geldeenhede is beskikbaar vanaf XE.com |
The Bulgarian unit of currency is the lev (лев, plural: leva), denoted by the symbol "лв" (ISO code: BGN). It is divided into one hundred stotinki. The lev is pegged to the euro at 1.95583 leva for €1.
Shopkeepers and other businesses in Bulgaria will usually not accept foreign money, although many will accept the euro. Bulgaria remains a largely cash economy in the rural areas; but in major cities, credit cards are generally accepted.
In most cities there are many money exchange offices which are marked with signs that say "Change". Most are legitimate, but some may rip you off. For example, they advertise a very competitive rate on the outside, but on the inside, there is a tiny sign with the "official" rates, and these are much worse – so always make sure to ask how many leva you will get for your money before you actually hand it over, and calculate yourselves (e.g., using your mobile phone) how much money you would expect to get. If you now refuse the transaction because the rate suddenly changed, they will make all kinds of unjustified assertions (e.g., "I already entered it into the computer, it cannot be stopped"), but you if threaten to call the police immediately while raising your voice so that other tourists look your way, they usually will let go immediately.
It is much safer to exchange your money at a bank. Banks apply little or no commissions, and generally offer good rates, although they are slightly worse than at a (non-criminal) change bureau. Higher commissions may be applied to traveller's cheques. Old, dirty or very worn bank notes may be refused. Never exchange money out on the street. Beware of people on the street who offer high rates of exchange or who may ask you to make some change for them.
Over the past years the ATM network in Bulgaria has grown considerably, making it relatively easy to obtain cash from the numerous ATMs in Sofia, and in all other major cities and resorts. The national credit/debit card circuit Borica [3], to which all ATMs in the country are hooked up, accepts Visa/Plus, Visa Electron, MasterCard/Cirrus, Maestro, American Express, Diners Club, and a number of other cards.
Prices
Prices in Bulgaria for some items are around half that of Western Europe, and good bargains are to be had on shoes and leather goods as well as other clothing. Clothes from famous international brands, perfumes, electronic equipment, etc. often are more expensive than in other parts of Europe.
Supermarkets
In Sofia and a few major cities you can find branches of international hypermarket chains like Kaufland, Hit, Billa, Metro, and other. There are also many local supermaket chains like Fantastiko, Familia, and Piccadilly. All Bulgarian supermarkets sell products of European quality.
Kantel
Waiters in Bulgaria usually get paid a minimum wage, because they make up the rest of their salary on tips (бакшиш (bakshish)). 10% is an average tip in a restaurant. Change is ресто (resto) and Service charge is такса обслужване/сервиз (taksa obsluzvane/serviz).
Eet
- Sien ook: Balkanse kookkuns
Bulgarian cuisine is a representative of the cuisine of Southeastern Europe. It has some Turkish and Greek influences, but it has some unique elements. The relatively warm climate and diverse geography produce excellent growth conditions for a variety of vegetables, bean cultures, herbs and fruits. Bulgarian cuisine is particularly diverse.
Famous for its rich salads required at every meal, Bulgarian cuisine is also noted for the diversity and quality of dairy products and the variety of wines and local alcoholic drinks. Bulgarian cuisine features also a diversity of traditional hot and cold soups, and numerous main dishes featuring a myriad of local grown vegetables. The meat appetizers that are typically served after the main dish are not to be missed out on. Bulgaria is also famous for the abundance of pastries in its cuisine.
A traditional Bulgarian meal starts with a salad of choice and some strong alcoholic beverage. The Bulgarian likes to drink wine or beer with its main dish continuing with the chosen drink by the end of the meal. This is why in most restaurants a salad is considered to be the best combination for strong alcoholic drinks.
Restaurants serving international cuisine have a presence in the country, offering various options such as Chinese, French, Italian, and international contemporary.
Because of Bulgaria's geographic location and the slow technological progress in the agricultural sector of the economy, the plant products used in the typical Bulgarian kitchen are all organic.
Most common foods
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Most Bulgarian dishes are oven baked, steamed, or in the form of stew. Deep-frying is not very typical, but grilling - especially different kinds of meats - is very common. Turkish-influenced dishes do exist in Bulgarian cuisine with most common being moussaka, gyuvetch, and baklava. Pork meat is the most common meat in the Bulgarian cuisine. Fish and chicken are widely eaten, while beef is less common.
Yogurt (Kiselo mlyako) is very popular. It is mixed with water (drink called ayryan or airian) and it is added to main dishes (especially liver based or with minced meat). White cheese (brine) is a very popular ingredient in the Bulgarian cuisine too. Salads are often topped with it and it is often added to soups and main dishes.
- Banitsa (also diminutival called banichka) is a traditional Bulgarian food prepared by layering filo pastry with various ingredients. Cheese is the most popular one, but there are also spinach, potatoes, minced meat or kraut (in the winter season). Usually people eat it for breakfast but it goes at any time of the day.
- In the bakeries there are also various flour based cakes like kozunak (sweet bread, Easter cake with raisins), kifla (rolls with chocolate or marmelade) and some salty variations with white or yellow cheese.
- Tarator is a cold soup made of yogurt and cucumber (dill, garlic, walnuts and sunflower oil are sometimes added) and is popular in the summer season.
- Shkembe chorba (tripe soup) is widely believed to be a hangover remedy. There are a few 24/7 places in Sofia where young people go early in the morning after a party, to have a Shkembe.
- Shopska salad is a traditional Bulgarian cold salad popular throughout the Balkans and Central Europe. Its name comes from the people born of Sofian descent called "shopi". It is made from tomatoes, cucumbers, onion/scallions, raw or roasted peppers, white brine cheese and parsley.
- Snezhanka salad or Snow White salad is made from yogurt and cucumbers. Snezhanka (Snow White) salad derives its name from the fairy tale character Snow White but the only reason for the name is the predominantly white color of the salad.
- Trushia is served predominantly in the winter season - pickled vegetables. It is a traditional appetizer (meze) to go with the alkoholi drink rakia. It is often served in restaurants or it can be bought prepared from supermarkets. There are different recipes made with garlic, chili peppers, celery, cauliflower, carrots, cabbage and other vegetables, and dried aromatic herbs pickled in vinegar, salt, and different spice mixtures, which usually include whole black peppercorns, ginger, etc.
- Kyopolou salad is a popular Bulgarian and Turkish relish made principally from roasted eggplants and garlic. Bell peppers, tomatoes, parsley are added.
- Green Salad, very popular in the spring season and Easter, is made of lettuce, radish, cucumber. Boiled eggs are added on Easter. Sometimes it is served topped with yogurt.
- Lyutenitsa (Ljutenica or Lutenica) is a vegetable relish. The ingredients include tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, onion, garlic or black pepper. It comes in many varieties. Lyutenitsa comes in a jar and is often used as a spread on toast and breads. It is also popularly eaten with many meats, meatballs and kebapcheta.
- Kebapche (plural Kebapcheta) is grilled minced meat with spices (black pepper or cumin). The meat is shaped into an elongated cylindrical form, similar to a hot dog. Typically, a mix of pork and beef is used. Kebapche is a grilled food. It is never fried or baked.
- Kyufte (also Kiufte, plural Kiufteta) is minced meat, with traditional spices, shaped as a flattened ball.
- Sarma is a dish of grape or cabbage leaves rolled around a filling usually based on minced meat.
- Musaka (Moussaka) is potato-based dish with pork mince, and the top layer is usually yogurt mixed with raw eggs.
- Yogurt is popular dessert served with jam, dried or fresh fruits or honey. In the Sofia area it is often called Vezuvii (Vesuvius) or given other "marketing" names in the restaurant menus.
- Baklava is very popular dessert but it is rarely served in the restaurants in Sofia. It can be found in boxes in the supermarkets.
- Garash cake is commonly found in patisseries and restaurants. It is made of ground walnut kernels, sugar and topped with chocolate icing.
Vegetarian
There are a number of traditionally vegetarian dishes in Bulgarian cuisine including salads, soups, and some main dishes.
Salads - main ingredients in Bulgarian salads are tomatoes, cucumbers and white cheese. The most popular Bulgarian salad is Shopska salad, which is a mix of tomatoes, cucumbers, onion, raw or roasted peppers (preferably roasted), white cheese and is typically seasoned with parsley. The dressing for Shopska salad is salt, sunflower oil and wine vinegar.
Soups - Traditional Bulgarian vegetarian soups include: Bob Chorba (боб чорба) which is a minty bean soup, Leshta Chorba (Леща чорба) which is minty lentil soup and Tarator (Таратор) - a cold yoghurt and cucumber soup.
Main dishes - there is a wide variety of boiled, fried, breaded, or roasted vegetarian dishes.
- Panagyurski style eggs (Яйца по панагюрски) - Boiled open eggs served in yoghurt and white cheese with red pepper and garlic seasoning
- Mish-mash - fried mixed eggs with peppers (and onions) seasoned with fresh spices
- Byurek pepper (Чушка бюрек) - baked pepper stuffed with seasoned eggs and white cheese mix, breaded and fried
- Vegetarian sarmi (посни сърми) - rolls of either vine leafs or pickled cabbage leafs filled with seasoned rice and served with yoghurt
Traditional milk products
There are only two native kinds of cheese: the yellow-colored Kashkaval (Кашкавал) - more or less akin to the Dutch Gouda - and the more popular white Sirene (Сирене) - a kind of Feta cheese, similar to Greek Feta in taste but more sour. Originally made from sheep milk, it is available from cow or goat milk, or mixed.
A pride of the Bulgarian people, yoghurt has Bulgaria for its motherland. The native Bulgarian original yoghurt (kiselo mlyako) contains Lactobacilicus Bulgaricus, a bacterium which serves as the basis for active culture "plain" yoghurt in other countries. Normally made from cow or sheep milk, it can also be prepared from buffalo milk, with a remarkably stronger taste.
Being a staple, and quite favourite around the country, Bulgarian yoghurt also is an ingredient to many dishes, the most famous one being the cold soup Tarator and the drink Ayran. Yoghurt is also a main ingredient of a white sauce used in baking.
There are a lot of dishes served with yoghurt on the side since Bulgaria is the homeland of the product.
Traditional meat appetizers
There is a large number of traditional meat appetizers from all kinds of meat in Bulgarian cuisine. The most widely consumed, however, have been pork. Traditional meat appetizers are made from either the meat of the animal or from its intestines, but some of the delicacies include both. Other ingredients include leek, garlic, sometimes rice and a wide variety of herbs and spices such as savoury, thyme, parsley, cumin, dill, black pepper, red pepper, and others.
Cooked traditional meat appetizers include fried liver ( typically chicken, pork or lamb), roasted lamb intestines in herbs and spices, breaded veal tongue or veal tongue with mushrooms in butter, and veal stomach in butter or with mushrooms and cheese. Other popular cooked meat appetizers are sazdarma (саздърма) en bahur. Sazdarma is made of chopped meat and usually is seasoned with Daphne leafs and black pepper and can be from veal, lamb or mutton, while bahur is made of chopped pork meat and liver, with added rice and seasoned with allspice, savoury and black pepper. Although, some may think that those appetizers do not sound attractive at all, many of them fin out that they are a jewel once they have tried them.
Smoked and/or dried meat appetizers can be generally divided into two types: pastramis and salamis.
Some of the most popular pastrami-type appetizers are the pork Elena fillet (a salted air-dried fillet covered in savoury, thyme and other herbs) and Trakiya fillet (again, salted and air-dried fillet which is more juicy than Elena fillet and is covered in red pepper). There is also a wide variety of conventional pastramis (air-dried and then smoked and steamed) made from pork, veal, mutton, lamb and turkey. Pastrami in Bulgaria is transcribed as пастърма (pastarma). Another popular fillet appetizer is air-dried mackerel (in Bulgarian veyana skumriya (веяна скумрия) and it can be found in restaurant all around the seaside.
Salami-like appetizers are mostly made of pork and are only air-dried. The most popular are lukanka (made of minced pork with black pepper and cumin), ambaritsa (made of minced meat with red pepper, black pepper and garlic), babek (chopped meat and belly with red pepper, black pepper and either dill or savoury), and starets (chopped meat and belly with black pepper, cumin, allspice and rarely leek or garlic).
Bulgarians have a long tradition of making meat appetizers and many of them vary in recipe across the country. Much of them can be found in different varieties in restaurants and food stores. Most of the most popular appetizers have regional recipes that give the distinct flavour of the area.
Popular local dishes with meat
The most preferred Bulgarian salad is the shopska salad. However, there is another traditional salad that includes the ingredients of the shopska salad and adds it own distinct touch. Die ovcharska salad is a mix of tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, onion, parsley and white cheese combined with mushrooms, boiled eggs, yellow cheese and most significantly - ham. The dressing again is salt, sunflower oil and wine vinegar.
As a main course you can have:
- Bulgarian moussaka - a rich oven-baked dish of among other ingredients: potatoes, minced meat and white sauce of eggs and yoghurt served traditionally with chilled yoghurt;
- Gyuvetch - typical ingredients include chopped potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, peas and some meat done in a clay pot called gyuvetch (from where the name of the dish comes
- Sarmi - rolls of vine or pickled cabbage leaves with rise and meat
- Drob sarma - a dish of lamb liver, belly and kidneys with rice covered white sauce and baked, served with yoghurt
- Kavarma - fried meat with tomatoes, onions and peppers
- Kapama - rolls of pickled cabbage leafs filled with four types of meat and at least one type of sausages in tomatoes and onions baked in a gyuvetch
Fast food
In Bulgaria there are traditional bakeries that prepare different kinds of pastry products. Banitsa en mekitsa are the favorite salty and sweet (respectively) pastries among others like tutmanik, milinka en kifla. Also, a traditional fast food option in Bulgaria is the grilled foods, such as kebabche en kufte (made of minced meat), karnache (a variety of sausage) and shishche (a king of shish-kebab made with chicken or pork meat).
Pizza, dyuner (döner kebab), sandwiches and toasts, or hamburgers are also very easily found on the streets of Bulgaria. There are also many local and international fast-food chains. While the local vary across regions, some of the internationally recognised McDonalds, KFC, Subway and Burger King are in every big city.
There is also a chain of fast food restaurant made by Syria Bulgarian all over Bulgaria offering fried chicken and pizza call ( Shami ) and it offers halal cheap food.
Other chain really recommended to try is ( HAPPY ) and it is available all over Bulgaria, worth to try always, good and clean service.
Drink
Non-alcoholic
There are more than six hundred mineral water springs around the country, so this is something you'd better taste and drink. However, tap water is not safe to drink in some regions.
Some of the most popular traditional non-alcoholic beverages in the country are ayran/ayryan (yoghurt, water and salt) and boza (sweet millet ale).
Another popular non-alcoholic drink is the fizzy drink "Etar" that has a distinct caramel flavour.
Wyn
Grape growing and wine production have a long history in Bulgaria, dating back to the times of the Thracians. Wine is, together with beer and grape rakia, among the most popular alcoholic beverages in the country.
Some of the well known local wine varieties include:
- the red dry wines Mavrud, Pamid, Gamza;
- the red sweet wines Melnik, Dimyat, Misket, Malaga (made of raisins), Muskat, Pelin (with sour notes), Kadarka;
- and the white wines Keratsuda (dry) and Pelin (sweet with sour notes).
Bier
Beer (bira: бира) is produced and consumed all around the country. You can find readily available excellent local varieties like Kamenitza (from Plovdiv), Zagorka (from Stara Zagora), Ariana (from Sofia), Pirinsko (from Blagoevgrad) and Shumensko (from Shumen), as well as Western European beers produced under license and produced in Bulgaria like Tuborg, Heineken, Stella Artois and Amstel.
Spirits
- Rakia/rakiya (ракия) is the Bulgarian national alcoholic drink. It is served neat, usually at the beginning of a meal with salads. It is strong (40% vol) clear brandy that is most commonly made from grapes or plums. However, there are as many varieties of the alcohol as there are fruit. Some of the best special selections are either made of apricots, or pears, or cherries, or peaches.
In many regions people still distil their rakia at home. Home-made rakia may include some special ingredients such as anise, honey, milk, natural gum and lozenges. Home-made rakia is then usually much stronger (around 50% to 60% vol).
- Another quite popular drink is mastika (мастика). It is a strong (47 - 55% vol) anise-flavoured drink very similar to Greek ouzo. It is usually consumed with ice, with water in a 1:1 mixture.
- Menta (мента) is a Bulgarian peppermint liqueur. It can be combined with mastika getting the Cloud cocktail (Oblak). Menta can also be combined with milk for a weak alcoholi, but tasty cocktail.
Slaap
Finding accommodation in Bulgaria is very easy, for any price. You can find everything - from hostels in Sofia and Plovdiv, very cheap boarding houses along the coast to inexpensive hotels in all cities and luxury hotels in large cities. There are many "mountain huts" or villas available for rent all around the mountains in the country. Overnight accommodations can also be acquired at about a dozen of the monasteries. There are also plenty of guest houses and villas. Bulgaria is famous for offering quality budget accommodation for rural and ecological tourism in charming small towns in its mountains as well as at the seaside.In some of the coastal villages, elderly ladies often approach tourists disembarking from coaches and trains, offering accommodation in boarding houses. These can often be excellent value for money (from as little as $5 a night) and can offer an authentic experience, however check these out before you agree on a stay.
Leer
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The oldest Bulgarian university is the Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" that in 2008 celebrated 120 years from its foundation. It is considered to be the largest and most prestigious university center. There are many newer centres of education in Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna, Shumen, Veliko Tarnovo, Blagoevgrad, etc.
For most subjects, programs are available in Bulgarian or English, depending on the university. Elementary and middle schools are supported by local authorities budget. As with most nations, teachers complain about small salaries. Literacy is nearly universal. Bulgarian people speak mostly English, German, French and Russian.
Some of the universities that offer education entirely in English are the American University in Bulgaria, die New Bulgarian University en die Technical University of Sofia. The last one offers also degrees in German language.
Secondary education entirely in English is offered by the American College in Sofia.
Bly veilig
Bulgaria is generally a very safe country, and people are quite friendly. You should however behave according to common sense when you are outside of the main tourist areas, i.e. don't show too openly that you have money, don't dress too much like a tourist, watch your things, don't walk around the suburbs (esp. those of Sofia) at night, avoid dark streets at night. Stepping in a hole is a much greater danger in Bulgaria than getting robbed.
Emergency phone numbers
The pan-European standard number 112 for all emergency calls is working everywhere in Bulgaria since September 2008. If, for some reason, you can not connect to 112, dial 166 for police, 150 for ambulance and 160 vir the fire department.
Driving
Driving in Bulgaria can be fairly nerve-wracking, and Bulgarian roads have claimed 599 lives in 2012 and this is a decreasing figure compared with previous years. Aggressive driving habits, the lack of safe infrastructure, and a mixture of late model and old model cars on the country’s highways contribute to a high fatality rate for road accidents. Of significant notation that the Bulgarian road system is largely underdeveloped. There are few sections of limited-access divided highway. Some roads are in poor repair and full of potholes. The use of seat belts is mandatory in Bulgaria for all passengers, except pregnant women. In practice, these rules are often not followed. Take caution while crossing the streets, as generally, drivers are extremely impatient and will largely ignore your presence whilst crossing the road.
Misdaad
In general, organised crime is a serious issue throughout Bulgaria, however it usually does not affect tourists and ordinary people. Bulgaria is safer than most European countries with regard to violent crime, and the presence of such groups is slowly declining. Pickpocketing and scams (such as taxi scams or confidence tricks) are present on a wider scale, so be careful, especially in crowded places (such as train stations, urban public transport).
Car theft is probably the most serious problem that travellers can encounter. If you drive an expensive car, do not leave it in unguarded parking lots or on the streets - these locations are likely to attract more attention from the criminals. If, by any chance you do leave it in such a location, you need to be sure that the vehicle has a security system. Such an installment will prevent the vehicle from getting stolen.
Travellers should also be cautious about making credit card charges over the Internet to unfamiliar websites. Offers for merchandise and services may be scam artists posing as legitimate businesses. An example involves Internet credit card payments to alleged tour operators via Bulgaria-based websites. In several cases, the corresponding businesses did not exist. As a general rule, do not purchase items of websites you are unfamiliar with.
Bulgaria is still largely a cash economy. Due to the potential for fraud and other criminal activity, credit cards should be used sparingly and with extreme caution. Skimming devices, surreptitiously attached to ATMs by criminals, are used to capture cards and PINs for later criminal use, including unauthorized charges or withdrawals, are very common in Bulgaria. If you are unsure which ATM to use, it's best to use your cash instead of a credit card.
Also, be careful with the cash you are dealing with. Bulgaria is one of the biggest bases for money forging of foreign currency, so pay attention to your euros, dollars and pounds.
On occasion, taxi drivers overcharge unwary travellers, particularly at Sofia Airport and the Central Train Station. Travellers are recommended to use taxis with meters and clearly marked rates displayed on a sticker on the passenger side of the windshield, as generally these Taxi's charge a normal amount, and the taxis with no meters charge for very unfair prices. One useful tip is to check the price for your trip from a trustful source beforehand, such as a friend or an official at station or tourist bureau. If by any chance you are trying to be lured into such rogue taxis, it is best to reject the offer, or just simply walk off.
Bulgaria has very harsh drug laws, and the penalties are perhaps far more severe than in any other country in Europe.
Volgens die verslae van die Agentskap vir Fundamentele Regte (FRA) is Bulgarye die land met die minder verdraagsaamheid teenoor LGBT-mense in die hele Europese Unie, vir 2009 en 2011. Na massale betogings aan die einde van 2017 en begin 2018 , is die Konvensie van Istanbul amptelik verwerp. Wees dus versigtig om te praat en moenie duidelike homoseksuele of transgender gedrag uitdruk nie. Andersins kan u deur skinheads of nasionaliste aangeval word.
Moenie geld op straat verruil nie! Dit is 'n algemene bedrogspul om u vals geld aan te bied as ruil in toeristegebiede soos stasies.
Diere
Rondloperhonde kom algemeen in Bulgarye voor. Alhoewel die meeste vriendelik is en meer bang is vir u as wat u bang is, is hulle verantwoordelik vir 'n aantal ongelukke, dus moet u waak. Daar is hondsdolheid in Bulgarye, en daarom moet enige byt van diere onmiddellik medies behandel word.
Wilde bere en wolwe kan soms in die bos gesien word, dus wees versigtig.
Korrupsie
Korrupsie bestaan in Bulgarye soos in baie ander Europese lande. Sommige polisiemanne of amptenare kan u byvoorbeeld omkoping vra vir sekere optrede. As dit gebeur, moet u die voorstel van die hand wys en die naam en ID van die persoon vra. Korrupsie in die doeane was ook eens 'n probleem, maar het drasties afgeneem sedert die toetrede tot die EU.
Die regering het die korrupsie fel bestry met 'n reuse sukses. As u in 'n situasie verskyn waarvoor u gevra word om omkoopgeld, of as u voel dat u uitgebuit word, kan u hier 'n aanlynnavraag by die polisie invul. http://nocorr.mvr.bg/, of bel 02 982 22 22 om korrupsie aan te meld.
Bedelend
Ongelukkig bedel en willekeurige mense wat probeer om goed aan u te verkoop, kom baie voor in Bulgarye. In die vakansieoorde in die berge en aan die kus sal daar talle mense wees wat u probeer verkoop, soos rose en seerower-DVD's, ens. Gewoonlik sal 'n vaste nee daarvan ontslae raak, maar soms sal hulle aanhou en dit dikwels ignoreer. laat hulle nie verdwyn nie, tensy u dit duidelik stel dat u nie belangstel nie. Wees ook bewus daarvan dat hierdie mense in baie gevalle net saans in die hotelrestaurante kan ronddwaal, dus verwag om hulle een of ander tyd aan u tafel te sien staan! In die ski-oorde is daar baie mense wat 'tradisionele' Bulgaarse klokke verkoop. Hulle weet wanneer toeriste aankom en hoe lank hulle bly en sal u die hele week pla om 'n klokkie te koop. As u aan die begin van die week duidelik maak dat u nie 'n klok wil hê nie, laat hulle u gewoonlik alleen (vir 'n paar dae ten minste), maar as u nie nee sê nie, of selfs sê, dan merk hulle u met 'n goedkoop plastiekbel om u te dwing om later in die week een te koop. Die klokmanne sal skielik vir die week jou vriend word as hulle probeer om 'n klok te koop, maar as jy 'n klokkie wil koop, moet jy natuurlik sorg dat jy gaan klop! En as u regtig nie 'n klokkie wil koop nie, sal u klokman teen die einde van die week sy goedkoop plastiekklokkie terug eis en nie baie gelukkig wees nie! Moenie sleg voel as u nie 'n klokkie koop nie, want hulle vra dikwels buitensporige pryse, tensy u regtig onderhandel. As u egter 'n klokkie koop, sal u sien dat die klokmanne opreg vriendelike en geselserige mense sal wees en regtig nie so sleg is soos wat hulle lyk nie!
Bly gesond
As 'n algemeen ryk land in Europa is dit die beste om te sê dat gesondheidstandaarde ontwikkel word. Daar is egter potensiële gesondheidsrisiko's, alhoewel die regering die groot kanse op sulke dinge met 'n groot sukses geveg het. Dit is die beste om te bly dat die grootste risiko is wat 'n reisiger kan ervaar lugbesoedeling. Mense met asemhalingsprobleme, soos asma, loop 'n groter risiko.
Gesondheidsrisiko's
Besoedeling is nie beter of slegter as in enige ander Europese stad nie. Gesondheidsrisiko's is dieselfde as in ander dele van Europa. Wees dus versigtig met wat u eet, want as u vrugte en groente koop, moet u dit was voordat u dit eet. As u geneig is om voedsel te koop vanaf 'n stalletjie wat kitskos bevat wat vleis bevat, moet u weet dat u 'n gesondheidsrisiko vir uself neem, want daar is geen gesondheidskodes nie.
As u by die Swart See is, moet u dink aan die sterk son op die strand, veral in Julie en Augustus. Dra sonskerm en moenie die sambreel in die eerste een of twee dae verlaat nie. Moenie harde alkohol op die strand drink nie, dit kan u 'n hartaanval gee.
Rook
Rook is die nasionale tydverdryf, en om die rook van sigarette te ontduik, is nog moeiliker as om uitlaatgasse in die strate te vermy. Oor die algemeen sit die meeste mense gedurende die somer gewoonlik buite, wat die saak erger maak. Aangesien dit 'n hindernis is wat seisoenaal verander, is dit die beste om waaksaam te wees. Sedert 2012 is rook verbode op openbare plekke, insluitend kroeë en restaurante, maar beperkings word selde gevolg.
Eet en drink
Die meeste kos is redelik veilig om te eet. Die produkte wat in die kookkuns gebruik word, is gewoonlik huishoudelik en organies. Probeer natuurlik om te verhoed dat u eet op plekke wat natuurlik nie skoon is nie.
Kraanwater in Bulgarye is daar baie verskillende kwaliteits-, smaak- en drinkaanbevelings. Alhoewel dit van 'n baie goeie gehalte en veilig is om in die bergstreke te drink, is dit die beste om drinkwater in Noord-Bulgarye en in die streke naby die see te vermy. Die bergstreke in Bulgarye het natuurlike bronne wat baie volop is, en baie dorpe het een of meer minerale waterbronne.
Hospitale
Toestande in Bulgaarse hospitale kan wissel - van baie skoon en sprankelend, met al die nuutste tegnologiese instrumente, tot die donker, koue en donker. Daar is 'n paar nuwe hospitale, en sommige baie oud, met ou tegnologie. Mediese personeel is baie goed in hul werk.
Burgers van die Europese Unie word gedek deur die Nasionale Gesondheidsorgstelsel van Bulgarye, mits hulle 'n Eurocard (of 'n Europese Gesondheidsversekeringskaart) het, verkrygbaar by hul eie nasionale gesondheidsorgowerheid.
Tandheelkundige prosedures in privaat klinieke in Bulgarye is van uitstekende gehalte. Baie mense uit Wes-Europa kom na Bulgarye om hul tande te laat doen vir die kwart van die prys wat hulle in hul tuislande betaal.
Respek
Bulgare is ongelooflik vriendelik en wil baie graag met buitelanders praat. Bulgare is geneig om baie openhartiger te wees as sommige ander Oos-Europeërs, en dit is baie raadsaam en die moeite werd om in gesprek te tree met hierdie mense. In kleiner dorpe, veral in die Rhodopes, kan mense u vir middagete, aandete of selfs oorslaap. Dikwels is dit 'n aangename gebaar om iemand 'n 'Dobar Den' te gee as jy verby 'n stil stalletjie loop of verby 'n persoon. Kak sté (hoe gaan dit) is gewoonlik voldoende vir die jonger geslag.
As 'n vuistreël vir die meeste lande wêreldwyd, moet u onderwerpe vermy wat politiek, oorloë en buitelandse betrekkinge betref, en soms ook sokker (sokker). Probeer neutraal bly as u tot so 'n gesprek deelneem. Onthou dat u kennis van plaaslike situasies waarskynlik nie so goed sal wees soos 'n Bulgaar nie!
Vir sommige mense is Macedonië 'n sensitiewe onderwerp om oor te praat, maar stel gerus u vrae, mits u dit nie bespreek met diegene wat meer aanstoot neem nie (dws nasionaliste en velkop). Baie Bulgare meen dat Macedonië aan Bulgarye behoort, maar tensy u die onderwerp en die mense met wie u praat ken, is dit net die beste opsie om vrae te vra.
Die meeste van die Bulgaarse mense voel nie woede of wrok teenoor Russe nie (anders as 'n aantal mense uit ander voormalige Oosbloklande), en Bulgare is geneig om 'n baie beter persepsie van Russe te hê, maar soms moet daar versigtig wees om kwessies rakende Turkye te bespreek. . Daar kan ook diskriminasie teen Turke en Roma-mense waargeneem word, maar dit is meestal as gevolg van sekere nasionalistiese groepe wat nie veel verskil van haatgroepe in Sentraal- en Wes-Europa nie.
Vermy praat of vergelyk tussen Turkye en Bulgarye, hierdie onderwerp is baie sensitief, en daar is ook 'n misverstand dat Islam Turkye is en Turkye is Islam, dus het Bulgaars in die algemeen 'n vooroordeel teenoor Moslems in die algemeen.
Bulgarye is nog steeds 'n baie konserwatiewe land, en die duidelike homoseksuele en transgender gedrag word dus nie vriendelik aanvaar nie. 'N Direkte LGBT-gesprek met 'n vreemdeling kan eindig met 'n fisieke aanval op u.
Bulgare praat nie regtig chit chat nie, dus as u probeer om met iemand by 'n kassie in 'n winkel te praat, sal dit waarskynlik vreemde voorkoms tot gevolg hê (omdat u dit nie verstaan of nie wil betrokke raak nie), of hulle sal u net ignoreer. Bulgare is eweneens redelik ongeduldig en sal dikwels met hul toeter vir jou toeter as jy voor 'n motor loop, veral in die winter in die berge, terwyl hulle probeer om 'n greep op die pad te hou.
Verbind
Huishoudelike telefone
Binnelandse telefoondienste is beskikbaar in byna elke bevolkingsentrum (ongeag die grootte), via die PSTN of VoIP.
Selfone
Mobiele telefone is wyd verspreid in Bulgarye - baie mense het twee of drie selfone wat die verskillende draers gebruik. Daar is drie netwerke (M-tel, Globul en Vivacom), wat almal die GSM / 3G / HDSPA-standaarde gebruik en binnekort LTE (4G) op die grondgebied van die land sal begin.
M-tel is die oudste en grootste vervoerder en het as sodanig byna volle nasionale dekking (97% van die oppervlak van die land), met klein uitsonderings in die hoogste dele van die berge. Die ander twee, Globul en Vivacom, bied beter mobiele internetsnelhede omdat hulle nie so baie gebruik word nie.
Tariewe is gemiddeld vir die Europese Unie (€ 0,05-0,40 per minuut, € 0,70 / SMS). Voorafbetaalde kaarte en subskripsies is beskikbaar, en spesiale opsies vir afslag op internasionale oproepe bestaan met sommige prysplanne. Voorafbetaalde kaarte moet met 'n geldige ID of paspoort geregistreer word.
toegang tot die internet
Toegang tot die internet is wyd beskikbaar in Bulgarye, hoewel ongeveer 60% van die bevolking gereeld toegang het. Breëband internet is beskikbaar via kabel-, ADSL-, veseloptika-, WiMax- en LAN-verbindings. U het ook toegang tot die internet met u selfoon via GPRS of 3G. Snelhede is redelik vinnig in die hoofstad - pryse is ongeveer € 10 vir 20 Mbit / s, met plaaslike toegang ongeveer 40-100 Mbit / s. Die snelhede neem toe, huistoegang vir 10 Mbit / s is beskikbaar teen € 7,5 per maand. Buite Sofia is die spoed aansienlik laer, die vinnigste is ongeveer 7,5 € vir 10 Mbit / s. Internetkafees is in die meeste dorpe en stede en in sommige dorpe beskikbaar. Rekenaars is gewoonlik nie beskikbaar in biblioteke of op openbare plekke soos treinstasies nie, maar gratis draadlose toegang is dikwels in sulke openbare plekke en in vulstasies beskikbaar. Baie kroeë en hotelle het ook gratis WiFi. Draadlose toegang neem toe, veral in die grootste stede, maar is steeds taamlik beperk. Betaalde draadlose toegang is ook beskikbaar. Snelhede in Bulgarye is verbasend goed! In werklikheid is Bulgarye in die top 10 van die lande met die vinnigste draadlose internetsnelheid wêreldwyd.